PROSPECTUS FILING
Base Prospectus dated March 19, 2008
PROSPECTUS
$500,000,000
The Gabelli Equity Trust Inc.
Preferred Stock
Investment Objectives. The Gabelli Equity Trust Inc. (the Fund) is a non-diversified,
closed-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as
amended (the 1940 Act). The Funds primary investment objective is to achieve long-term growth of
capital by investing primarily in a portfolio of equity securities consisting of common stock,
preferred stock, convertible or exchangeable securities and warrants and rights to purchase such
securities. Income is a secondary investment objective. Gabelli Funds, LLC (the Investment
Adviser) serves as investment adviser to the Fund. Under normal market conditions, the Fund will
invest at least 80% of the value of its total assets in equity securities. The Fund was organized
as a Maryland corporation on May 20, 1986 and commenced its investment operations on August 21,
1986. An investment in the Fund is not appropriate for all investors. We cannot assure you that
the Funds objectives will be achieved.
We may offer, from time to time, in one or more offerings, our preferred
stock, par value $0.001 per share. Shares may be offered at prices and on terms
to be set forth in one or more supplements to this Prospectus (each a Prospectus
Supplement). You should read this Prospectus and the applicable Prospectus Supplement carefully
before you invest in our shares.
Our shares may be offered directly to one or more purchasers, through agents designated from
time to time by us, or to or through underwriters or dealers. The Prospectus Supplement relating
to the offering will identify any agents or underwriters involved in the sale of our shares, and
will set forth any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount arrangement between us
and our agents or underwriters, or among our underwriters, or the basis upon which such amount may
be calculated. The Prospectus Supplement relating to any sale of preferred stock will set forth
the liquidation preference and information about the dividend period, dividend rate, any call
protection or non-call period and other matters. We may not sell any of our shares through agents,
underwriters or dealers without delivery of a Prospectus Supplement describing the method and terms
of the particular offering of our shares.
Shares of closed-end funds often trade at a discount from net asset
value. This creates a risk of loss for an investor purchasing shares in a public offering.
Investing in the Funds shares involves risks. See Risk Factors and Special Considerations
on page 22 for factors that should be considered before investing in shares of the Fund.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has
approved or disapproved these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or
complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
This Prospectus may not be used to consummate sales of shares by us through agents,
underwriters or dealers unless accompanied by a Prospectus Supplement.
This Prospectus sets forth concisely the information about the Fund that a prospective investor
should know before investing. You should read this Prospectus, which contains important
information about the Fund, before deciding whether to invest in the shares, and retain it for
future reference. A Statement of Additional Information, dated March 19,
2008, containing
additional information about the Fund, has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
and is incorporated by reference in its entirety into this Prospectus. You may request a free copy
of our annual and semi-annual reports, request a free copy of the Statement of Additional
Information, the table of contents of which is on page 66 of this Prospectus, request other
information about us and make shareholder inquiries by calling (800) GABELLI (422-3554) or by
writing to the Fund, or obtain a copy (and other information regarding the Fund) from the
Securities and Exchange Commissions web site (http://www.sec.gov).
Our shares do not represent a deposit or obligation of, and are not guaranteed or endorsed by,
any bank or other insured depository institution, and are not federally insured by the Federal
Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.
You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this
Prospectus. The Fund has not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. The
Fund is not making an offer to sell these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not
permitted. You should not assume that the information contained in this Prospectus is accurate as
of any date other than the date of this Prospectus.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Page |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
57 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
58 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
59 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
61 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
62 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
64 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
64 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
64 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
66 |
|
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This is only a summary. This summary may not contain all of the information that you should
consider before investing in our shares. You should review the more detailed information
contained in this Prospectus and the Statement of Additional Information, dated March 19,
2008 (the SAI).
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Fund
|
|
The Gabelli Equity Trust Inc. is a closed-end,
non-diversified management investment company organized as a
Maryland corporation on May 20, 1986. Throughout this
Prospectus, we refer to The Gabelli Equity Trust Inc. as the
Fund or as we. See The Fund. |
|
|
|
|
|
The Funds outstanding shares of common stock, par value
$0.001 per share, are listed on the New York Stock Exchange
under the symbol GAB. As of December 31,
2007, the net assets of the Fund attributable to its common
stock were $1,586,380,963. As of December 31, 2007, the Fund had
outstanding 172,104,290 shares of common stock; 5,200 shares
of Series C Auction Rate Cumulative Preferred Stock,
liquidation preference $25,000 per share (the Series C
Auction Rate Preferred); 2,949,700 shares of 5.875% Series D
Cumulative Preferred Stock, liquidation preference $25 per
share (the Series D Preferred); 2,000 shares of Series E
Auction Rate Cumulative Preferred Stock, liquidation
preference $25,000 per share (the Series E Auction Rate
Preferred); and 6,000,000 shares of 6.20% Series F
Cumulative Preferred Stock, liquidation preference $25 per
share (the Series F Preferred). The Fund completed its
redemption of its 7.25% Tax Advantaged Cumulative Preferred
Stock (the Series A Preferred) and its 7.20% Tax Advantaged
Series B Cumulative Preferred Stock (the Series B
Preferred) on June 17, 2003 and January 8, 2007,
respectively. The Series C Auction Rate Preferred, Series D
Preferred, Series E Auction Rate Preferred and Series F
Preferred have the same seniority with respect to
distributions and liquidation preference. |
|
|
|
The Offering
|
|
We may offer, from time to time, in one or more offerings,
our preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share.
The shares may be offered at prices and on terms to be set
forth in one or more supplements to this Prospectus (each a
Prospectus Supplement). You should read this Prospectus and the
applicable Prospectus Supplement carefully before you invest
in our shares. Our shares may be offered directly to one or
more purchasers, through agents designated from time to time
by us, or to or through underwriters or dealers. The
Prospectus Supplement relating to the offering will identify
any agents, underwriters or dealers involved in the sale of
our shares, and will set forth any applicable purchase price,
fee, commission or discount arrangement between us and our
agents or underwriters, or among our underwriters, or the
basis upon which such |
|
|
|
|
|
amount may be calculated. The
Prospectus Supplement relating to any sale of preferred stock
will set forth the liquidation preference and information
about the dividend period, dividend rate, any call protection
or non-call period and other matters. We may not sell any of
our shares through agents, underwriters or dealers without
delivery of a Prospectus Supplement describing the method and
terms of the particular offering of our shares. |
|
|
|
Investment Objectives and
Policies
|
|
The Funds primary investment objective is to achieve
long-term growth of capital by investing primarily in a
portfolio of equity securities consisting of common stock,
preferred stock, convertible or exchangeable securities and
warrants and rights to purchase such securities selected by
the Investment Adviser. Income is a secondary investment
objective. |
|
|
|
|
|
Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least
80% of the value of its total assets in equity securities
(the 80% Policy). The 80% Policy may be changed without
shareholder approval. The Fund will provide shareholders with
notice at least 60 days prior to the implementation of any
change in the 80% Policy. |
|
|
|
|
|
The Investment Adviser selects investments on the basis of
fundamental value and, accordingly, the Fund typically
invests in the securities of companies that are believed by
the Investment Adviser to be priced lower than justified in
relation to their underlying assets. Other important factors
in the selection of investments include favorable
price/earnings and debt/equity ratios and strong management. |
|
|
|
|
|
The Fund seeks to achieve its secondary investment objective
of income, in part, by investing up to 10% of its total
assets in a portfolio consisting primarily of high-yielding,
fixed income securities, such as corporate bonds, debentures,
notes, convertible securities, preferred stocks and domestic
and foreign government obligations. Fixed income securities
purchased by the Fund may be rated as low as C by Moodys
Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys) or D by Standard & Poors, a Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (S&P) or may be unrated securities
considered to be of equivalent quality. Securities that are
rated C by Moodys are the lowest rated class and can be
regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever obtaining
investment-grade standing. Debt rated D by S&P is in default
or is expected to default upon maturity of payment date.
These debt securities, which are often referred to in the
financial press as junk bonds, are predominantly
speculative and involve major risk exposure to adverse
conditions. |
|
|
|
|
|
No assurance can be given that the Funds investment
objectives will be achieved. See Investment Objectives and
Policies. |
2
|
|
|
|
Preferred Stock
|
|
Currently, 24,000,000 shares of the Funds capital stock,
which includes the preferred stock being registered with this registration statement, have
been classified by the Board of Directors (the Board) of the Fund or any
duly authorized committee thereof as preferred
stock, par value $0.001 per share. The Funds Board may reclassify
authorized and unissued shares of the Fund, previously classified as common stock, as
preferred stock prior to the completion of any offering.
The terms of each series
of preferred stock may be fixed by the Board and may
materially limit and/or qualify the rights of holders of the
Funds common stock. If the Funds Board
determines that it may be advantageous to the holders of the
Funds common stock for the Fund to utilize additional
leverage, the Fund may issue additional series of fixed rate
preferred stock (Fixed Rate Preferred Stock) or additional
series of variable rate preferred stock (Variable Rate
Preferred Stock). Any Fixed Rate Preferred Stock or
Variable Rate Preferred Stock issued by the Fund will pay, as
applicable, distributions at a fixed rate or at rates that
will be reset frequently based on short-term interest rates.
(As of December 31, 2007, 5,200 shares of Series C Auction Rate
Preferred, 2,949,700 shares of Series D Preferred, 2,000
shares of Series E Auction Rate Preferred and 6,000,000
shares of Series F Preferred were outstanding.) Leverage
creates a greater risk of loss as well as a potential for
more gains for the common shares than if leverage were not
used. See Risk Factors and Special ConsiderationsLeverage
Risk and Certain Investment PracticesLeveraging. The Fund may also engage in investment management
techniques which will not be considered senior securities if
the Fund establishes in a segregated account cash or other
liquid securities equal to the Funds obligations in respect
of such techniques. The Fund may borrow money in accordance
with its investment restrictions, including as a temporary
measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes. The Fund
will not borrow for investment purposes. |
|
|
|
|
Dividends and Distributions
|
|
Preferred Stock Distributions. In accordance with the Funds
Articles of Incorporation (together with any amendments or
supplements thereto, including any articles supplementary of
the Fund establishing a series of preferred stock (the
Articles Supplementary and together with the Articles of
Incorporation, the Charter), all preferred stock of the
Fund must have the same seniority with respect to
distributions. Accordingly, no full distribution will be
declared or paid on any series of preferred stock of the Fund
for any dividend period, or part thereof, unless full
cumulative dividends and distributions due through the most
recent dividend payment dates for all series of outstanding
preferred stock of the Fund are declared and paid. If full
cumulative distributions due have not been declared and made
on all outstanding preferred stock of the Fund, any
distributions on such preferred stock will be made as nearly
pro rata as possible in proportion to the respective amounts
of distributions accumulated but unmade on each such series
of preferred stock on the relevant dividend payment date. |
|
|
|
|
|
In the event that for any calendar year the total
distributions on shares of the Funds preferred stock exceed
the Funds current and accumulated earnings and profits allocable to
such shares, the excess distributions will generally be
treated as a tax-free return of capital (to the extent of the
shareholders tax basis in the shares). The amount treated as
a tax-free return of capital will reduce a shareholders
adjusted tax basis in the preferred stock, thereby increasing
the shareholders potential gain or reducing the potential
loss on the sale of the shares. |
|
|
|
|
|
Common Stock Distributions. In order to allow its common
shareholders to realize a predictable, but not assured, level
of cash flow and some liquidity periodically on their
investment without having to sell shares, the Fund has
adopted a managed distribution policy, which may be changed
at any time by the Board, of paying a minimum annual
distribution of 10% of the average net asset value of the
Fund to common shareholders. In the event the Fund does not
generate a total return from dividends and interest received
and net realized capital gains in an amount equal to or in
excess of its stated distribution in a given year, the Fund
may return capital as part of such distribution, which may
have the effect of decreasing the asset coverage per share
with respect to the Funds preferred stock. Any return of
capital should not be considered by investors as yield or
total return on their investment in the Fund. For the fiscal
year ended December 31, 2007, the Fund made distributions of
$1.32 per share of common stock, of which $0.63543 per share was
deemed a return of capital. The total 2007 distributions of $1.32 per
common share consisted of $0.90 per share in the form of cash
distributions and $0.42 per share in the form of shares of The
Gabelli Healthcare & WellnessRX
Trust. The Fund has made quarterly distributions
with respect to its common stock since 1987. A portion of the
distributions to common shareholders during ten of the
twenty-one fiscal years since the Funds inception has
constituted a return of capital. The composition of each
distribution is estimated based on the earnings of the Fund
as of the record date for each distribution. The actual
composition of each of the current years distributions will
be based on the Funds |
3
|
|
|
|
|
investment activity through December
31, 2007. |
|
|
|
Use of Proceeds
|
|
The Fund will use the net proceeds from the offering to
purchase portfolio securities in accordance with its
Investment Objectives and Policies. See Use of Proceeds. |
|
|
|
Exchange Listing
|
|
The Funds outstanding shares of common stock are listed on
the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), under the trading or
ticker symbol GAB. Currently, the Series D Preferred and
Series F Preferred are listed on the NYSE under the symbol
GAB PrD and GAB PrF, respectively. See Description of
Capital Stock. Any additional series of Fixed Rate
Preferred Stock issued by the Fund would also likely be
listed on the NYSE. |
4
|
|
|
Risk Factors and Special
Considerations
|
|
Risk is inherent in all investing. Therefore, before
investing in the Funds preferred stock, you
should consider the risks carefully. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Leverage Risk. The Fund currently uses, and intends to
continue to use, financial leverage for investment purposes
by issuing preferred stock. As of December 31, 2007, the amount
of leverage represented approximately 20% of the Funds total
assets. The Funds leveraged capital structure creates
special risks not associated with unleveraged funds having
similar investment objectives and policies. These include the
possibility of greater loss and the likelihood of higher
volatility of the net asset value of the Fund and the asset
coverage for preferred stock. Such volatility may increase
the likelihood of the Fund having to sell investments in
order to meet its obligations to make distributions on the
preferred stock, or to redeem preferred stock when it may be
disadvantageous to do so. Also, if the Fund is utilizing
leverage, a decline in net asset value could affect the
ability of the Fund to make common stock distributions and
such a failure to pay dividends or make distributions could
result in the Fund ceasing to qualify as a regulated
investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,
as amended (the Code). See Taxation. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special Risks to Holders of Fixed Rate Preferred Stock. Prior
to any offering, there will be no public market for Fixed
Rate Preferred Stock. In |
5
|
|
|
|
|
the event any additional series of
Fixed Rate Preferred Stock are issued, prior application will
have been made to list such shares on a national securities
exchange, which will likely be the NYSE. However, during an
initial period, which is not expected to exceed 30 days after
the date of its initial issuance, such shares may not be
listed on any securities exchange. During such period, the
underwriters may make a market in such shares, although they
will have no obligation to do so. Consequently, an investment
in such shares may be illiquid during such period. Shares of
Fixed Rate Preferred Stock may trade at a premium to or
discount from liquidation value for various reasons,
including changes in interest rates. |
|
|
|
|
|
Special Risks for Holders of Variable Rate Preferred Stock. |
|
|
|
|
|
Auction Risk. You may not be able to sell your auction
Variable Rate Preferred Stock at an auction if the auction
fails, i.e., if more Variable Rate Preferred Stock is offered
for sale than there are buyers for those shares. Also, if you
place an order (a hold order) at an auction to retain
Variable Rate Preferred Stock only at a specified rate that
exceeds the rate set at the auction, you will not retain your
Variable Rate Preferred Stock. Additionally, if you place a
hold order without specifying a rate below which you would
not wish to continue to hold your shares and the auction sets
a below-market rate, you will receive a lower rate of return
on your shares than the market rate. Finally, the dividend
period may be changed, subject to certain conditions and with
notice to the holders of the Variable Rate Preferred Stock,
which could also affect the liquidity of your investment. |
|
|
|
|
|
Secondary Market Risk. If you try to sell your Variable Rate
Preferred Stock between auctions, you may not be able to sell
them for their liquidation preference per share or such
amount per share plus accumulated dividends. If the Fund has
designated a special dividend period of more than seven days,
changes in interest rates could affect the price you would
receive if you sold your shares in the secondary market.
Broker-dealers that maintain a secondary trading market for
the Variable Rate Preferred Stock are not required to
maintain this market, and the Fund is not required to redeem
Variable Rate Preferred Stock if either an auction or an
attempted secondary market sale fails because of a lack of
buyers. The Variable Rate Preferred Stock will not be
registered on a stock exchange. If you sell your Variable
Rate Preferred Stock to a broker-dealer between auctions, you
may receive less than the price you paid for them, especially
when market interest rates have risen since the last auction
or during a special dividend period. |
|
|
|
|
|
Common Stock Distribution Policy Risk. The Fund has adopted
a policy, which may be changed at any time by the Board, of
paying a minimum annual distribution of 10% of the average
net asset value of the Fund to common shareholders. In the
event the Fund does not generate a total return from
dividends and interest received and net realized capital
gains |
6
|
|
|
|
|
in an amount equal to or in excess of its stated
distribution in a given year, the Fund may return capital as
part of such distribution, which may have the effect of
decreasing the asset coverage per share with respect to the
preferred stock. Any return of capital should not be
considered by investors as yield or total return on their
investment in the Fund. For the fiscal year ended December
31, 2007, the Fund made distributions of $1.32 per share of
common stock, of which $0.63543 was deemed a return of capital.
The total 2007 distributions of $1.32 per
common share consisted of $0.90 per share in the form of cash
distributions and $0.42 per share in the form of shares of The
Gabelli Healthcare & WellnessRX
Trust. The Fund has made quarterly distributions with respect to its
common stock since 1987. A portion of the distributions to
holders of common stock during ten of the twenty-one fiscal
years since the Funds inception has constituted a return of
capital. The composition of each distribution is estimated
based on the earnings of the Fund as of the record date for
each distribution. The actual composition of each of the
current years distributions will be based on the Funds
investment activity through the end of the calendar year. |
|
|
|
|
|
Non-Diversified Status. As a non-diversified, closed-end
management investment company under the 1940 Act, the Fund
may invest a greater portion of its assets in a more limited
number of issuers than may a diversified fund, and
accordingly, an investment in the Fund may, under certain
circumstances, present greater risk to an investor than an
investment in a diversified company. See Risk Factors and
Special ConsiderationsNon-Diversified Status. |
|
|
|
|
|
Industry Concentration Risk. The Fund may invest up to 25%
of its assets in the securities of companies principally
engaged in a single industry. In the event the Fund makes
substantial investments in a single industry, the Fund would
become more susceptible to adverse economic or regulatory
occurrences affecting that industry. See Risk Factors and
Special ConsiderationsIndustry Concentration Risk. |
|
|
|
|
|
Interest Rate Transactions. The Fund may enter into swap
transactions in connection with Variable Rate Preferred
Stock. The use of interest rate swaps and caps is a highly
specialized activity that involves certain risks to the Fund
including, among others, counterparty risk and early
termination risk. See How the Fund Manages RiskInterest
Rate Transactions. |
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign Securities. The Fund may invest up to 35% of its
total assets in securities of foreign issuers. Investing in
securities of foreign companies (or foreign governments),
which are generally denominated in foreign currencies, may
involve certain risks and opportunities not typically
associated with investing in domestic companies and could
cause the Fund to be affected favorably or unfavorably by
changes in currency exchange rates and revaluation of
currencies. See Risk Factors and Special
ConsiderationsForeign Securities. |
|
|
|
|
|
Lower Grade Securities. The Fund may invest up to 10% of its
total |
7
|
|
|
|
|
assets in fixed income securities rated below
investment grade by recognized statistical rating agencies
or unrated securities of comparable quality. These
securities, which may be preferred stock or debt, are
predominantly speculative and involve major risk exposure to
adverse conditions. Debt securities that are not rated or
that are rated lower than BBB by S&P or lower than Baa by
Moodys are referred to in the financial press as junk
bonds. Such securities are subject to greater risks than
investment grade securities, which reflect their speculative
character, including (i) greater volatility; (ii) greater
credit risk; (iii) potentially greater sensitivity to general
economic or industry conditions; (iv) potential lack of
attractive resale opportunities (illiquidity); and (v)
additional expenses to seek recovery from issuers who
default. Fixed-income securities purchased by the Fund may be
rated as low as C by Moodys or D by S&P or may be unrated
securities considered to be of equivalent quality. Securities
that are rated C by Moodys are the lowest rated class and
can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever
obtaining investment-grade standing. Debt rated D by S&P is
in default or is expected to default upon maturity of payment
date. See Risk Factors and Special ConsiderationsLower
Grade Securities. |
|
|
|
|
|
Derivative Transactions. The Fund may participate in certain
derivative transactions. Such transactions entail certain
execution, market, liquidity, hedging and tax risks.
Participation in the options or futures markets and in
currency exchange transactions involves investment risks and
transaction costs to which the Fund would not be subject
absent the use of these strategies. If the Investment
Advisers prediction of movements in the direction of the
securities, foreign currency or interest rate markets is
inaccurate, the consequences to the Fund may leave it in a
worse position than if such strategies were not used. See
Risk Factors and Special ConsiderationsSpecial Risks of
Derivative Transactions. |
|
|
|
|
|
Management Risk. The Fund is subject to management risk
because it is an actively managed portfolio. The Investment
Adviser will apply investment techniques and risk analyses in
making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no
guarantee that these will produce the desired results. See
Risk Factors and Special ConsiderationsManagement Risk. |
|
|
|
|
|
Dependence on Key Personnel. The Investment Adviser is
dependent upon the expertise of Mr. Mario J. Gabelli in
providing advisory services with respect to the Funds
investments. If the Investment Adviser were to lose the
services of Mr. Gabelli, its ability to service the Fund
could be adversely affected. There can be no assurance that a
suitable replacement could be found for Mr. Gabelli in the
event of his death, resignation, retirement or inability to
act on behalf of the Investment Adviser. See Risk Factors
and Special ConsiderationsDependence on Key Personnel. |
8
|
|
|
|
|
Taxation. The Fund has qualified, and intends to remain
qualified, for federal income tax purposes as a regulated
investment company. Qualification requires, among other
things, compliance by the Fund with certain distribution
requirements. Statutory limitations on distributions on the
common stock if the Fund fails to satisfy the 1940 Acts
asset coverage requirements could jeopardize the Funds
ability to meet such distribution requirements. The Fund
presently intends, however, to purchase or redeem preferred
stock to the extent necessary in order to maintain compliance
with such asset coverage requirements. See Taxation for a
more complete discussion of these and other federal income
tax considerations. |
|
|
|
|
|
Management and Fees |
|
Gabelli Funds, LLC serves as the Funds investment adviser.
The Investment Advisers fee is computed weekly and paid
monthly at the annual rate of 1.00% of the Funds average
weekly net assets plus assets attributable to any outstanding
senior securities, with no deduction for the liquidation
preference of any outstanding preferred stock. The fee paid
by the Fund may be higher when leverage in the form of
preferred stock is utilized, giving the Investment Adviser an
incentive to utilize such leverage. However, the Investment
Adviser has agreed to reduce the management fee on the
incremental assets attributable to the preferred stock during
the fiscal year if the total return of the net asset value of
the common stock, including distributions and advisory fees
subject to reduction for that year, does not exceed the
stated dividend rate or corresponding swap rate of each
particular series of preferred stock for the period. In other
words, if the effective cost of the leverage for any series
of preferred stock exceeds the total return (based on net
asset value) on the Funds common stock, the Investment
Adviser will waive that portion of its management fee on the
incremental assets attributable to the leverage for that
series of preferred stock to mitigate the negative impact of
the leverage on the common shareholders total return. This
fee waiver is voluntary and may be discontinued at any time.
The Funds total return on the net asset value of the common
stock is monitored on a monthly basis to assess whether the
total return on the net asset value of the common stock
exceeds the stated dividend rate or corresponding swap rate
of each particular series of preferred stock for the period.
The test to confirm the accrual of the management fee on the
assets attributable to each particular series of preferred
stock is annual. The Fund will accrue for the management fee
on these assets during the fiscal year if it appears probable
that the Fund will incur the management fee on those
additional assets. See Management of the Fund. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the year ended
December 31, 2007, the Funds total return
on the net asset value of the common stock exceeded the
stated dividend rate or corresponding swap rate of
Series C Auction Rate Preferred, Series D Preferred, Series E
Auction Rate Preferred and Series F Preferred. Thus, management fees were
accrued on these assets. The Funds total return on the net
asset value of the common shares did not exceed the stated dividend
rate or the corresponding swap rate of Series B Preferred. Thus,
management fees with respect to the liquidation value of the
preferred stock assets were reduced by $23,733. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
A discussion regarding the basis for the Boards approval of
the continuation of the investment advisory contract of the
Fund is available |
9
|
|
|
|
|
in the Funds semi-annual report to
shareholders dated June 30, 2007. |
|
|
|
|
|
Over the past several years, the staff of the Securities and
Exchange Commission (the Staff), the staff of the New York
Attorney Generals office (the NYAG) and officials of other
states have been conducting industry-wide inquiries into, and
bringing enforcement and other proceedings regarding, trading
abuses involving open-end investment companies. The
Investment Adviser and its affiliates have received
information requests and subpoenas from the Staff and the
NYAG in connection with these inquiries and have been
complying with these requests for documents and testimony.
The Investment Adviser has implemented additional compliance
policies and procedures in response to recent industry
initiatives and its internal reviews of its mutual fund
practices in a variety of areas. For further details
regarding the Investment Advisers review in connection with
these requests, see Management of the FundRegulatory
Matters. |
|
|
|
|
Repurchase of Common Stock
|
|
The Funds Board has authorized the Fund (and the Fund
accordingly reserves freedom of action) to repurchase shares
of its common stock in the open market when the shares are
trading at a discount of 10% or more from net asset value.
Although the Board has authorized such repurchases, the Fund
is not required to repurchase its shares. The Board has not
established a limit on the amount of common stock that could
be repurchased. Such repurchases are subject to certain
notice and other requirements under the 1940 Act. Through
December 31, 2007, the Fund has not repurchased shares of its
common stock under this authorization. See Repurchase of
Common Stock. |
|
|
|
|
Anti-Takeover
Provisions
|
|
Certain provisions of the Charter and the By-Laws of the
Fund, as amended from time to time (the By-Laws and
together with the Charter, the Governing Documents), may be
regarded as anti-takeover provisions. Pursuant to these
provisions, only one of the three classes of directors is
elected each year, and the affirmative vote of the holders of
662/3% of the Funds outstanding shares of each class (voting
separately) is required to authorize the conversion of the
Fund from a closed-end to an open-end investment company or
generally to authorize any of the following transactions: |
|
|
|
|
|
(1) the merger or consolidation of the Fund with any entity; |
|
|
|
|
|
(2) the issuance of any securities of the Fund for cash to
any entity or person; |
|
|
|
|
|
(3) the sale, lease or exchange of all or any substantial
part of the assets of the Fund to any entity or person
(except assets having an aggregate fair market value of less
than $1,000,000); or |
|
|
|
|
|
(4) the sale, lease or exchange to the Fund, in exchange for
its securities, of any assets of any entity or person (except
assets having an aggregate fair market value of less than
$1,000,000); |
10
|
|
|
|
|
if such person or entity is directly, or indirectly through
affiliates, the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the
outstanding shares of any class of capital stock of the Fund.
However, such vote would not be required when, under certain
conditions, the Board approves the transaction. The overall
effect of these provisions is to render more difficult the
accomplishment of a merger with, or the assumption of control
by, a principal shareholder, or the conversion of the Fund to
open-end status. These provisions may have the effect of
depriving Fund shareholders of an opportunity to sell their
stock at a premium above the prevailing market price. See
Anti-Takeover Provisions of the Funds Governing Documents.
|
|
|
|
Custodian, Transfer Agent,
Auction Agent and Dividend
Disbursing Agent
|
|
Mellon Trust of New England, N.A. (the Custodian),
located at 135 Santilli Highway, Everett, Massachusetts
02149, serves as the custodian of the Funds assets pursuant
to a custody agreement. Under the custody agreement, the
Custodian holds the Funds assets in compliance with the 1940
Act. For its services, the Custodian receives a monthly fee
based upon the month end value of the total assets of the
Fund, plus certain charges for securities transactions. |
|
|
|
|
|
Computershare Trust Company, N.A. (Computershare), located
at 250 Royall Street, Canton, Massachusetts 02021, serves as
the Funds dividend disbursing agent, as agent under the
Funds automatic dividend reinvestment and voluntary cash
purchase plan (the Plan) and as transfer agent and
registrar with respect to the common stock of the Fund. |
|
|
|
|
|
Computershare also serves as the transfer agent, registrar,
dividend disbursing agent and redemption agent with respect
to the Series D Preferred and Series F Preferred. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Bank of New York, located at 100 Church Street, New York,
New York 10286, serves as the auction agent, transfer agent,
registrar, dividend disbursing agent and redemption agent
with respect to the Series C Auction Rate Preferred and the
Series E Auction Rate Preferred. See Custodian, Transfer
Agent and Dividend Disbursing Agent. |
|
|
|
|
11
USE OF PROCEEDS
The Investment Adviser expects that it will initially invest the proceeds of the offering in
high quality short-term debt securities and instruments. The Investment Adviser anticipates that
the investment of the proceeds will be made in accordance with the Funds investment objectives and
policies as appropriate investment opportunities are identified, which is expected to substantially
be completed within three months; however, changes in market conditions could result in the Funds
anticipated investment period extending to as long as six months.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The selected data below sets forth the per share operating performance and ratios for the
period presented. The financial information was derived from and should be read in conjunction
with the Financial Statements of the Fund and Notes thereto, which are incorporated by reference
into this Prospectus and the SAI. The financial information for the
fiscal years ended December 31,
2007, 2006, 2005, 2004 and 2003 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, the Funds independent
registered public accounting firm, whose unqualified report on such Financial Statements is
incorporated by reference into the SAI.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
|
|
Operating Performance: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net asset value, beginning of period |
|
$ |
9.40 |
|
|
$ |
8.10 |
|
|
$ |
8.69 |
|
|
$ |
7.98 |
|
|
$ |
6.28 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income |
|
|
0.14 |
|
|
|
0.18 |
|
|
|
0.09 |
|
|
|
0.02 |
|
|
|
0.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net realized and unrealized gain
on investments |
|
|
1.12 |
|
|
|
2.18 |
|
|
|
0.47 |
|
|
|
1.63 |
|
|
|
2.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total from investment operations |
|
|
1.26 |
|
|
|
2.36 |
|
|
|
0.56 |
|
|
|
1.65 |
|
|
|
2.54 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Distributions to Preferred Shareholders: (a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income |
|
|
(0.02 |
) |
|
|
(0.03 |
) |
|
|
(0.01 |
) |
|
|
(0.00 |
)(e) |
|
|
(0.00 |
)(e) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net realized gain on investments |
|
|
(0.12 |
) |
|
|
(0.12 |
) |
|
|
(0.14 |
) |
|
|
(0.14 |
) |
|
|
(0.14 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total distributions to preferred shareholders |
|
|
(0.14 |
) |
|
|
(0.15 |
) |
|
|
(0.15 |
) |
|
|
(0.14 |
) |
|
|
(0.14 |
) |
12
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
|
|
Net Increase in Net Assets
Attributable to Common Shareholders
Resulting from Operations |
|
|
1.14 |
|
|
|
2.21 |
|
|
|
0.41 |
|
|
|
1.51 |
|
|
|
2.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Distributions to Common Shareholders: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income |
|
|
(0.12 |
) |
|
|
(0.16 |
) |
|
|
(0.08 |
) |
|
|
(0.01 |
) |
|
|
(0.01 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net realized gain on investments |
|
|
(0.57 |
) |
|
|
(0.72 |
) |
|
|
(0.77 |
) |
|
|
(0.79 |
) |
|
|
(0.68 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Return of capital |
|
|
(0.61 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.00 |
)(e) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total distributions to common
shareholders |
|
|
(1.30 |
) |
|
|
(0.88 |
) |
|
|
(0.85 |
) |
|
|
(0.80 |
) |
|
|
(0.69 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fund Share Transactions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase (decrease) in net asset value
from common stock share transactions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.00 |
)(e) |
|
|
0.00 |
(e) |
|
|
0.01 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Decrease in net asset value from shares
issued in rights offering |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.15 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase in net asset value from
repurchase of preferred shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.00 |
(e) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offering costs for preferred shares
charged to paid-in capital |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.03 |
) |
|
|
(0.00 |
)(e) |
|
|
0.00 |
(e) |
|
|
(0.02 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offering costs for issuance of rights
charged to paid-in capital |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.00 |
)(e) |
|
|
(0.00 |
)(e) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fund share transactions |
|
|
0.00 |
|
|
|
(0.03 |
) |
|
|
(0.15 |
) |
|
|
0.00 |
(e) |
|
|
(0.01 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Asset Value Attributable to Common
Shareholders, End of Period |
|
$ |
9.22 |
|
|
$ |
9.40 |
|
|
$ |
8.10 |
|
|
$ |
8.69 |
|
|
$ |
7.98 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NAV Total Return + |
|
|
12.14 |
% |
|
|
28.17 |
% |
|
|
5.50 |
% |
|
|
19.81 |
% |
|
|
39.90 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Market Value, End of Period |
|
$ |
9.28 |
|
|
$ |
9.41 |
|
|
$ |
8.03 |
|
|
$ |
9.02 |
|
|
$ |
8.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Total Return ++ |
|
|
12.75 |
% |
|
|
29.42 |
% |
|
|
0.66 |
% |
|
|
24.04 |
% |
|
|
28.58 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ratios and Supplemental Data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net assets including liquidation value
of preferred shares, end of period (in
000s) |
|
$ |
1,990,123 |
|
|
$ |
2,114,399 |
|
|
$ |
1,764,634 |
|
|
$ |
1,638,225 |
|
|
$ |
1,514,525 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net assets attributable to common
shares, end of period (in 000s) |
|
$ |
1,586,381 |
|
|
$ |
1,586,906 |
|
|
$ |
1,345,891 |
|
|
$ |
1,219,483 |
|
|
$ |
1,094,525 |
|
13
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
|
|
Ratio of net investment income to
average net assets attributable to
common shares before preferred
distributions |
|
|
1.16 |
% |
|
|
2.12 |
% |
|
|
1.27 |
% |
|
|
0.64 |
% |
|
|
0.67 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ratio of operating expenses to average
net assets attributable to common
shares net of advisory fee reduction,
if any (b) |
|
|
1.46 |
% |
|
|
1.43 |
% |
|
|
1.39 |
% |
|
|
1.57 |
% |
|
|
1.62 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ratio of operating expenses to average
net assets including liquidation value
of preferred shares net of advisory
fee reduction, if any (b) |
|
|
1.17 |
% |
|
|
1.11 |
% |
|
|
1.04 |
% |
|
|
1.14 |
% |
|
|
1.14 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Portfolio turnover rate |
|
|
17.2 |
% |
|
|
29.5 |
% |
|
|
22.4 |
% |
|
|
28.6 |
% |
|
|
19.2 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred Stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.20% Series B Cumulative Preferred Stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liquidation value, end of period (000s) |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
123,750 |
|
|
$ |
165,000 |
|
|
$ |
165,000 |
|
|
$ |
165,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shares outstanding (in 000s) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,950 |
|
|
|
6,600 |
|
|
|
6,600 |
|
|
|
6,600 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liquidation preference per share |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
25.00 |
|
|
$ |
25.00 |
|
|
$ |
25.00 |
|
|
$ |
25.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average market value (c) |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
25.27 |
|
|
$ |
25.92 |
|
|
$ |
26.57 |
|
|
$ |
27.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset coverage per share |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
100.21 |
|
|
$ |
105.35 |
|
|
$ |
97.81 |
|
|
$ |
90.15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Auction Rate Series C Cumulative Preferred
Stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liquidation value, end of period (000s) |
|
$ |
130,000 |
|
|
$ |
130,000 |
|
|
$ |
130,000 |
|
|
$ |
130,000 |
|
|
$ |
130,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shares outstanding (in 000s) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liquidation preference per share |
|
$ |
25,000 |
|
|
$ |
25,000 |
|
|
$ |
25,000 |
|
|
$ |
25,000 |
|
|
$ |
25,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average market value (c) |
|
$ |
25,000 |
|
|
$ |
25,000 |
|
|
$ |
25,000 |
|
|
$ |
25,000 |
|
|
$ |
25,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset coverage per share |
|
$ |
123,230 |
|
|
$ |
100,211 |
|
|
$ |
105,353 |
|
|
$ |
97,806 |
|
|
$ |
90,150 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.875% Series D Cumulative Preferred Stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liquidation value, end of period (000s) |
|
$ |
73,743 |
|
|
$ |
73,743 |
|
|
$ |
73,743 |
|
|
$ |
73,743 |
|
|
$ |
75,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shares outstanding (in 000s) |
|
|
2,950 |
|
|
|
2,950 |
|
|
|
2,950 |
|
|
|
2,950 |
|
|
|
3,000 |
|
14
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
|
|
Liquidation preference per share |
|
$ |
25.00 |
|
|
$ |
25.00 |
|
|
$ |
25.00 |
|
|
$ |
25.00 |
|
|
$ |
25.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average market value (c) |
|
$ |
23.86 |
|
|
$ |
23.98 |
|
|
$ |
24.82 |
|
|
$ |
24.81 |
|
|
$ |
25.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset coverage per share |
|
$ |
123.23 |
|
|
$ |
100.21 |
|
|
$ |
105.35 |
|
|
$ |
97.81 |
|
|
$ |
90.15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Auction Rate Series E Cumulative Preferred
Stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liquidation value, end of period (000s) |
|
$ |
50,000 |
|
|
$ |
50,000 |
|
|
$ |
50,000 |
|
|
$ |
50,000 |
|
|
$ |
50,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shares outstanding (in 000s) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liquidation preference per share |
|
$ |
25,000 |
|
|
$ |
25,000 |
|
|
$ |
25,000 |
|
|
$ |
25,000 |
|
|
$ |
25,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average market value (c) |
|
$ |
25,000 |
|
|
$ |
25,000 |
|
|
$ |
25,000 |
|
|
$ |
25,000 |
|
|
$ |
25,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset coverage per share |
|
$ |
123,230 |
|
|
$ |
100,211 |
|
|
$ |
105,353 |
|
|
$ |
97,806 |
|
|
$ |
90,150 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.20% Series F Cumulative Preferred Stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liquidation value, end of period (000s) |
|
$ |
150,000 |
|
|
$ |
150,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shares outstanding (in 000s) |
|
|
6,000 |
|
|
|
6,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liquidation preference per share |
|
$ |
25.00 |
|
|
$ |
25.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average market value (c) |
|
$ |
24.69 |
|
|
$ |
25.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset coverage per share |
|
$ |
123.23 |
|
|
$ |
100.21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset Coverage (d) |
|
|
493 |
% |
|
|
401 |
% |
|
|
421 |
% |
|
|
391 |
% |
|
|
361 |
% |
|
|
|
+ |
|
Based on net asset value per share, adjusted for reinvestment of distributions, at prices
dependent upon the relationship of the net asset value per share and the market value per
share on the ex-dividend dates, including the effect of shares issued pursuant to the 2005
rights offering, assuming full subscription by shareholder. |
|
++ |
|
Based on market value per share, adjusted for reinvestment of distributions, including the
effect of shares issued pursuant to the 2005 rights offering, assuming full subscription by
shareholder. |
|
(a) |
|
Calculated based upon average common shares outstanding on the record dates throughout the
periods. |
|
(b) |
|
The ratios do not include a reduction of expenses for custodian fee credits on cash balances
maintained with the custodian. For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004 and 2003
the effect of the custodian fee credits was minimal. |
|
(c) |
|
Based on weekly prices. |
|
(d) |
|
Asset coverage is calculated by combining all series of preferred stock. |
|
|
(e) |
|
Amount represents less than $0.005 per share. |
15
THE FUND
The Fund is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company registered under the
1940 Act. The Fund was organized as a Maryland corporation on May 20, 1986. The Fund commenced its
investment operations on August 21, 1986. The Funds principal office is located at One Corporate
Center, Rye, New York 10580-1422.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
Investment Objectives
The Funds primary investment objective is to achieve long-term growth of capital by investing
primarily in a portfolio of equity securities consisting of common stock, preferred stock,
convertible or exchangeable securities and warrants and rights to purchase such securities selected
by the Investment Adviser. Income is a secondary investment objective. The investment objectives of
long-term growth of capital and income are fundamental policies of the Fund. These fundamental
policies and the investment limitations described in the SAI under the caption Investment
Restrictions cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Funds
outstanding shares of preferred stock voting as a separate class and the approval of the holders of
a majority of the Funds outstanding voting securities. Such majority votes require, in each case,
the lesser of (i) 67% of the Funds applicable shares represented at a meeting at which more than
50% of the Funds applicable shares outstanding are represented, whether in person or by proxy, or
(ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the applicable class.
Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of the value of its total
assets in equity securities. The 80% Policy may be changed without shareholder approval. The Fund
will provide shareholders with notice at least 60 days prior to the implementation of any change in
the 80% Policy.
The Investment Adviser selects investments on the basis of fundamental value and, accordingly,
the Fund typically invests in the securities of companies that are believed by the Investment
Adviser to be priced lower than justified in relation to their underlying assets. Other important
factors in the selection of investments include favorable price/earnings and debt/equity ratios and
strong management.
The Fund seeks to achieve its secondary investment objective of income, in part, by investing
up to 10% of its total assets in fixed-income securities rated as low as C by Moodys or D by S&P
or may be unrated securities considered to be of equivalent quality. Securities that are rated C by
Moodys are the lowest rated class and can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever
obtaining investment-grade standing. Debt rated D by S&P is in default or is expected to default
upon maturity of payment date. These debt securities, which are often referred to in the financial
press as junk bonds, are predominantly speculative and involve major risk exposure to adverse
conditions.
No assurance can be given that the Funds investment objectives will be achieved.
16
Investment Methodology of the Fund
In selecting securities for the Fund, the Investment Adviser normally will consider the
following factors, among others:
|
|
|
the Investment Advisers own evaluations of the private market value (as defined
below), cash flow, earnings per share and other fundamental aspects of the underlying
assets and business of the company; |
|
|
|
|
the potential for capital appreciation of the securities; |
|
|
|
|
the interest or dividend income generated by the securities; |
|
|
|
|
the prices of the securities relative to other comparable securities; |
|
|
|
|
whether the securities are entitled to the benefits of call protection or other
protective covenants; |
|
|
|
|
the existence of any anti-dilution protections or guarantees of the security; and |
|
|
|
|
the diversification of the portfolio of the Fund as to issuers. |
The Investment Advisers investment philosophy with respect to equity securities is to
identify assets that are selling in the public market at a discount to their private market value.
The Investment Adviser defines private market value as the value informed purchasers are willing to
pay to acquire assets with similar characteristics. The Investment Adviser also normally evaluates
an issuers free cash flow and long-term earnings trends. Finally, the Investment Adviser looks for
a catalyst, something indigenous to the company, its industry or country, that will surface
additional value.
Certain Investment Practices
Foreign Securities. The Fund may invest up to 35% of its total assets in foreign securities.
Among the foreign securities in which the Fund may invest are those issued by companies located in
developing countries, which are countries in the initial stages of their industrialization cycles.
Investing in the equity and debt markets of developing countries involves exposure to economic
structures that are generally less diverse and less mature, and to political systems that may have
less stability, than those of developed countries. The markets of developing countries historically
have been more volatile than the markets of the more mature economies of developed countries, but
often have provided higher rates of return to investors.
The Fund may also invest in the debt securities of foreign governments. Although such
investments are not a principal strategy of the Fund, there is no independent limit on its ability
to invest in the debt securities of foreign governments.
Temporary Defensive Investments. Subject to the Funds investment restrictions, when a
temporary defensive period is believed by the Investment Adviser to be warranted (temporary
defensive periods), the Fund may, without limitation, hold cash or invest its assets in securities
of United States government sponsored instrumentalities, in repurchase agreements in respect of
those instruments, and in certain high-grade commercial paper instruments. During temporary
defensive periods, the Fund may also invest in money market mutual funds that invest primarily in
securities of United States government sponsored instrumentalities and repurchase agreements
17
in respect of those instruments. Obligations of certain agencies and instrumentalities of the
United States government, such as the Government National Mortgage Association, are supported by
the full faith and credit of the United States government; others, such as those of the
Export-Import Bank of the United States, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from
the United States Treasury; others, such as those of the Federal National Mortgage Association, are
supported by the discretionary authority of the United States government to purchase the agencys
obligations; and still others, such as those of the Student Loan Marketing Association, are
supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. No assurance can be given that the United
States government would provide financial support to United States government sponsored
instrumentalities if it is not obligated to do so by law. During temporary defensive periods, the
Fund may be less likely to achieve its secondary investment objective of income.
Lower Grade Securities. The Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in fixed income
securities rated below investment grade by recognized statistical rating agencies or unrated
securities of comparable quality. These securities, which may be preferred stock or debt, are
predominantly speculative and involve major risk exposure to adverse conditions. Debt securities
that are not rated or that are rated lower than BBB by S&P or lower than Baa by Moodys are
referred to in the financial press as junk bonds.
Generally, such lower grade securities and unrated securities of comparable quality offer a
higher current yield than is offered by higher rated securities, but also (i) will likely have some
quality and protective characteristics that, in the judgment of the rating organizations, are
outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions and (ii) are
predominantly speculative with respect to the issuers capacity to pay interest and repay principal
in accordance with the terms of the obligation. The market values of certain of these securities
also tend to be more sensitive to individual corporate developments and changes in economic
conditions than higher quality securities. In addition, such securities generally present a higher
degree of credit risk. The risk of loss due to default by these issuers is significantly greater
because such lower grade securities and unrated securities of comparable quality generally are
unsecured and frequently are subordinated to the prior payment of senior indebtedness. In light of
these risks, the Investment Adviser, in evaluating the creditworthiness of an issue, whether rated
or unrated, will take various factors into consideration, which may include, as applicable, the
issuers operating history, financial resources and its sensitivity to economic conditions and
trends, the market support for the facility financed by the issue, the perceived ability and
integrity of the issuers management and regulatory matters.
In addition, the market value of securities in lower rated categories is more volatile than
that of higher quality securities, and the markets in which such lower rated or unrated securities
are traded are more limited than those in which higher rated securities are traded. The existence
of limited markets may make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain accurate market quotations for
purposes of valuing its portfolio and calculating its net asset value. Moreover, the lack of a
liquid trading market may restrict the availability of securities for the Fund to purchase and may
also have the effect of limiting the ability of the Fund to sell securities at their fair value in
response to changes in the economy or the financial markets.
Lower grade securities also present risks based on payment expectations. If an issuer calls
the obligation for redemption (often a feature of fixed income securities), the Fund may have to
replace the security with a lower yielding security, resulting in a decreased return for investors.
Also, as the principal value of nonconvertible bonds and preferred stocks moves inversely with
18
movements in interest rates, in the event of rising interest rates, the value of the
securities held by the Fund may decline proportionately more than a portfolio consisting of higher
rated securities. Investments in zero coupon bonds may be more speculative and subject to greater
fluctuations in value due to changes in interest rates than bonds that pay regular income streams.
As part of its investment in lower grade securities, the Fund may invest in securities of
issuers in default. The Fund will make an investment in securities of issuers in default only when
the Investment Adviser believes that such issuers will honor their obligations or emerge from
bankruptcy protection under a plan pursuant to which the securities received by the Fund in
exchange for its defaulted securities will have a value in excess of the Funds investment. By
investing in securities of issuers in default, the Fund bears the risk that these issuers will not
continue to honor their obligations or emerge from bankruptcy protection or that the value of the
securities will not otherwise appreciate.
In addition to using recognized rating agencies and other sources, the Investment Adviser also
performs its own analysis of issues in seeking investments that it believes to be underrated (and
thus higher yielding) in light of the financial condition of the issuer. Its analysis of issuers
may include, among other things, current and anticipated cash flow and borrowing requirements,
value of assets in relation to historical cost, strength of management, responsiveness to business
conditions, credit standing, and current anticipated results of operations. In selecting
investments for the Fund, the Investment Adviser may also consider general business conditions,
anticipated changes in interest rates, and the outlook for specific industries.
Subsequent to its purchase by the Fund, an issue of securities may cease to be rated or its
rating may be reduced. In addition, it is possible that statistical rating agencies may change
their ratings of a particular issue to reflect subsequent events. Moreover, such ratings do not
assess the risk of a decline in market value. None of these events will require the sale of the
securities by the Fund, although the Investment Adviser will consider these events in determining
whether the Fund should continue to hold the securities.
The market for lower grade and comparable unrated securities has experienced several periods
of significantly adverse price and liquidity, particularly at or around times of economic
recessions. Past market recessions have adversely affected the value of such securities as well as
the ability of certain issuers of such securities to repay principal and pay interest thereon or to
refinance such securities. The market for those securities may react in a similar fashion in the
future.
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures. On behalf of the Fund, the Investment Adviser may,
subject to the Funds investment restrictions and guidelines of the Board, purchase and sell
financial futures contracts and options thereon which are traded on a commodities exchange or board
of trade for certain hedging, yield enhancement and risk management purposes. These futures
contracts and related options may be on debt securities, financial indices, securities indices,
United States government securities and foreign currencies. A financial futures contract is an
agreement to purchase or sell an agreed amount of securities or currencies at a set price for
delivery in the future.
The Investment Adviser has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term commodity
pool operator under the Commodity Exchange Act and therefore is not subject to the registration
requirements under the Commodity Exchange Act. Accordingly, the Funds
19
investments in derivative instruments are not limited by or subject to regulation under the
Commodity Exchange Act or otherwise regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.
Nevertheless, the Funds investment restrictions place certain limitations and prohibitions on its
ability to purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts. In addition, investment in futures
contracts and related options generally will be limited by the rating agency guidelines applicable
to any of the Funds outstanding preferred stock.
Forward Currency Exchange Contracts. Subject to guidelines of the Board, the Fund may enter
into forward foreign currency exchange contracts to protect the value of its portfolio against
future changes in the level of currency exchange rates. The Fund may enter into such contracts on a
spot (i.e., cash) basis at the rate then prevailing in the currency exchange market or on a
forward basis, by entering into a forward contract to purchase or sell currency. A forward contract
on foreign currency is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date,
which may be any fixed number of days agreed upon by the parties from the date of the contract at a
price set on the date of the contract. The Funds dealings in forward contracts generally will be
limited to hedging involving either specific transactions or portfolio positions. The Fund does not
have an independent limitation on its investments in foreign currency futures contracts and options
on foreign currency futures contracts.
Repurchase Agreements. The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with banks and non-bank
dealers of United States government securities which are listed as reporting dealers of the Federal
Reserve Bank and which furnish collateral at least equal in value or market price to the amount of
their repurchase obligation. In a repurchase agreement, the Fund purchases a debt security from a
seller who undertakes to repurchase the security at a specified resale price on an agreed future
date. Repurchase agreements are generally for one business day and generally will not have a
duration of longer than one week. The Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) has taken the
position that, in economic reality, a repurchase agreement is a loan by a fund to the other party
to the transaction secured by securities transferred to the fund. The resale price generally
exceeds the purchase price by an amount which reflects an agreed upon market interest rate for the
term of the repurchase agreement. The Funds risk is primarily that, if the seller defaults, the
proceeds from the disposition of the underlying securities and other collateral for the sellers
obligation may be less than the repurchase price. If the seller becomes insolvent, the Fund might
be delayed in or prevented from selling the collateral. In the event of a default or bankruptcy by
a seller, the Fund will promptly seek to liquidate the collateral. To the extent that the proceeds
from any sale of the collateral upon a default in the obligation to repurchase is less than the
repurchase price, the Fund will experience a loss. If the financial institution that is a party to
the repurchase agreement petitions for bankruptcy or becomes subject to the United States
Bankruptcy Code, the law regarding the rights of the Fund is unsettled. As a result, under extreme
circumstances, there may be a restriction on the Funds ability to sell the collateral and the Fund
could suffer a loss.
Loans of Portfolio Securities. To increase income, the Fund may lend its portfolio securities
to securities broker-dealers or financial institutions if (i) the loan is collateralized in
accordance with applicable regulatory requirements and (ii) no loan will cause the value of all
loaned securities to exceed 20% of the value of its total assets. If the borrower fails to maintain
the requisite amount of collateral, the loan automatically terminates and the Fund could use the
collateral to replace the securities while holding the borrower liable for any excess of
replacement cost over the value of the collateral. As with any extension of credit, there are risks
20
of delay in recovery and in some cases even loss of rights in collateral should the borrower
of the securities fail financially.
While these loans of portfolio securities will be made in accordance with guidelines approved
by the Funds Board, there can be no assurance that borrowers will not fail financially. On
termination of the loan, the borrower is required to return the securities to the Fund, and any
gain or loss in the market price during the loan would inure to the Fund. If the counterparty to
the loan petitions for bankruptcy or becomes subject to the United States Bankruptcy Code, the law
regarding the Funds rights is unsettled. As a result, under these circumstances, there may be a
restriction on the Funds ability to sell the collateral and it would suffer a loss.
Borrowing. The Fund may borrow money in accordance with its investment restrictions,
including as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes. It may not borrow for
investment purposes.
Leveraging. As provided in the 1940 Act, and subject to compliance with the Funds investment
limitations, the Fund may issue senior securities representing stock, such as preferred stock, so
long as immediately following such issuance of stock, its total assets exceed 200% of the amount of
such stock. The use of leverage magnifies the impact of changes in net asset value. For example, a
fund that uses 33% leverage will show a 1.5% increase or decline in net asset value for each 1%
increase or decline in the value of its total assets. In addition, if the cost of leverage exceeds
the return on the securities acquired with the proceeds of leverage, the use of leverage will
diminish, rather than enhance, the return to the Fund. The use of leverage generally increases the
volatility of returns to the Fund.
Further information on the investment objectives and policies of the Fund is set forth in the
SAI.
Investment Restrictions. The Fund has adopted certain investment restrictions as fundamental
policies of the Fund. Under the 1940 Act, a fundamental policy may not be changed without the vote
of a majority, as defined in the 1940 Act, of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund (voting
together as a single class). In addition, pursuant to the Funds Articles Supplementary of each
series of preferred stock, a majority, as defined in the 1940 Act, of the outstanding preferred
stock of the Fund (voting separately as a single class) is also required to change a fundamental
policy, as defined in the 1940 Act. The Funds investment restrictions are more fully discussed
under Investment Restrictions in the SAI.
Portfolio Turnover. The Fund does not engage in the trading of securities for the purpose of
realizing short-term profits, but adjusts its portfolio as it deems advisable in view of prevailing
or anticipated market conditions to accomplish its investment objectives. A high rate of portfolio
turnover involves correspondingly greater brokerage commission expenses than a lower rate, and such
expenses must be borne by the Fund and its shareholders. High portfolio turnover may also result in
the realization of substantial net short-term capital gains and any distributions resulting from
such gains will be taxable at ordinary income rates for United States federal income tax purposes.
The Funds portfolio turnover rates for the fiscal years ended
December 31, 2006 and 2007 were
29.5% and 17.2%, respectively. The portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of
sales or purchases of portfolio securities by the average monthly value of a funds portfolio
securities. For purposes of this calculation, portfolio securities exclude purchases and sales of
debt securities having a maturity at the date of purchase of one year or less.
21
RISK FACTORS AND SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
Investors should consider the following risk factors and special considerations associated
with investing in the Fund:
Leverage Risk
The Fund uses financial leverage for investment purposes by issuing preferred stock. As of
December 31, 2007, the amount of leverage represented approximately 20% of the Funds total assets.
The Series C Auction Rate Preferred, Series D Preferred, Series E Auction Rate Preferred and Series
F Preferred have the same seniority with respect to distributions and liquidation preference.
Preferred stock has seniority over common stock.
The Funds use of leverage, which can be described as exposure to changes in price at a ratio
greater than the amount of equity invested, either through the issuance of preferred stock or other
forms of market exposure, magnifies both the favorable and unfavorable effects of price movements
in the investments made by the Fund. The Funds leveraged capital structure creates special risks
not associated with unleveraged funds having similar investment objectives and policies. The Fund
cannot assure that the issuance of preferred stock will result in a higher yield or return to the
holders of the common stock.
|
|
|
Preferred Stock Risk. The issuance of preferred stock causes the net asset value
and market value of the common stock to become more volatile. If the dividend rate
on the preferred stock approaches the net rate of return on the Funds investment
portfolio, the benefit of leverage to the holders of the common stock would be
reduced. If the dividend rate on the preferred stock plus the management fee annual rate of 1.00% (as applicable) exceeds the net rate of return
on the Funds portfolio, the leverage will result in a lower rate of return to the
holders of common stock than if the Fund had not issued preferred stock. |
|
|
|
|
Any decline in the net asset value of the Funds investments would be borne entirely
by the holders of common stock. Therefore, if the market value of the Funds
portfolio declines, the leverage will result in a greater decrease in net asset value
to the holders of common stock than if the Fund were not leveraged. This greater net
asset value decrease will also tend to cause a greater decline in the market price
for the common stock. The Fund might be in danger of failing to maintain the required
asset coverage of the preferred stock or of losing its ratings on the preferred stock
or, in an extreme case, the Funds current investment income might not be sufficient
to meet the dividend requirements on the preferred stock. In order to counteract such
an event, the Fund might need to liquidate investments in order to fund a redemption
of some or all of the preferred stock. |
|
|
|
|
In addition, the Fund would pay (and the holders of common stock will bear) all costs
and expenses relating to the issuance and ongoing maintenance of the
preferred shares, including the advisory fees on the incremental
assets attributable to such shares. |
|
|
|
|
|
Holders of preferred stock may have different interests than holders of common stock
and may at times have disproportionate influence over the Funds affairs. Holders of
preferred stock, voting separately as a single class, would have the right to elect
two members of the Board at all times and in the event dividends become
two full years in arrears would have the right to elect a majority |
|
22
|
|
|
of the Directors until such arrearage is completely eliminated. In addition,
preferred shareholders have class voting rights on certain matters, including changes
in fundamental investment restrictions and conversion of the fund to open-end status,
and accordingly can veto any such changes. |
|
|
|
|
Restrictions imposed on the declarations and payment of dividends or other
distributions to the holders of the Funds common stock and preferred stock, both by
the 1940 Act and by requirements imposed by rating agencies, might impair the Funds
ability to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company for federal
income tax purposes. While the Fund intends to redeem its preferred stock to the
extent necessary to enable the Fund to distribute its income as required to maintain
its qualification as a regulated investment company under the Code, there can be no
assurance that such actions can be effected in time to meet the Code requirements. |
|
|
|
|
Portfolio Guidelines of Rating Agencies for Preferred Stock and/or Credit
Facility. In order to obtain and maintain attractive credit quality ratings for
preferred stock, the Fund must comply with investment quality, diversification and
other guidelines established by the relevant rating agencies. These guidelines could
affect portfolio decisions and may be more stringent than those imposed by the 1940
Act. |
23
Special Risks to Holders of Fixed Rate Preferred Stock
Illiquidity Prior to Exchange Listing. Prior to the offering, there will be no public market
for any additional series of Fixed Rate Preferred Stock. In the event any additional series of
Fixed Rate Preferred Stock are issued, prior application will have been made to list such shares on
a national securities exchange, which will likely be the NYSE. However, during an initial period,
which is not expected to exceed 30 days after the date of its initial issuance, such shares may not
be listed on any securities exchange. During such period, the underwriters may make a market in
such shares, though, they will have no obligation to do so. Consequently, an investment in such
shares may be illiquid during such period.
Market Price Fluctuation. Shares of Fixed Rate Preferred Stock may trade at a premium to or
discount from liquidation value for various reasons, including changes in interest rates.
Special Risks for Holders of Variable Rate Preferred Stock
Auction Risk. You may not be able to sell your Variable Rate Preferred Stock at an auction if
the auction fails, i.e., if more Variable Rate Preferred Stock is offered for sale than there are
buyers for those shares. Also, if you place an order (a hold order) at an auction to retain
Variable Rate Preferred Stock only at a specified rate that exceeds the rate set at the auction,
you will not retain your Variable Rate Preferred Stock. Additionally, if you place a hold order
without specifying a rate below which you would not wish to continue to hold your shares and the
auction sets a below-market rate, you will receive a lower rate of return on your shares than the
market rate. Finally, the dividend period may be changed, subject to certain conditions and with
notice to the holders of the Variable Rate Preferred Stock, which could also affect the liquidity
of your investment.
Secondary Market Risk. If you try to sell your Variable Rate Preferred Stock between auctions,
you may not be able to sell them for their liquidation preference per share or such amount per
share plus accumulated dividends. If the Fund has designated a special dividend period of more than
seven days, changes in interest rates could affect the price you would receive if you sold your
shares in the secondary market. Broker-dealers that maintain a secondary trading market for the
Variable Rate Preferred Stock are not required to maintain this market, and the Fund is not
required to redeem Variable Rate Preferred Stock if either an auction or an attempted secondary
market sale fails because of a lack of buyers. The Variable Rate Preferred Stock will
24
not be registered on a stock exchange. If you sell your Variable Rate Preferred Stock to a
broker-dealer between auctions, you may receive less than the price you paid for them, especially
when market interest rates have risen since the last auction or during a special dividend period.
Common Stock Distribution Policy Risk
The Fund has adopted a policy, which may be changed at any time by the Board, of paying a
minimum annual distribution of 10% of the average net asset value of the Fund to common
shareholders. In the event the Fund does not generate a total return from dividends and interest
received and net realized capital gains in an amount equal to or in excess of its stated
distribution in a given year, the Fund may return capital as part of such distribution, which may
have the effect of decreasing the asset coverage per share with respect to the Funds preferred
stock. Any return of capital should not be considered by investors as yield or total return on
their investment in the Fund. For the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2007, the Fund made
distributions of $1.32 per share of common stock, of which
$0.63543 per share was deemed a return of capital.
The total 2007 distributions of $1.32 per
common share consisted of $0.90 per share in the form of cash
distributions and $0.42 per share in the form of shares of The
Gabelli Healthcare & WellnessRX
Trust. The Fund has made quarterly distributions with respect to
its common stock since 1987. A portion of
the distributions to common shareholders during ten of the twenty-one
fiscal years since the Funds
inception has constituted a return of capital. The composition of each distribution is estimated
based on the earnings of the Fund as of the record date for each distribution. The actual
composition of each of the current years distributions will be based on the Funds investment
activity through the end of the calendar year.
Value Investing Risk
The Fund invests in dividend-paying common and preferred stocks that the Investment Adviser
believes are undervalued or inexpensive relative to other investments. These types of securities
may present risks in addition to the general risks associated with investing in common and
preferred stocks. These securities generally are selected on the basis of an issuers fundamentals
relative to current market price. Such securities are subject to the risk of mis-estimation of
certain fundamental factors. In addition, during certain time periods market dynamics may strongly
favor growth stocks of issuers that do not display strong fundamentals relative to market price
based upon positive price momentum and other factors. Disciplined adherence to a value investment
mandate during such periods can result in significant underperformance relative to overall market
indices and other managed investment vehicles that pursue growth style investments and/or flexible
equity style mandates.
Non-Diversified Status
The Fund is classified as a non-diversified investment company under the 1940 Act, which
means it is not limited by the 1940 Act in the proportion of its assets that may be invested in the
securities of a single issuer. As a non-diversified investment company, the Fund may invest in the
securities of individual issuers to a greater degree than a diversified investment company. As a
result, the Fund may be more vulnerable to events affecting a single issuer and therefore subject
to greater volatility than a fund that is more broadly diversified. Accordingly, an investment in
the Fund may present greater risk to an investor than an investment in a diversified company. To
qualify as a regulated investment company, or RIC, for purposes of the Code, the Fund has in
the past conducted and intends to conduct its operations in a manner that will relieve it of any
liability for federal income tax to the extent its earnings are distributed to shareholders. To so
qualify as a regulated investment company, among other requirements, the Fund will limit its
investments so that, at the close of each quarter of the taxable year:
25
|
|
|
not more than 25% of the market value of its total assets will be invested in the
securities (other than United States government securities or the securities of other
RICs) of a single issuer, any two or more issuers in which the fund owns 20% or more of
the voting securities and which are determined to be engaged in the same, similar or
related trades or businesses or in the securities of one or more qualified publicly
traded partnerships (as defined in the Code); and |
|
|
|
|
at least 50% of the market value of the Funds assets will be represented by cash,
securities of other regulated investment companies, United States government securities
and other securities, with such other securities limited in respect of any one issuer
to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the its assets and not more than 10%
of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer. |
Market Value and Net Asset Value
The Fund is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. Shares of closed-end
funds are bought and sold in the securities markets and may trade at either a premium to or
discount from net asset value. Listed shares of closed-end investment companies often trade at
discounts from net asset value. This characteristic of shares of a closed-end fund is a risk
separate and distinct from the risk that its net asset value may decrease. The Fund cannot predict
whether its listed stock will trade at, below or above net asset value. Since inception, the Funds
shares of common stock have traded at both premiums to and discounts from net asset value. As of
December 31, 2007, the shares traded at a premium of 0.65%. Shareholders desiring liquidity may,
subject to applicable securities laws, trade their Fund shares on the NYSE or other markets on
which such shares may trade at the then-current market value, which may differ from the
then-current net asset value. Shareholders will incur brokerage or other transaction costs to sell
stock.
Industry Concentration Risk
The Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in securities of a single industry. Should
the Fund choose to do so, the net asset value of the Fund will be more susceptible to factors
affecting those particular types of companies, which, depending on the particular industry, may
include, among others: governmental regulation; inflation; cost increases in raw materials, fuel
and other operating expenses; technological innovations that may render existing products and
equipment obsolete; and increasing interest rates resulting in high interest costs on borrowings
needed for capital investment, including costs associated with compliance with environmental and
other regulations. In such circumstances, the Funds investments may be subject to greater risk and
market fluctuation than a fund that had securities representing a broader range of industries.
Special Risks Related to Preferred Securities
There are special risks associated with the Funds investing in preferred securities,
including:
|
|
|
Deferral. Preferred securities may include provisions that permit the issuer, at
its discretion, to defer dividends or distributions for a stated period without any
adverse consequences to the issuer. If the Fund owns a preferred security that is
deferring its dividends or distributions, the Fund may be required to report income for
tax purposes although it has not yet received such income. |
26
|
|
|
Non-Cumulative Dividends. Some preferred securities are non-cumulative, meaning
that the dividends do not accumulate and need not ever be paid. A portion of the
portfolio may include investments in non-cumulative preferred securities, whereby the
issuer does not have an obligation to make up any arrearages to its shareholders.
Should an issuer of a non-cumulative preferred security held by the Fund determine not
to pay dividends or distributions on such security, the Funds return from that
security may be adversely affected. There is no assurance that dividends or
distributions on non-cumulative preferred securities in which the Fund invests will be
declared or otherwise made payable. |
|
|
|
|
Subordination. Preferred securities are subordinated to bonds and other debt
instruments in an issuers capital structure in terms of priority to corporate income
and liquidation payments, and therefore will be subject to greater credit risk than
more senior debt security instruments. |
|
|
|
|
Liquidity. Preferred securities may be substantially less liquid than many other
securities, such as common stocks or U.S. government securities. |
|
|
|
|
Limited Voting Rights. Generally, preferred security holders (such as the Fund)
have no voting rights with respect to the issuing company unless preferred dividends
have been in arrears for a specified number of periods, at which time the preferred
security holders may be entitled to elect a number of directors to the issuers board.
Generally, once all the arrearages have been paid, the preferred security holders no
longer have voting rights. |
|
|
|
|
Special Redemption Rights. In certain varying circumstances, an issuer of preferred
securities may redeem the securities prior to a specified date. For instance, for
certain types of preferred securities, a redemption may be triggered by a change in
federal income tax or securities laws. A redemption by the issuer may negatively impact
the return of the security held by the Fund. |
Market Disruption Risk
Certain events have a disruptive effect on the securities markets, such as terrorist attacks,
war and other geopolitical events. The Fund cannot predict the effects of similar events in the
future on the U.S. economy. Lower rated securities and securities of issuers with smaller market
capitalizations tend to be more volatile than higher rated securities and securities of issuers
with larger market capitalizations so that these events and any actions resulting from them may
have a greater impact on the prices and volatility of lower rated securities and securities of
issuers with smaller market capitalizations than on higher rated securities and securities of
issuers with larger market capitalizations.
Interest Rate Transactions
The Fund may enter into interest rate swap or cap transactions in relation to all or a portion
of its Variable Rate Preferred Stock in order to manage the impact on its portfolio of changes in
the dividend rate of such stock. Through these transactions the Fund may, for example, obtain the
equivalent of a fixed rate for such Variable Rate Preferred Stock that is lower than the Fund would
have to pay if it issued Fixed Rate Preferred Stock. The use of interest rate swaps and caps is a
highly specialized activity that involves certain risks to the Fund
27
including, among others, counterparty risk and early termination risk. See How the Fund
Manages RiskInterest Rate Transactions.
Foreign Securities
The Fund may invest up to 35% of its total assets in securities of foreign issuers, determined
at the time of purchase. Investments in the securities of foreign issuers involve certain
considerations and risks not ordinarily associated with investments in securities of domestic
issuers. Foreign companies are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial
standards and requirements comparable to those applicable to United States companies. Foreign
securities exchanges, brokers and listed companies may be subject to less government supervision
and regulation than exists in the United States. Dividend and interest income may be subject to
withholding and other foreign taxes, which may adversely affect the net return on such investments.
There may be difficulty in obtaining or enforcing a court judgment abroad. In addition, it may be
difficult to effect repatriation of capital invested in certain countries. In addition, with
respect to certain countries, there are risks of expropriation, confiscatory taxation, political or
social instability or diplomatic developments that could affect assets of the Fund held in foreign
countries. Dividend income that the Fund receives from foreign securities may not be eligible for
the special tax treatment applicable to qualified dividend income.
There may be less publicly available information about a foreign company than a United States
company. Foreign securities markets may have substantially less volume than United States
securities markets and some foreign company securities are less liquid than securities of otherwise
comparable United States companies. A portfolio of foreign securities may also be adversely
affected by fluctuations in the rates of exchange between the currencies of different nations and
by exchange control regulations. Foreign markets also have different clearance and settlement
procedures that could cause the Fund to encounter difficulties in purchasing and selling securities
on such markets and may result in the Fund missing attractive investment opportunities or
experiencing loss. In addition, a portfolio that includes foreign securities can expect to have a
higher expense ratio because of the increased transaction costs on non-United States securities
markets and the increased costs of maintaining the custody of foreign securities.
The Fund also may purchase sponsored American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) or United States
dollar denominated securities of foreign issuers. ADRs are receipts issued by United States banks
or trust companies in respect of securities of foreign issuers held on deposit for use in the
United States securities markets. While ADRs may not necessarily be denominated in the same
currency as the securities into which they may be converted, many of the risks associated with
foreign securities may also apply to ADRs. In addition, the underlying issuers of certain
depositary receipts, particularly unsponsored or unregistered depositary receipts, are under no
obligation to distribute shareholder communications to the holders of such receipts, or to pass
through to them any voting rights with respect to the deposited securities.
Smaller Companies
The Fund may invest in smaller companies that may benefit from the development of new products
and services. These smaller companies may present greater opportunities for capital appreciation,
and may also involve greater investment risk than larger, more established companies. For example,
smaller companies may have more limited product lines, market or financial resources and their
securities may trade less frequently and in lower volume than the
28
securities of larger, more established companies. As a result, the prices of the securities of such
smaller companies may fluctuate to a greater degree than the prices of securities of other issuers.
Investment Companies
The Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies to the extent permitted by
law. To the extent the Fund invests in the common equity of investment companies, the Fund will
bear its ratable share of any such investment companys expenses, including management fees. The
Fund will also remain obligated to pay management fees to the Investment Adviser with respect to
the assets invested in the securities of other investment companies. In these circumstances holders
of the Funds common stock will be subject to duplicative investment expenses.
Lower Grade Securities
The Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in fixed income securities rated below
investment grade by recognized statistical rating agencies or unrated securities of comparable
quality. These securities, which may be preferred stock or debt, are predominantly speculative and
involve major risk exposure to adverse conditions. Debt securities that are not rated or that are
rated lower than BBB by S&P or lower than Baa by Moodys are referred to in the financial press
as junk bonds. Such securities are subject to greater risks than investment grade securities,
which reflect their speculative character, including the following:
|
|
|
greater volatility; |
|
|
|
|
greater credit risk; |
|
|
|
|
potentially greater sensitivity to general economic or industry conditions; |
|
|
|
|
potential lack of attractive resale opportunities (illiquidity); and |
|
|
|
|
additional expenses to seek recovery from issuers who default. |
Fixed income securities purchased by the Fund may be rated as low as C by Moodys or D by S&P
or may be unrated securities considered to be of equivalent quality. Securities that are rated C by
Moodys are the lowest rated class and can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever
obtaining investment-grade standing. Debt rated D by S&P is in default or is expected to default
upon maturity of payment date.
The market value of lower rated securities may be more volatile than the market value of
higher rated securities and generally tends to reflect the markets perception of the
creditworthiness of the issuer and short-term market developments to a greater extent than more
highly rated securities, which primarily reflect fluctuations in general levels of interest rates.
Ratings are relative and subjective, and are not absolute standards of quality. Securities
ratings are based largely on the issuers historical financial condition and the rating agencies
analysis at the time of rating. Consequently, the rating assigned to any particular security is not
necessarily a reflection of the issuers current financial condition.
As part of its investment in lower grade securities, the Fund may invest in securities of
issuers in default. The Fund will make an investment in securities of issuers in default only when
the Investment Adviser believes that such issuers will honor their obligations or emerge from
bankruptcy protection under a plan pursuant to which the securities received by the Fund in
exchange for its defaulted securities will have a value in excess of the Funds investment. By
29
investing in securities of issuers in default, the Fund bears the risk that these issuers will
not continue to honor their obligations or emerge from bankruptcy protection or that the value of
the securities will not otherwise appreciate.
Special Risks of Derivative Transactions
Participation in the options or futures markets and in currency exchange transactions involves
investment risks and transaction costs to which the Fund would not be subject absent the use of
these strategies. If the Investment Advisers prediction of movements in the direction of the
securities, foreign currency and interest rate markets are inaccurate, the consequences to the Fund
may leave it in a worse position than if such strategies were not used. Risks inherent in the use
of options, foreign currency, futures contracts and options on futures contracts, securities
indices and foreign currencies include:
|
|
|
dependence on the Investment Advisers ability to predict correctly movements in the
direction of interest rates, securities prices and currency markets; |
|
|
|
|
imperfect correlation between the price of options and futures contracts and options
thereon and movements in the prices of the securities or currencies being hedged; |
|
|
|
|
the fact that skills needed to use these strategies are different from those needed
to select portfolio securities; |
|
|
|
|
the possible absence of a liquid secondary market for any particular instrument at
any time; |
|
|
|
|
the possible need to defer closing out certain hedged positions to avoid adverse tax
consequences; and |
|
|
|
|
the possible inability of the Fund to purchase or sell a security at a time that
otherwise would be favorable for it to do so, or the possible need for the Fund to sell
a security at a disadvantageous time due to a need for the Fund to maintain cover or
to segregate securities in connection with the hedging techniques. |
Futures Transactions
Futures and options on futures entail certain risks, including but not limited to the
following:
|
|
|
no assurance that futures contracts or options on futures can be offset at favorable
prices; |
|
|
|
|
possible reduction of the yield of the Fund due to the use of hedging; |
|
|
|
|
possible reduction in value of both the securities hedged and the hedging
instrument; |
|
|
|
|
possible lack of liquidity due to daily limits or price fluctuations; |
|
|
|
|
imperfect correlation between the contracts and the securities being hedged; and |
|
|
|
|
losses from investing in futures transactions that are potentially unlimited and the
segregation requirements for such transactions. |
For a further description, see Investment Objectives and PoliciesInvestment Practices in
the SAI.
30
Forward Currency Exchange Contracts
The use of forward currency exchange contracts may involve certain risks, including the
failure of the counterparty to perform its obligations under the contract and that the use of
forward contracts may not serve as a complete hedge because of an imperfect correlation between
movements in the prices of the contracts and the prices of the currencies hedged or used for cover.
For a further description of such investments, see Investment Objectives and PoliciesInvestment
Practices in the SAI.
Counterparty Risk
The Fund will be subject to credit risk with respect to the counterparties to the derivative
contracts purchased by the Fund. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform
its obligations under a derivative contract due to financial difficulties, the Fund may experience
significant delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative contract in bankruptcy or other
reorganization proceeding. The Fund may obtain only a limited recovery or may obtain no recovery in
such circumstances.
Loans of Portfolio Securities
Consistent with applicable regulatory requirements and the Funds investment restrictions, the
Fund may lend its portfolio securities to securities broker-dealers or financial institutions,
provided that such loans are callable at any time by the Fund (subject to notice provisions
described in the SAI) and are at all times secured by cash or cash equivalents, which are
maintained in a segregated account pursuant to applicable regulations and that are at least equal
to the market value, determined daily, of the loaned securities. The advantage of such loans is
that the Fund continues to receive the income on the loaned securities while at the same time
earning interest on the cash amounts deposited as collateral, which will be invested in short-term
obligations. The Fund will not lend its portfolio securities if such loans are not permitted by the
laws or regulations of any state in which its shares are qualified for sale. The Funds loans of
portfolio securities will be collateralized in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements.
For a further description of such loans of portfolio securities, see Investment Objectives
and PoliciesCertain Investment PracticesLoans of Portfolio Securities.
Management Risk
The Fund is subject to management risk because it is an actively managed portfolio. The
Investment Adviser will apply investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment
decisions for the Fund, but there can be no guarantee that these will produce the desired results.
Dependence on Key Personnel
Mario J. Gabelli serves as the Funds portfolio manager. The Investment Adviser is dependent
upon the expertise of Mr. Mario J. Gabelli in providing advisory services with respect to the
Funds investments. If the Investment Adviser were to lose the services of Mr. Gabelli, its ability
to service the Fund could be adversely affected. There can be no assurance that a suitable
replacement could be found for Mr. Gabelli in the event of his death, resignation, retirement or
inability to act on behalf of the Investment Adviser.
Anti-Takeover Provisions of the Funds Governing Documents
31
The Funds Governing Documents include provisions that could limit the ability of other
entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or convert the Fund to an open-end fund. See
Anti-Takeover Provisions of the Funds Governing Documents.
Status as a Regulated Investment Company
The Fund has qualified, and intends to remain qualified, for federal income tax purposes as a
regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. Qualification requires, among other
things, compliance by the Fund with certain distribution requirements. Statutory limitations on
distributions on the common stock if the Fund fails to satisfy the 1940 Acts asset coverage
requirements could jeopardize the Funds ability to meet such distribution requirements. The Fund
presently intends, however, to purchase or redeem preferred stock to the extent necessary in order
to maintain compliance with such asset coverage requirements. See Taxation for a more complete
discussion of these and other federal income tax considerations.
HOW THE FUND MANAGES RISK
Investment Restrictions
The Fund has adopted certain investment limitations, some of which are fundamental policies of
the Fund, designed to limit investment risk and maintain portfolio diversification. Under the 1940
Act, a fundamental policy may not be changed without the vote of a majority, as defined in the 1940
Act, of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund (voting together as a single class). In
addition, pursuant to the Articles Supplementary of each of the series of preferred stock, a
majority, as defined in the 1940 Act, of the outstanding shares of preferred stock of the Fund
(voting separately as a single class) is also required to change a fundamental policy. The Fund may
become subject to guidelines that are more limiting than its current investment restrictions in
order to obtain and maintain ratings from Moodys and S&P on its preferred stock.
Interest Rate Transactions
The Fund may enter into interest rate swap or cap transactions in relation to all or a portion
of its Variable Rate Preferred Stock in order to manage the impact on its portfolio of changes in
the dividend rate of such stock. Through these transactions, the Fund may, for example, obtain the
equivalent of a fixed rate for such Variable Rate Preferred Stock that is lower than the Fund would
have to pay if it issued Fixed Rate Preferred Stock.
The use of interest rate swaps and caps is a highly specialized activity that involves
investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security
transactions. In an interest rate swap, the Fund would agree to pay to the other party to the
interest rate swap (which is known as the counterparty) periodically a fixed rate payment in
exchange for the counterparty agreeing to pay to the Fund periodically a variable rate payment that
is intended to approximate the Funds variable rate payment obligation on its Variable Rate
Preferred Stock. In an interest rate cap, the Fund would pay a premium to the counterparty to the
interest rate cap and, to the extent that a specified variable rate index exceeds a predetermined
fixed rate, would receive from the counterparty payments of the difference based on the notional
amount of such cap. Interest rate swap and cap transactions introduce additional risk because the
32
Fund would remain obligated to pay preferred stock dividends or distributions when due in
accordance with the Articles Supplementary of the relevant series of the Variable Rate Preferred
Stock even if the counterparty defaulted. Depending on the general state of short-term interest
rates and the returns on the Funds portfolio securities at that point in time, such a default
could negatively affect the Funds ability to make dividend or distribution payments on the
Variable Rate Preferred Stock. In addition, at the time an interest rate swap or cap transaction
reaches its scheduled termination date, there is a risk that the Fund will not be able to obtain a
replacement transaction or that the terms of the replacement will not be as favorable as on the
expiring transaction. If this occurs, it could have a negative impact on the Funds ability to make
dividend or distribution payments on the Variable Rate Preferred Stock. To the extent there is a
decline in interest rates, the value of the interest rate swap or cap could decline, resulting in a
decline in the asset coverage for the Variable Rate Preferred Stock. A sudden and dramatic decline
in interest rates may result in a significant decline in the asset coverage. Under the Articles
Supplementary for each series of the preferred stock, if the Fund fails to maintain the required
asset coverage on the outstanding preferred stock or fails to comply with other covenants, the Fund
may be required to redeem some or all of these shares. The Fund generally may redeem any series of
Variable Rate Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at its option at any time (usually on a
dividend or distribution payment date), other than during a non-call period. Such redemption would
likely result in the Fund seeking to terminate early all or a portion of any swap or cap
transactions. Early termination of a swap could result in a termination payment by the Fund to the
counterparty, while early termination of a cap could result in a termination payment to the Fund.
The Fund will usually enter into swaps or caps on a net basis; that is, the two payment
streams will be netted out in a cash settlement on the payment date or dates specified in the
instrument, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two
payments. The Fund intends to segregate cash or liquid securities having a value at least equal to
the value of the Funds net payment obligations under any swap transaction, marked to market daily.
The Fund will monitor any such swap with a view to ensuring that the Fund remains in compliance
with all applicable regulatory investment policy and tax requirements.
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
General
The Board (who, with its officers, are described in the SAI) has overall responsibility for
the management of the Fund. The Board decides upon matters of general policy and reviews the
actions of the Investment Adviser.
The Investment Adviser
Gabelli Funds, LLC, located at One Corporate Center, Rye, New York 10580-1422, serves as the
investment adviser to the Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement (described below in
Advisory Agreement). The Investment Adviser was organized in 1999 and is the successor to
Gabelli Funds, Inc., which was organized in 1980. As of September 30, 2007, the Investment Adviser acted
as registered investment adviser to 24 management investment companies with aggregate net assets of
$16.9 billion. The Investment Adviser, together with other affiliated investment advisers, had
assets under management totaling approximately $31.6
33
billion as of September 30, 2007. GAMCO Asset Management Inc., an affiliate of the Investment
Adviser, acts as investment adviser for individuals, pension trusts, profit sharing trusts and
endowments, and as a sub-adviser to management investment companies having aggregate assets of
$13.8 billion under management as of September 30, 2007. Gabelli Securities, Inc., an affiliate of the
Investment Adviser, acts as investment adviser for investment partnerships and entities having
aggregate assets of approximately $491 million under management as of September 30, 2007. Gabelli Fixed
Income LLC, an affiliate of the Investment Adviser, acts as investment adviser for separate
accounts having aggregate assets of approximately $27 million under management as of September 30, 2007.
Gabelli Advisers, Inc., an affiliate of the Investment Adviser, acts as investment manager to the
Westwood Funds having aggregate assets of approximately $443 million under management as of September
30, 2007.
The Investment Adviser is a wholly-owned subsidiary of GAMCO Investors, Inc., a New York
corporation whose Class A Common Stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol GBL. Mr. Mario J.
Gabelli may be deemed a controlling person of the Investment Adviser on the basis of his
ownership of a majority of the stock of GGCP, Inc., which owns a majority of the capital stock of
GAMCO Investors, Inc.
The Investment Adviser has sole investment discretion for the Funds assets under the
supervision of the Funds Board and in accordance with the Funds stated policies. The Investment
Adviser will select investments for the Fund and will place purchase and sale orders on behalf of
the Fund.
The Investment Adviser is obligated to pay expenses associated with providing the services
contemplated by the Funds investment advisory agreement (the Advisory Agreement), including
compensation of and office space for its officers and employees connected with investment and
economic research, trading and investment management and administration of the Fund (but excluding
costs associated with the calculation of the net asset value and allocated costs of the chief
compliance officer function and officers of the Fund that are employed by the Fund and are not
employed by the Investment Adviser), and the fees of all Directors of the Fund who are affiliated
with the Investment Adviser.
In addition to the fees of the Investment Adviser, the Fund is responsible for the payment of
all other expenses incurred in the operation of the Fund, which include, among other things,
offering expenses, expenses for legal and Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm services,
rating agency fees, costs of printing proxies, stock certificates and shareholder reports, charges
of the custodian, any subcustodian, auction agent, transfer agent(s) and dividend disbursing agent
expenses in connection with its respective automatic dividend reinvestment and voluntary cash
purchase plan, SEC fees, fees and expenses of unaffiliated directors, accounting and pricing costs,
including costs of calculating the net asset value of the Fund, membership fees in trade
associations, fidelity bond coverage for its officers and employees, directors and officers
errors and omission insurance coverage, interest, brokerage costs, taxes, stock exchange listing
fees and expenses, expenses of qualifying its shares for sale in various states, litigation and
other extraordinary or non-recurring expenses, and other expenses properly payable by the Fund.
34
Advisory Agreement
Under the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Investment Adviser manages the portfolio of the
Fund in accordance with its stated investment objectives and policies, makes investment decisions
for the Fund, and places orders to purchase and sell securities on behalf of the Fund and manages
the Funds other business and affairs, all subject to the supervision and direction of its Board.
In addition, under the Advisory Agreement, the Investment Adviser oversees the administration of
all aspects of the Funds business and affairs and provides, or arranges for others to provide, at
the Investment Advisers expense, certain enumerated services, including maintaining the Funds
books and records, preparing reports to its shareholders and supervising the calculation of the net
asset value of its stock. All expenses of computing the Funds net asset value, including any
equipment or services obtained solely for the purpose of pricing shares of stock or valuing the
Funds investment portfolio, will be an expense of the Fund under the Advisory Agreement unless the
Investment Adviser voluntarily assumes responsibility for such
expense. During fiscal year 2007, the Fund reimbursed the Investment Adviser $45,000 in connection with the cost of computing the
Funds net asset value.
The Advisory Agreement combines investment advisory and administrative responsibilities in one
agreement. For services rendered by the Investment Adviser on behalf of the Fund under the Advisory
Agreement, the Fund pays the Investment Adviser a fee computed weekly and paid monthly at the
annual rate of 1.00% of the Funds average weekly net assets plus the liquidation value of any
outstanding preferred stock. The Investment Adviser has agreed to reduce the management fee on the
incremental assets attributable to the preferred stock during the fiscal year if the total return
of the net asset value of the common stock, including distributions and management fees subject to
reduction for that year, does not exceed the stated dividend rate or corresponding swap rate of
each particular series of preferred stock for the period. In other words, if the effective cost of
the leverage for any series of preferred stock exceeds the total return (based on net asset value)
on the Funds common stock, the Investment Adviser will waive that portion of its management fee on
the incremental assets attributable to the leverage for that series of preferred stock to mitigate
the negative impact of the leverage on the common shareholders total return. This fee waiver is
voluntary and may be discontinued at any time. The Funds total return on the net asset value of
its common stock is monitored on a monthly basis to assess whether the total return on the net
asset value of its common stock exceeds the stated dividend rate or corresponding swap rate of each
particular series of outstanding preferred stock for the period. The test to confirm the accrual of
the management fee on the assets attributable to each particular series of preferred stock is
annual. The Fund will accrue for the management fee on these assets during the fiscal year if it
appears probable that the Fund will incur the management fee on those assets.
For
the year ended December 31, 2007, the Funds total return on the net asset value of the
common stock exceeded the stated dividend rate or corresponding swap
rate of Series C Auction Rate Preferred, Series D Preferred, Series E
Auction Rate Preferred and Series F Preferred.
Thus, management fees were accrued on these assets. The Funds
total return on the net asset value of the common shares did not
exceed the stated dividend rate or the corresponding swap rate of Series B Preferred. Thus,
management fees with respect to the liquidation value of the
preferred stock assets were reduced by $23,733.
The Advisory Agreement provides that in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross
negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties thereunder, the Investment Adviser
is not liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Fund. As
part of the Advisory Agreement, the Fund has agreed that the name Gabelli is the
35
Investment Advisers property, and that in the event the Investment Adviser ceases to act as
an investment adviser to the Fund, the Fund will change its name to one not including Gabelli.
Pursuant to its terms, the Advisory Agreement will remain in effect with respect to the Fund
from year to year if approved annually (i) by the Funds Board or by the holders of a majority of
the Funds outstanding voting securities and (ii) by a majority of the Directors who are not
interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any party to the Advisory Agreement, by vote
cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
A discussion regarding the basis of the Boards approval of the Advisory Agreement is
available in the Funds semi-annual report to shareholders for the six months ended June 30, 2007.
Selection of Securities Brokers
The Advisory Agreement contains provisions relating to the selection of securities brokers to
effect the portfolio transactions of the Fund. Under those provisions, the Investment Adviser may
(i) direct Fund portfolio brokerage to Gabelli & Company, Inc. (Gabelli & Company) or other
broker-dealer affiliates of the Investment Adviser and (ii) pay commissions to brokers other than
Gabelli & Company that are higher than might be charged by another qualified broker to obtain
brokerage and/or research services considered by the Investment Adviser to be useful or desirable
for its investment management of the Fund and/or its other advisory accounts or those of any
investment adviser affiliated with it. The SAI contains further information about the Advisory
Agreement, including a more complete description of the advisory and expense arrangements,
exculpatory and brokerage provisions, as well as information on the brokerage practices of the
Fund.
Portfolio Managers
Mario J. Gabelli is currently and has been responsible for the day-to-day management of the
Fund since its inception. Mr. Gabelli has served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of GAMCO
Investors, Inc. and its predecessors since 1976. Mr. Gabelli is the Chief Investment Officer
Value Portfolios for the Investment Adviser and GAMCO Asset Management Inc. Mr. Gabelli serves as
portfolio manager for several funds in the Gabelli fund family and is a director of several funds
in the Gabelli fund family. Because of the diverse nature of Mr. Gabellis responsibilities, he
will devote less than all of his time to the day-to-day management of the Fund. Mr. Gabelli is also
Chief Executive Officer of GGCP, Inc., as well as Chairman of the Board of Lynch Interactive
Corporation, a multimedia and communication services company.
Additionally,
as of December 31, 2007, Caesar M.P. Bryan managed approximately $116 million of
the Funds assets. Mr. Bryan has been a Senior Vice President and Portfolio Manager with GAMCO
Asset Management Inc. (a wholly-owned subsidiary of GAMCO Investors, Inc.) and Portfolio Manager of
the GAMCO Gold Fund, Inc. since May 1994 and the GAMCO International Growth Fund, Inc. since June
1995, Co-Portfolio Manager of the GAMCO Global Opportunity Fund since May 1998, Gold Companies
Portfolio Manager of the Gabelli Global Gold, Natural Resources & Income Trust since March 2005, and a member of the GAMCO Global Growth
Fund portfolio management team since September 2000.
36
The SAI provides additional information about the Portfolio Managers compensation, other
accounts managed by the Portfolio Managers and the Portfolio Managers ownership of securities in
the Fund.
Sub-Administrator
PFPC Inc., (PFPC) with its principal office located at 400 Bellevue Parkway, Wilmington,
Delaware 19809, serves as sub-administrator for the Fund. For these services and the related
expenses borne by PFPC, the Investment Adviser pays a prorated monthly fee at the annual rate of
0.0275% of the first $10 billion of the aggregate average net assets of the Fund and all other
funds advised by the Investment Adviser and administered by PFPC, 0.0125% of the aggregate average
net assets exceeding $10 billion, and 0.01% of the aggregate average net assets in excess of $15
billion.
Regulatory Matters
The Fund has received the following information from the Investment Adviser:
Over the past several years, the staff of the SEC (the Staff), the staff of the New York
Attorney Generals office (the NYAG), and officials of other states have been conducting
industry-wide inquiries into, and bringing enforcement and other proceedings regarding, trading
abuses involving open-end investment companies. The Investment Adviser and its affiliates have
received information requests and subpoenas for documents and testimony from the Staff and the NYAG
in connection with these inquiries and have responded to these requests. The Investment Adviser has
implemented additional compliance policies and procedures in response to recent industry
initiatives and its internal reviews of its mutual fund practices in a variety of areas. The
Investment Adviser has not found any information that it believes would be material to the ability
of the Investment Adviser to fulfill its obligations under the Advisory Agreement. More
specifically, the Investment Adviser has found no evidence of arrangements for trading in the
Gabelli mutual funds after the 4:00 p.m. pricing time and no evidence of improper short-term
trading in these funds by its investment professionals or senior executives. The Investment Adviser
did find that one investor, who had been engaged in short-term trading in one of the Gabelli mutual
funds (the prospectus of which did not at that time impose limits on short-term trading) and who
had subsequently made an investment in a hedge fund managed by an affiliate of the Investment
Adviser, was banned from the mutual fund only after certain other investors were banned. The
Investment Adviser believes that this relationship was not material to the Investment Adviser. The
Investment Adviser also found that certain discussions took place in 2002 and 2003 between the
Investment Advisers staff and personnel of an investment advisor regarding possible frequent
trading in certain Gabelli domestic equity funds. In June 2006, the Investment Adviser began
discussions with the Staff regarding a possible resolution of their inquiry. In February 2007, the
Investment Adviser made an offer of settlement to the Staff for communication to the SEC for its
consideration to resolve this matter. This offer of settlement is subject to final agreement
regarding the specific language of the SECs administrative order and other settlement documents.
Since these discussions are ongoing, the Investment Adviser cannot determine whether they will
ultimately result in a settlement of this matter and, if so, what the terms of the settlement might
be. There can be no assurance that any resolution of this matter will not have a material adverse
impact on the Investment Adviser or on its ability to fulfill its obligations under the Advisory
Agreement.
37
The Investment Adviser was informed by the Staff that they may recommend to the SEC that the
Investment Adviser be held accountable for the actions of two of the closed-end funds managed by
the Investment Adviser relating to Section 19(a) and Rule 19a-1 of the 1940 Act. These provisions
require registered investment companies to provide written statements to shareholders when a
distribution is made from a source other than net investment income. While the two funds sent
annual statements containing the required information and Form 1099-DIV statements as required by
the IRS, the funds did not send written statements to shareholders with each distribution in 2002
and 2003. The then existing closed-end funds managed by the Investment Adviser changed their
notification procedures in 2004 and the Investment Adviser believes that all of the funds have been
in compliance with Section 19(a) and Rule 19a-1 of the 1940 Act since that time. The Staffs notice
to the Investment Adviser did not relate to the Fund. The Staff indicated that they may recommend
to the SEC that administrative remedies be sought, including a monetary penalty. The Investment
Adviser cannot predict whether an administrative proceeding will be instituted and, if so, what the
ultimate resolution might be. The Investment Adviser currently expects that any resolution of this
matter will not have a material effect on the Investment Advisers ability to fulfill its
obligations under the Advisory Agreement. If the SEC were to revoke the exemptive order that the
Fund relies upon to make distributions of capital gains more frequently than annually, the Board
may consider whether to modify or possibly eliminate the Funds current distribution policy.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
Principal transactions are not entered into with affiliates of the Fund. However, Gabelli &
Company, an affiliate of the Investment Adviser, may execute portfolio transactions on stock
exchanges and in the over-the-counter markets on an agency basis and receive a stated commission
therefor. For a more detailed discussion of the Funds brokerage allocation practices, see
Portfolio Transactions in the SAI.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The Fund has a policy, which may be modified at any time by its Board, of paying a minimum
annual distribution of 10% of the average net asset value of the Fund to common shareholders. The
Funds current quarterly distribution level is set at $0.20 per share in each of the first three
quarters of the year. Each year the Fund pays an adjusting distribution in the fourth quarter of an
amount sufficient to pay 10% of the average net asset value of the Fund, as of the last day of the
four preceding calendar quarters, or to satisfy the minimum distribution requirements of the Code,
whichever is greater. Each quarter, the Board reviews the amount of any potential distribution and
the income, capital gain or capital available. This policy permits common shareholders to realize a
predictable, but not assured, level of cash flow and some liquidity periodically with respect to
their shares of common stock without having to sell their shares. The Fund may retain for
reinvestment, and pay the resulting federal income taxes on, its net capital gain, if any, although
the Fund reserves the authority to distribute its net capital gain in any year. To avoid paying
income tax at the corporate level, the Fund distributes substantially all of its investment company
taxable income and net capital gain.
If, for any calendar year, the total quarterly distributions to common shareholders and the
amount of distributions on any preferred stock issued by the Fund exceed investment company
38
taxable income and net capital gain, the excess will generally be treated as a tax-free return
of capital up to the amount of a shareholders tax basis in the stock. Any distributions to the
holders of common or preferred stock which constitute tax-free return of capital will reduce a
shareholders tax basis in such stock, thereby increasing such shareholders potential gain or
reducing his or her potential loss on the sale of the stock. Any amounts distributed to a
shareholder in excess of the basis in the stock will generally be taxable to the shareholder as
capital gain.
In the event the Fund distributes amounts in excess of its investment company taxable income
and net capital gain, such distributions will decrease the Funds total assets and, therefore, have
the likely effect of increasing its expense ratio, as the Funds fixed expenses will become a
larger percentage of the Funds average net assets. In addition, in order to make such
distributions, the Fund might have to sell a portion of its investment portfolio at a time when
independent investment judgment might not dictate such action.
The Fund, along with other closed-end registered investment companies advised by the
Investment Adviser, has obtained an exemption from Section 19(b) of the 1940 Act and Rule 19b-1
thereunder permitting it to make periodic distributions of long-term capital gains provided that
any distribution policy of the Fund with respect to its common stock calls for periodic (e.g.,
quarterly or semi-annually, but in no event more frequently than monthly) distributions in an
amount equal to a fixed percentage of the Funds average net asset value over a specified period of
time or market price per share of common stock at or about the time of distribution or payment of a
fixed dollar amount. The exemption also permits the Fund to make distributions with respect to its
preferred stock in accordance with such stocks terms. See Automatic Dividend Reinvestment and
Voluntary Cash Purchase Plan.
AUTOMATIC DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT
AND VOLUNTARY CASH PURCHASE PLAN
Under the Funds Automatic Dividend Reinvestment and Voluntary Cash Purchase Plan (the
Plan), a shareholder whose common shares are registered in his or her own name will have all
distributions reinvested automatically by Computershare Trust Company, N.A. (Computershare),
which is agent under the Plan, unless the shareholder elects to receive cash. Distributions with
respect to shares registered in the name of a broker-dealer or other nominee (that is, in street
name) will be reinvested by the broker or nominee in additional shares under the Plan, unless the
service is not provided by the broker or nominee or the shareholder elects to receive distributions
in cash. Investors who own common shares registered in street name should consult their
broker-dealers for details regarding reinvestment. All distributions to investors who do not
participate in the Plan will be paid by check mailed directly to the record holder by Computershare
as dividend-disbursing agent.
Enrollment in the Plan
It is the policy of the Fund to automatically reinvest dividends. As a registered
shareholder, you automatically become a participant in the Funds Plan. The Plan authorizes the
Fund to issue common shares to participants upon an income dividend or a capital gains distribution
regardless of whether the shares are trading at a discount or a premium to net asset
39
value. All distributions to shareholders whose shares are registered in their own names will
be automatically reinvested pursuant to the Plan in additional shares of the Fund. Plan
participants may send their share certificates to Computershare to be held in their dividend
reinvestment account. Registered shareholders wishing to receive their distribution in cash must
submit this request in writing to:
The Gabelli Equity Trust Inc.
c/o Computershare
P.O. Box 43010
Providence, RI 02940-3010
Shareholders requesting this cash election must include the shareholders name and address as
they appear on the share certificate. Shareholders with additional questions regarding the Plan, or
requesting a copy of the terms of the Plan may contact Computershare at (800) 336-6983.
If your shares are held in the name of a broker, bank, or nominee, you should contact such
institution. If such institution is not participating in the Plan, your account will be credited
with a cash dividend. In order to participate in the Plan through such institution, it may be
necessary for you to have your shares taken out of street name and re-registered in your own
name. Once registered in your own name, your dividends will be automatically reinvested. Certain
brokers participate in the Plan. Shareholders holding shares in street name at participating
institutions will have dividends automatically reinvested. Shareholders wishing a cash dividend at
such institution must contact their broker to make this change.
The number of common shares distributed to participants in the Plan in lieu of cash dividends
is determined in the following manner. Under the Plan, whenever the market price of the Funds
common shares is equal to or exceeds net asset value at the time shares are valued for purposes of
determining the number of shares equivalent to the cash dividends or capital gains distribution,
participants are issued common shares valued at the greater of (i) the net asset value as most
recently determined or (ii) 95% of the then current market price of the Funds common shares. The
valuation date is the dividend or distribution payment date or, if that date is not a NYSE trading
day, the next trading day. If the net asset value of the common shares at the time of valuation
exceeds the market price of the common shares, participants will receive shares from the Fund
valued at market price. If the Fund should declare a dividend or capital gains distribution payable
only in cash, Computershare will buy common shares in the open market, or on the NYSE or elsewhere,
for the participants accounts, except that Computershare will endeavor to terminate purchases in
the open market and cause the Fund to issue shares at net asset value if, following the
commencement of such purchases, the market value of the common shares exceed the then current net
asset value.
The automatic reinvestment of dividends and capital gains distributions will not relieve
participants of any income tax which may be payable on such distributions. A participant in the
Plan will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as having received, on a dividend payment
date, a dividend or distribution in an amount equal to the cash the participant could have received
instead of shares.
40
The Fund reserves the right to amend or terminate the Plan as applied to any voluntary cash
payments made and any dividend or distribution paid subsequent to written notice of the change sent
to the members of the Plan at least 90 days before the record date for such dividend or
distribution. The Plan also may be amended or terminated by Computershare on at least 90 days
written notice to participants in the Plan.
Voluntary Cash Purchase Plan
The Voluntary Cash Purchase Plan is yet another vehicle for our shareholders to increase their
investment in the Fund. In order to participate in the Voluntary Cash Purchase Plan, shareholders
must have their shares registered in their own name.
Participants in the Voluntary Cash Purchase Plan have the option of making additional cash
payments to Computershare for investments in the Funds shares at the then current market price.
Shareholders may send an amount from $250 to $10,000. Computershare will use these funds to
purchase shares in the open market on or about the 1st and 15th of each month. Computershare will
charge each shareholder who participates $0.75, plus a pro rata share of the brokerage commissions.
Brokerage charges for such purchases are expected to be less than the usual brokerage charge for
such transactions. It is suggested that any voluntary cash payments be sent to Computershare, P.O.
Box 43010, Providence, RI 02940-3010 such that Computershare receives such payments approximately
10 days before the 1st and 15th of the month. Funds not received at least five days before the
investment date shall be held for investment until the next purchase date. A payment may be
withdrawn without charge if notice is received by Computershare at least 48 hours before such
payment is to be invested.
Shareholders wishing to liquidate shares held at Computershare must do so in writing or by
telephone. Please submit your request to the above mentioned address or telephone number. Include
in your request your name, address and account number. The cost to liquidate shares is $2.50 per
transaction as well as the brokerage commission incurred. Brokerage charges are expected to be less
than the usual brokerage charge for such transactions.
For more information regarding the Automatic Dividend Reinvestment Plan and Voluntary Cash
Purchase Plan, brochures are available by calling (914) 921-5070 or by writing directly to the
Fund.
The Fund reserves the right to amend or terminate the Plans as applied to any voluntary cash
payments made and any dividend or distribution paid subsequent to written notice of the change sent
to the members of the Plan at least 90 days before the record date for such dividend or
distribution. The Plan also may be amended or terminated by Computershare on at least 90 days
written notice to participants in the Plan.
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
The following is a brief description of the terms of the Funds common stock and preferred
stock. This description does not purport to be complete and is qualified by reference to the
Funds Governing Documents. For complete terms of the common stock and preferred stock, please
refer to the actual terms of such series, which are set forth in the Governing Documents.
Common Stock
41
Pursuant to an amendment to the Funds Articles of Incorporation that was approved by
shareholders in 2004, the Board may increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock of
the Fund or the number of shares of any class or series that the Fund has authority to issue
without shareholder approval. The Fund is currently authorized to issue 246,000,000 shares of
common stock, par value $0.001 per share. Holders of the common stock are entitled to one vote per
share held. Holders of the common stock are entitled to share equally in distributions authorized
by the Funds Board payable to the holders of such shares and in the net assets of the Fund
available on liquidation for distribution to holders of such shares. The shares of common stock
have noncumulative voting rights and no conversion, preemptive or other subscription rights, and
are not redeemable. In the event of liquidation, each share of Fund common stock is entitled to
its proportion of the Funds assets after payment of debts and expenses and the amounts payable to
holders of the Funds preferred stock ranking senior to the shares of common stock of the Fund as
described below.
Offerings of stock require approval by the Board. Any additional offering of
common stock will be subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act, which provides that common stock
may not be issued at a price below the then current net asset value, exclusive of sales load,
except in connection with an offering to existing holders of common stock or with the consent of a
majority of the Funds outstanding voting securities.
The Funds outstanding common stock is listed and traded on the NYSE under the symbol GAB.
The average weekly trading volume of the common stock on the NYSE during the period from January 1,
2006 through December 31, 2006 was 457,504 shares. The average weekly trading volume of the common
stock on the NYSE during the period from January 1, 2007 through
December 31, 2007 was 304,064 shares.
The Funds net asset value per share will be reduced immediately following the offering of
common shares by the amount of the sales load and offering expenses paid by the Fund. See Use of
Proceeds. Unlike open-end funds, closed-end funds like the Fund do not continuously offer shares
and do not provide daily redemptions. Rather, if a shareholder determines to buy additional common
shares or sell shares already held, the shareholder may do so by trading through a broker on the
NYSE or otherwise.
Shares of closed-end investment companies often trade on an exchange at prices lower than net
asset value. The Funds shares of common stock have traded in the market at both premiums to and
discounts from net asset value. Over the Funds twenty-one year history, the range fluctuated from a
38% premium in June 2002 to a 27% discount in December 1987. Beginning in early 2001, the market
price of the Fund exceeded the net asset value and this premium continued through August 2005. The
previous extended period over which the premium existed occurred during the twenty month period
from August 1993 to March 1995. The market price of the Fund has exceeded the net asset value
during 2007 with an average premium of 1%. Because the market value of the common shares may
be influenced by such factors as dividend and distribution levels (which are in turn affected by
expenses), dividend and distribution stability, net asset value, market liquidity, relative demand
for and supply of such shares in the market, unrealized gains, general market and economic
conditions and other factors beyond the control of the Fund, the Fund cannot assure you that common
shares will trade at a price equal to or higher than net asset value in the future. The common
shares are designed primarily for long-
42
term investors and you should not purchase the common shares if you intend to sell them soon after
purchase.
The Funds common shareholders vote as a single class to elect the Funds Board
and on additional matters with respect to which the 1940 Act, the Governing Documents or
resolutions adopted by the Directors provide for a vote of the Funds common shareholders. See
Anti-Takeover Provisions of the Funds Governing Documents.
The Fund may repurchase its shares of common stock from time to time as and when it deems such
repurchase advisable, subject to maintaining required asset coverage for each series of outstanding
preferred stock. The Board has adopted a policy to authorize such repurchases when the shares are
trading at a discount of 10% or more (or such other percentage as the Board may determine from time
to time) from the net asset value of the shares. Although the Board has authorized such
repurchases, the Fund is not required to repurchase its shares. The policy does not limit the
amount of common stock that can be repurchased. The percentage of the discount from net asset value
at which share repurchases will be authorized may be changed at any
time by the Board. Through December 31, 2007, the Fund has not repurchased shares of its common stock under this authorization.
Preferred Stock
Currently, 24,000,000 shares of the Funds capital stock,
which include the preferred stock being registered with this registration statement, have been classified by the Board as
preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share. The Funds Board may reclassify
authorized and unissued shares of the Fund, previously classified as common stock, as
preferred stock prior to the completion of any offering. The terms of each series of preferred stock may be
fixed by the Board and may materially limit and/or qualify the rights of the holders of the Funds
common stock. As of December 31, 2007, the Fund had 5,200 outstanding shares of Series C Auction Rate
Preferred, 2,949,700 outstanding shares of Series D Preferred, 2,000 outstanding shares of Series E
Auction Rate Preferred, and 6,000,000 outstanding shares of Series F Preferred.
Distributions on the Series C Auction Rate
Preferred accumulate at a variable rate, usually set at a
weekly auction. The Series C Auction Rate Preferred is rated Aaa
by Moodys and AAA by S&P. The
liquidation preference of the Series C Auction Rate Preferred is $25,000 per share. The Fund
generally may redeem the outstanding Series C Auction Rate Preferred, in whole or in part, at any
time other than during a non-call period. The Series C Auction Rate Preferred is not traded on any
public exchange.
Distributions on the Series D Preferred accumulate at an annual rate of 5.875% of the
liquidation preference of $25 per share, are cumulative from the date of original issuance thereof,
and are payable quarterly on March 26, June 26, September 26 and December 26 of each year. The
Series D Preferred is rated Aaa by Moodys. The Funds outstanding Series D Preferred is
redeemable at the liquidation preference plus accumulated but unpaid dividends (whether or not
earned or declared) at the option of the Fund beginning October 7, 2008. The Series D Preferred is
listed and traded on the NYSE under the symbol GAB PrD.
43
Distributions on the Series E Auction Rate Preferred accumulate at a variable rate set at a
weekly auction. The Series E Auction Rate Preferred is rated Aaa by Moodys and AAA by S&P. The
liquidation preference of the Series E Auction Rate Preferred is $25,000 per share. The Fund
generally may redeem the outstanding Series E Auction Rate Preferred, in whole or in part, at any
time other than during a non-call period. The Series E Auction Rate Preferred is not traded on any
public exchange.
Distributions on the Series F Preferred accumulate at an annual rate of 6.20% of the
liquidation preference of $25 per share, are cumulative from the date of original issuance thereof,
and are payable quarterly on March 26, June 26, September 26 and December 26 of each year. The
Series F Preferred is rated Aaa by Moodys. The Funds outstanding Series F Preferred is
redeemable at the liquidation preference plus accumulated but unpaid dividends (whether or not
earned or declared) at the option of the Fund beginning November 10, 2011. The Series F Preferred
is listed and traded on the NYSE under the symbol GAB PrF.
If the Fund issues any additional series of preferred stock, it will pay dividends to the
holders at either a fixed rate or a rate that will be reset frequently based on short-term interest
rates, as described in the Prospectus Supplement accompanying each preferred stock offering.
The following table shows (i) the classes of capital stock authorized, (ii) the number of
shares authorized in each class, and (iii) the number of shares outstanding in each class as of
December 31, 2007.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Amount |
|
Title Of Class |
|
Authorized * |
|
|
Outstanding * |
|
Common Stock |
|
|
246,000,000 |
|
|
|
172,104,290 |
|
Series A Preferred |
|
|
5,367,900 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
Series B Preferred |
|
|
6,600,000 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
Series C Auction Rate Preferred |
|
|
5,200 |
|
|
|
5,200 |
|
Series D Preferred |
|
|
3,000,000 |
|
|
|
2,949,700 |
|
Series E Auction Rate Preferred |
|
|
2,000 |
|
|
|
2,000 |
|
Series F Preferred |
|
|
6,000,000 |
|
|
|
6,000,000 |
|
Preferred Stock |
|
|
3,024,900 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
As
of December 31, the Fund does not hold any shares of capital stock
for its account. Upon a liquidation, each holder of preferred stock will be entitled to receive out of the
assets of the Fund available for distribution to shareholders (after payment of claims of the
Funds creditors but before any distributions with respect to the Funds common stock or any other
class of capital stock of the Fund ranking junior to the preferred stock as to liquidation
payments) an amount per share equal to such shares liquidation preference plus any
accumulated but unpaid distributions (whether or not earned or declared, excluding interest
44
thereon) to the date of distribution, and such shareholders shall be entitled to no further
participation in any distribution or payment in connection with such liquidation. Each series of
preferred stock ranks on a parity with any other series of preferred stock of the Fund as to the
payment of distributions and the distribution of assets upon liquidation, and is junior to the
Funds obligations with respect to any outstanding senior securities representing debt. The
preferred stock carries one vote per share on all matters on which such shares are entitled to
vote. The preferred shares will, upon issuance, be fully paid and nonassessable and will have no
preemptive, exchange or conversion rights. The Board may by resolution classify or
reclassify any authorized but unissued capital shares of the Fund from time to time by setting or
changing the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as
to distributions or terms or conditions of redemption. The Fund will not issue any class of capital
stock senior to the preferred stock.
Rating
Agency Guidelines. Upon issuance, the preferred shares may be
rated or unrated. If rated, the preferred shares may have any credit quality, from Aaa to C by Moodys and/or
AAA to D by S&P or the equivalent from
other statistical rating organizations. If the fund issues preferred shares rated by Moodys
or S&P, the Fund expects that it will be required under
Moodys and S&P guidelines to maintain
assets having in the aggregate a discounted value at least equal to the Basic Maintenance Amount
(as defined below) for its outstanding preferred stock with respect to the separate guidelines
Moodys and S&P has each established for determining discounted value. To the extent any particular
portfolio holding does not satisfy the applicable rating agencys guidelines, all or a portion of
such holdings value will not be included in the calculation of discounted value (as defined by
such rating agency). The Moodys and S&P guidelines also impose certain diversification
requirements and industry concentration limitations on the Funds overall portfolio, and apply
specified discounts to securities held by the Fund (except certain money market securities). The
Basic Maintenance Amount is equal to (i) the sum of (a) the aggregate liquidation preference of
any preferred shares then outstanding plus (to the extent not included in the liquidation
preference of such preferred stock) an amount equal to the aggregate accumulated but unpaid
distributions (whether or not earned or declared) in respect of such preferred stock, (b) the total
principal of any debt (plus accrued and projected interest), (c) certain Fund expenses and (d)
certain other current liabilities (excluding any unmade distributions on the Funds common stock)
less (ii) the Funds (a) cash and (b) assets consisting of indebtedness which (y) mature prior to
or on the date of redemption or repurchase of the preferred stock and are U.S. government
securities or evidences of indebtedness rated at least Aaa, P-1, VMIG-1 or MIG-1 by Moodys
or AAA, SP-1+ or A-1+
by S&P, and (z) is held by the Fund for distributions, the redemption
or repurchase of preferred stock or the Funds liabilities.
If the Fund does not cure in a timely manner a failure to maintain a discounted value of its
portfolio equal to the Basic Maintenance Amount in accordance with the requirements of the
applicable rating agency or agencies then rating the preferred stock at the request of the Fund,
the Fund may, and in certain circumstances will be required to, mandatorily redeem preferred stock,
as described below under Redemption.
The Fund may, but is not required to, adopt any modifications to the rating agency guidelines
that may hereafter be established by Moodys and S&P. Failure to adopt any such modifications,
however, may result in a change in the relevant rating agencys ratings or a withdrawal of such
ratings altogether. In addition, any rating agency providing a rating for the preferred stock at
the request of the Fund may, at any time, change or withdraw any such rating. The Board, without further action by the shareholders, may amend, alter, add to or
repeal certain of the definitions and related provisions that have been adopted by the Fund
45
pursuant to the rating agency guidelines if the Board determines that such
modification is necessary to prevent a reduction in rating of the preferred stock by Moodys and
S&P, as the case may be, is in the best interests of the holders of common stock and is not adverse
to the holders of preferred stock in view of advice to the Fund by Moodys and S&P (or such other
rating agency then rating the preferred stock at the request of the Fund) that such modification
would not adversely affect, as the case may be, its then current rating of the preferred stock.
The Board
may amend the Articles Supplementary definition of Maximum Rate (the
maximum rate as defined below under Distributions on the Preferred SharesMaximum Rate) to
increase the percentage amount by which the applicable reference rate is multiplied or to increase
the applicable spread to which the reference rate is added to determine the maximum rate without
the vote or consent of the holders of the preferred stock or any other shareholder of the Fund, but
only after consultation with the broker-dealers and with confirmation from each applicable rating
agency that the Fund could meet applicable rating agency asset coverage tests immediately following
any such increase.
As described by Moodys and S&P, the ratings assigned to each series of preferred stock are
assessments of the capacity and willingness of the Fund to pay the obligations of each such series.
The ratings on these series of preferred stock are not recommendations to purchase, hold or sell
shares of any series, inasmuch as the ratings do not comment as to market price or suitability for
a particular investor. The rating agency guidelines also do not address the likelihood that an
owner of preferred stock will be able to sell such shares on an exchange, in an auction or
otherwise. The ratings are based on current information furnished to Moodys and S&P by the Fund
and the Investment Adviser and information obtained from other sources. The ratings may be changed,
suspended or withdrawn as a result of changes in, or the unavailability of, such information.
The rating agency guidelines apply to each series of preferred stock only so long as such
rating agency is rating such series at the request of the Fund. The Fund pays fees to Moodys and
S&P for rating the preferred stock.
Asset Maintenance Requirements. In addition to the requirements summarized under Rating
Agency Guidelines above, the Fund must also satisfy asset maintenance requirements under the 1940
Act with respect to its preferred stock. Under the 1940 Act, debt or additional preferred stock may
be issued only if immediately after such issuance the value of the Funds total assets (less
ordinary course liabilities) is at least 300% of the amount of any debt outstanding and at least
200% of the amount of any preferred stock and debt outstanding. The Fund is required under the
Articles Supplementary of each series of preferred stock to determine whether it has, as of the
last business day of each March, June, September and December of each year, an asset coverage (as
defined in the 1940 Act) of at least 200% (or such higher or lower percentage as may be required at
the time under the 1940 Act) with respect to all outstanding senior securities of the Fund that are
debt or stock, including any outstanding preferred stock. If the Fund fails to maintain the asset
coverage required under the 1940 Act on such dates and such failure
is not cured on or before 60 days, in the case of the Fixed Rate
Preferred Stock, or 10 business days, in the case of the Variable
Rate Preferred Stock, the Fund may, and in certain circumstances will be required to, mandatorily redeem shares of
preferred stock sufficient to satisfy such asset coverage. See Redemption below.
Distributions. In connection with the offering of one or more additional series of preferred
stock, an accompanying Prospectus Supplement will specify whether dividends on
46
such preferred stock
will be based on a fixed or variable rate. If such Prospectus Supplement specifies that dividends
will be paid at a fixed rate, holders of such Fixed Rate Preferred Stock will be entitled to
receive, out of funds legally available therefor, cumulative cash distributions, at an annual rate
set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, payable with such frequency as set forth in the
applicable Prospectus Supplement. Such distributions will accumulate from the date on which such
shares are issued.
In the alternative, the Prospectus Supplement may state that the holders of one or more series
of Variable Rate Preferred Stock are entitled to receive cash distributions at annual rates stated
as a percentage of liquidation preference, that will vary from dividend period to dividend period.
The liquidation preference per share and the dividend rate for the initial dividend period for any
such series of preferred stock will be the rate set forth in the Prospectus Supplement for such
series. For subsequent dividend periods, each such series of preferred stock will pay distributions
based on a rate set at an auction, normally held weekly, but not in excess of a maximum rate.
Dividend periods generally will be seven days, and the dividend periods generally will begin on the
first business day after an auction. In most instances, distributions are also paid weekly, on the
business day following the end of the dividend period. The Fund, subject to some limitations, may
change the length of the dividend periods, designating them as special dividend periods, as
described below under Designation of Special Dividend Periods.
Distribution Payments. Except as described below, the dividend payment date for a series of
Variable Rate Preferred Stock will be the first business day after the dividend period ends. The
dividend payment dates for special dividend periods of more (or less) than seven days will be set
out in the notice designating a special dividend period. See Designation of Special Dividend
Periods for a discussion of payment dates for a special dividend period.
If a dividend payment date for a series of Variable Rate Preferred Stock is not a business day
because the NYSE is closed for business for more than three consecutive business days due to an act
of God, natural disaster, act of war, civil or military disturbance, act of terrorism, sabotage,
riots or a loss or malfunction of utilities or communications services, or the dividend payable on
such date can not be paid for any such reason, then:
|
|
|
the dividend payment date for the affected dividend period will be the next business
day on which the Fund and its paying agent, if any, are able to cause the distributions
to be paid using their reasonable best efforts; |
|
|
|
|
the affected dividend period will end on the day it would have ended had such event
not occurred and the dividend payment date had remained the scheduled date; and |
|
|
|
|
the next dividend period will begin and end on the dates on which it would have
begun and ended had such event not occurred and the dividend payment date remained the
scheduled date. |
Determination of Dividend Rates. The Fund computes the distributions per share for a series of
Variable Rate Preferred Stock by multiplying the applicable rate determined at the auction by a
fraction, the numerator of which normally is the number of days in such dividend period and the
denominator of which is 360. This applicable rate is then multiplied by the liquidation preference
per share of such series to arrive at the distribution per share.
47
Maximum Rate. The dividend rate for a series of Variable Rate Preferred Stock that results
from an auction for such shares will not be greater than the applicable maximum rate. The maximum
rate for any standard dividend period will be the greater of the applicable percentage of the
reference rate or the reference rate plus the applicable spread. The reference rate will be the
applicable LIBOR Rate (as defined below) for a dividend period of fewer than 365 days or the
Treasury Index Rate (as defined below) for a dividend period of 365 days or more. The applicable
percentage and the applicable spread will be determined based on the lower of the credit ratings
assigned to such series of preferred shares by Moodys and S&P on the auction date for such period
(as set forth in the table below). If Moodys and/or S&P do not make such rating available, the
rate will be determined by reference to equivalent ratings issued by a substitute rating agency. In
the case of a special dividend period, (1) the Fund will communicate the maximum applicable rate in
a notice of special rate period for such dividend payment period, (2) the applicable percentage and
applicable spread will be determined on the date two business days before the first day of such
special dividend period and (3) the reference rate will be the applicable LIBOR Rate for a dividend
period of fewer than 365 days or the Treasury Index Rate for a dividend period of 365 days or more.
The LIBOR Rate, as described in greater detail in the Articles Supplementary, is the
applicable London Inter-Bank Offered Rate for deposits in U.S. dollars for the period most closely
approximating the applicable dividend period for the preferred stock.
The Treasury Index Rate, as described in greater detail in the Articles Supplementary, is
the average yield to maturity for certain U.S. Treasury securities having substantially the same
length to maturity as the applicable dividend period for the preferred stock.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Credit Ratings |
|
Applicable |
|
Applicable |
Moodys |
|
S&P |
|
Percentage |
|
Spread |
Aaa
|
|
AAA
|
|
150%
|
|
1.50% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aa3 to Aa1
|
|
AA to AA+
|
|
250%
|
|
2.50% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A3 to A1
|
|
A to A+
|
|
350%
|
|
3.50% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Baa1 or lower
|
|
BBB+ or lower
|
|
550%
|
|
5.50% |
If the Fund maintains an AAA and/or Aaa rating on the preferred stock, the practical
effect of the different methods used to determine the maximum rate is shown in the table below:
48
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maximum |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Applicable |
|
|
|
Method Used to |
|
|
Rate Using the |
|
Maximum Applicable |
|
Determine the |
|
|
Applicable |
|
Rate Using the |
|
Maximum Applicable |
Reference Rate |
|
Percentage |
|
Applicable Spread |
|
Rate |
1%
|
|
1.50%
|
|
2.50%
|
|
Spread |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2%
|
|
3.00%
|
|
3.50%
|
|
Spread |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3%
|
|
4.50%
|
|
4.50%
|
|
Either |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4%
|
|
6.00%
|
|
5.50%
|
|
Percentage |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5%
|
|
7.50%
|
|
6.50%
|
|
Percentage |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6%
|
|
9.00%
|
|
7.50%
|
|
Percentage |
There is no minimum dividend rate in respect of any dividend period.
Effect of Failure to Pay Distributions in a Timely Manner. If the Fund fails to pay the paying
agent the full amount of any distribution or redemption price, as applicable, for a series of
Variable Rate Preferred Stock in a timely manner, the dividend rate for the dividend period
following such a failure to pay (such period referred to as the default period) and any subsequent
dividend period for which such default is continuing will be the default rate. In the event that
the Fund fully pays all default amounts due during a dividend period, the dividend rate for the
remainder of that dividend period will be, as the case may be, the applicable rate (for the first
dividend period following a dividend default) or the then maximum rate (for any subsequent dividend
period for which such default is continuing).
The default rate is 550% of the applicable LIBOR Rate for a dividend period of 364 days or
fewer and 550% of the applicable Treasury Index Rate for a dividend period of longer than 364 days.
Designation of Special Dividend Periods. The Fund may instruct the auction agent to hold
auctions more or less frequently than weekly and may designate dividend periods longer or shorter
than one week. The Fund may do this if, for example, the Fund expects that short-term rates might
increase or market conditions otherwise change, in an effort to optimize the potential benefit of
the Funds leverage for holders of its common stock. The Fund does not currently expect to hold
auctions and pay distributions less frequently than weekly or establish dividend periods longer or
shorter than one week. If the Fund designates a special dividend period, changes in interest rates
could affect the price received if preferred shares are sold in the secondary market.
Any designation of a special dividend period for a series of Variable Rate Preferred Stock
will be effective only if (i) notice thereof has been given as provided for in the Governing
Documents, (ii) any failure to pay in a timely manner to the auction agent the full amount of any
distribution on, or the redemption price of, any preferred stock has been cured as provided for in
the Governing Documents, (iii) the auction immediately preceding the special dividend period was
not a failed auction, (iv) if the Fund has mailed a notice of redemption with respect to any
preferred stock, the Fund has deposited with the paying agent all funds necessary for such
redemption and (v) the Fund has confirmed that as of the auction date next preceding the first day
of such special dividend period, it has assets with an aggregate discounted value at least equal to
the Basic Maintenance Amount, and the Fund has provided notice of such designation and a Basic
Maintenance Report to each rating agency then rating the preferred stock at the request of the
Fund.
The dividend payment date for any such special dividend period will be set out in the notice
designating the special dividend period. In addition, for special dividend periods of at least
49
91 days, dividend payment dates will occur on the first business day of each calendar month within
such dividend period and on the business day following the last day of such dividend period.
Before the Fund designates a special dividend period: (i) at least seven business days (or two
business days in the event the duration of the dividend period prior to such special dividend
period is less than eight days) and not more than 30 business days before the first day of the
proposed special dividend period, the Fund will issue a press release stating its intention to
designate a special dividend period and inform the auction agent of the proposed special dividend
period by telephonic or other means and confirm it in writing promptly thereafter and (ii) the Fund
must inform the auction agent of the proposed special dividend period by 3:00 p.m., New York City
time on the second business day before the first day of the proposed special dividend period.
Restrictions on Dividends and Other Distributions for the Preferred Stock
So long as any preferred stock is outstanding, the Fund may not pay any dividend or
distribution (other than a dividend or distribution paid in common stock or in options, warrants or
rights to subscribe for or purchase common stock) in respect of the common stock or call for
redemption, redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration any common stock (except by
conversion into or exchange for shares of the Fund ranking junior to the preferred stock as to the
payment of dividends or distributions and the distribution of assets upon liquidation), unless:
|
|
|
the Fund has declared and paid (or provided to the relevant dividend paying agent) all
cumulative distributions on the Funds outstanding preferred stock due on or prior to the
date of such common stock dividend or distribution; |
|
|
|
|
the Fund has redeemed the full number of shares of preferred stock to be redeemed
pursuant to any mandatory redemption provision in the Funds Governing Documents; and |
|
|
|
|
after making the distribution, the Fund meets applicable asset coverage requirements
described under Rating Agency Guidelines and Asset Maintenance Requirements. |
No full distribution will be declared or made on any series of preferred stock for any
dividend period, or part thereof, unless full cumulative distributions due through the most recent
dividend payment dates therefor for all outstanding series of preferred stock of the Fund ranking
on a parity with such series as to distributions have been or contemporaneously are declared and
made. If full cumulative distributions due have not been made on all outstanding preferred stock of
the Fund ranking on a parity with such series of preferred stock as to the payment of
distributions, any distributions being paid on the preferred stock will be paid as nearly pro rata
as possible in proportion to the respective amounts of distributions accumulated but unmade on each
such series of preferred stock on the relevant dividend payment date. The Funds obligation to make
distributions on the preferred stock will be subordinate to its obligations to pay interest and
principal, when due, on any senior securities representing debt.
Redemption
Mandatory Redemption Relating to Asset Coverage Requirements. The Fund may, at its option,
consistent with its Governing Documents and the 1940 Act, and in certain circumstances will be
required to, mandatorily redeem preferred stock in the event that:
50
|
|
|
the Fund fails to maintain the asset coverage requirements specified under the 1940 Act
on a quarterly valuation date and such failure is not cured on or before 60 days, in the
case of the Fixed Rate Preferred Stock, or 10 business days, in the case of the Variable
Rate Preferred Stock, following such failure; or |
|
|
|
|
the Fund fails to maintain the asset coverage requirements as calculated in accordance
with the applicable rating agency guidelines as of any monthly valuation date, and such
failure is not cured on or before 10 business days after such valuation date. |
The redemption price for preferred stock subject to mandatory redemption will be the
liquidation preference, as stated in the Articles Supplementary of each existing series of
preferred stock or the Prospectus Supplement accompanying the issuance of any additional series of
preferred stock, plus an amount equal to any accumulated but unpaid distributions (whether or not
earned or declared) to the date fixed for redemption, plus (in the case of preferred stock having a
dividend period of more than one year) any applicable redemption premium determined by the Board and included in the Articles Supplementary.
The number of shares of preferred stock that will be redeemed in the case of a mandatory
redemption will equal the minimum number of outstanding shares of preferred stock, the redemption
of which, if such redemption had occurred immediately prior to the opening of business on the
applicable cure date, would have resulted in the relevant asset coverage requirement having been
met or, if the required asset coverage cannot be so restored, all of the shares of preferred stock.
In the event that shares of preferred stock are redeemed due to a failure to satisfy the 1940 Act
asset coverage requirements, the Fund may, but is not required to, redeem a sufficient number of
shares of preferred stock so that the Funds assets exceed the asset coverage requirements under
the 1940 Act after the redemption by 10% (that is, 220% asset coverage). In the event that shares
of preferred stock are redeemed due to a failure to satisfy applicable rating agency guidelines,
the Fund may, but is not required to, redeem a sufficient number of shares of preferred stock so
that the Funds discounted portfolio value (as determined in accordance with the applicable rating
agency guidelines) after redemption exceeds the asset coverage requirements of each applicable
rating agency by up to 10% (that is, 110% rating agency asset coverage).
If the Fund does not have funds legally available for the redemption of, or is otherwise
unable to redeem, all the shares of preferred stock to be redeemed on any redemption date, the Fund
will redeem on such redemption date that number of shares for which it has legally available funds,
or is otherwise able to redeem, from the holders whose shares are to be redeemed ratably on the
basis of the redemption price of such shares, and the remainder of those shares to be redeemed will
be redeemed on the earliest practicable date on which the Fund will have funds legally available
for the redemption of, or is otherwise able to redeem, such shares upon written notice of
redemption.
If fewer than all shares of the Funds outstanding preferred stock are to be redeemed, the
Fund, at its discretion and subject to the limitations of the Charter, the 1940 Act, and Maryland
law, will select the one or more series of preferred stock from which shares will be redeemed and
the amount of preferred stock to be redeemed from each such series. If fewer than all shares of a
series of preferred stock are to be redeemed, such redemption will be made as among the holders of
that series pro rata in accordance with the respective number of shares of such series held by each
such holder on the record date for such redemption (or by such other equitable method as the Fund
may determine). If fewer than all shares of preferred stock held by any holder are to be
51
redeemed, the notice of redemption mailed to such holder will specify the number of shares to be
redeemed from such holder, which may be expressed as a percentage of shares held on the applicable
record date.
Optional Redemption of Fixed Rate Preferred Stock. Shares of Fixed Rate Preferred Stock are
not subject to optional redemption by the Fund until the date, if any, specified in the applicable
Prospectus or Prospectus Supplement, unless such redemption is necessary, in the judgment of the
Fund, to maintain the Funds status as a regulated investment company under the Code. Commencing on
such date and thereafter, the Fund may at any time redeem such Fixed Rate Preferred Stock in whole
or in part for cash at a redemption price per share equal to the liquidation preference per share
plus accumulated and unpaid distributions (whether or not earned or declared) to the redemption
date. Such redemptions are subject to the notice requirements set forth under Redemption
Procedures and the limitations of the Charter, the 1940 Act and Maryland law.
Optional Redemption of Variable Rate Preferred Stock. The Fund generally may redeem Variable
Rate Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at its option at any time (usually on a dividend or
distribution payment date), other than during a non-call period. The Fund may designate a non-call
period during a dividend period of more than seven days. In the case of such preferred stock having
a dividend period of one year or less, the redemption price per share will equal the liquidation
preference plus an amount equal to any accumulated but unpaid distributions thereon (whether or not
earned or declared) to the redemption date, and in the case of such preferred stock having a
dividend period of more than one year, the redemption price per share will equal the liquidation
preference plus any redemption premium applicable during such dividend period. Such redemptions are
subject to the notice requirements set forth under Redemption Procedures and the limitations of
the limitations of the Charter, the 1940 Act and Maryland law.
Redemption Procedures. A notice of redemption with respect to an optional redemption will be
given to the holders of record of preferred stock selected for redemption not less than 15 days
(subject to NYSE requirements), in the case of Fixed Rate Preferred Stock, and not less than seven
days, in the case of Variable Rate Preferred Stock, nor, in both cases, more than 40 days prior to
the date fixed for redemption. Preferred shareholders may receive shorter notice in the event of a
mandatory redemption. Each notice of redemption will state (i) the redemption date, (ii) the number
or percentage of shares of preferred stock to be redeemed (which may be expressed as a percentage
of such shares outstanding), (iii) the CUSIP number(s) of such shares, (iv) the redemption price
(specifying the amount of accumulated distributions to be included therein), (v) the place or
places where such shares are to be redeemed, (vi) that distributions on the shares to be redeemed
will cease to accumulate on such redemption date, (vii) the provision of the Articles Supplementary
under which the redemption is being made and (viii) any conditions precedent to such redemption. No
defect in the notice of redemption or in the mailing thereof will affect the validity of the
redemption proceedings, except as required by applicable law.
The holders of preferred shares, whether subject to a variable or fixed rate, will not have
the right to redeem any of their shares at their option.
Liquidation Rights
In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the
Fund, the holders of preferred stock then outstanding will be entitled to receive a preferential
52
liquidating distribution, which is expected to equal the original purchase price per preferred
share plus accumulated and unpaid dividends, whether or not declared, before any distribution of
assets is made to holders of common stock. After payment of the full amount of the liquidating
distribution to which they are entitled, the holders of preferred stock will not be entitled to any
further participation in any distribution of assets by the Fund.
Voting Rights
Except as otherwise stated in this Prospectus, specified in the Funds Charter or resolved by
the Board or as otherwise required by applicable law, holders of preferred stock shall be entitled
to one vote per share held on each matter submitted to a vote of the shareholders of the Fund and
will vote together with holders of common stock and of any other preferred stock then outstanding
as a single class.
In connection with the election of the Funds Directors, holders of the outstanding shares of
preferred stock, voting together as a single class, will be entitled at all times to elect two of
the Funds Directors, and the remaining Directors will be elected by holders of common stock and
holders of preferred stock, voting together as a single class. In addition, if (i) at any time
dividends and distributions on outstanding shares of preferred stock are unpaid in an amount equal
to at least two full years dividends and distributions thereon and sufficient cash or specified
securities have not been deposited with the applicable paying agent for the payment of such
accumulated dividends and distributions or (ii) at any time holders of any other series of
preferred stock are entitled to elect a majority of the Directors of the Fund under the 1940 Act or
the applicable Articles Supplementary creating such shares, then the number of Directors
constituting the Board automatically will be increased by the smallest number that, when added to
the two Directors elected exclusively by the holders of preferred stock as described above, would
then constitute a simple majority of the Board as so increased by such smallest number. Such
additional Directors will be elected by the holders of the outstanding shares of preferred stock,
voting together as a single class, at a special meeting of shareholders which will be called as
soon as practicable and will be held not less than ten nor more than twenty days after the mailing
date of the meeting notice. If the Fund fails to send such meeting notice or to call such a special
meeting, the meeting may be called by any preferred shareholder on like notice. The terms of office
of the persons who are Directors at the time of that election will continue. If the Fund thereafter
pays, or declares and sets apart for payment in full, all dividends and distributions payable on
all outstanding shares of preferred stock for all past dividend periods or the holders of other
series of preferred stock are no longer entitled to elect such additional Directors, the additional
voting rights of the holders of the preferred stock as described above will cease, and the terms of
office of all of the additional Directors elected by the holders of the preferred stock (but not of
the Directors with respect to whose election the holders of common stock were entitled to vote or
the two Directors the holders of preferred stock have the right to elect as a separate class in any
event) will terminate automatically.
So long as shares of preferred stock are outstanding, the Fund will not, without the
affirmative vote of the holders of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the shares of
preferred stock outstanding at the time, and present and voting on such matter, voting separately
as one class, amend, alter or repeal the provisions of the Funds Charter whether by merger,
consolidation or otherwise, so as to materially adversely affect any of the rights, preferences or
powers expressly set forth in the Charter with respect to such shares of preferred stock, unless
the Fund obtains written confirmation from Moodys, S&P or any such other rating agency then
53
rating the preferred stock that such amendment, alteration or repeal would not impair the rating
then assigned by such rating agency to the preferred stock, in which case the vote or consent of
the holders of the preferred stock is not required. Also, to the extent permitted under the 1940
Act, in the event shares of more than one series of preferred stock are outstanding, the Fund will
not approve any of the actions set forth in the preceding sentence which materially adversely
affect the rights, preferences or powers expressly set forth in the Charter with respect to such
shares of a series of preferred stock differently than those of a holder of shares of any other
series of preferred stock without the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the
shares of preferred stock of each series materially adversely affected and outstanding at such time
(each such materially adversely affected series voting separately as a class to the extent its
rights are affected differently). For purposes of this paragraph, no matter shall be deemed to
adversely affect any right, preference or power unless such matter (i) adversely alters or
abolishes any preferential right of such series; (ii) creates, adversely alters or abolishes any
right in respect of redemption of such series; or (iii) creates or adversely alters (other than to
abolish) any restriction on transfer applicable to such series.
Under the Charter and applicable provisions of the 1940 Act or Maryland law, the affirmative
vote of a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of the
preferred stock, voting together as a single class, will be required to approve any plan of
reorganization adversely affecting the preferred stock. The approval of
662/3% of each class, voting separately, of the Funds outstanding voting
stock is required to authorize the conversion of the Fund from a closed-end to an open-end
investment company. The approval of a majority (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) of the
Funds outstanding preferred stock and a majority (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) of the
Funds outstanding voting securities are required to approve any action requiring a vote of
security holders under Section 13(a) of the 1940 Act (other than a conversion of the Fund from a
closed-end to an open-end investment company), including, among other things, changes in the Funds
investment objectives or changes in the investment restrictions described as fundamental policies
under Investment Objectives and Policies in this Prospectus and the SAI, How the Fund Manages
RiskInvestment Restrictions in this Prospectus and Investment Restrictions in the SAI. For
purposes of this paragraph, except as otherwise required under the 1940 Act, the majority of the
outstanding preferred stock means, in accordance with Section 2(a)(42) of the 1940 Act, the vote,
at the annual or a special meeting of the shareholders of the Fund duly called (i) of
662/3% or more of the shares of preferred stock present at such meeting, if
the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of preferred stock are present or
represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of preferred stock, whichever
is less. The class vote of holders of preferred stock described above in each case will be in
addition to a separate vote of the requisite percentage of common stock, and any other preferred
stock, voting together as a single class, that may be necessary to authorize the action in
question.
The calculation of the elements and definitions of certain terms of the rating agency
guidelines may be modified by action of the Board without further action by the shareholders if the
Board determines that such modification is necessary to prevent a reduction in rating of the shares
of preferred stock by Moodys and/or S&P (or such other rating agency then rating the preferred
stock at the request of the Fund), as the case may be, or is in the best interests of the holders
of common stock and is not adverse to the holders of preferred stock in view of advice to the Fund
by the relevant rating agencies that such modification would not adversely affect its then-current
rating of the preferred stock.
54
The foregoing voting provisions will not apply to any series of preferred stock if, at or
prior to the time when the act with respect to which such vote otherwise would be required will be
effected, such stock will have been redeemed or called for redemption and sufficient cash or cash
equivalents provided to the applicable paying agent to effect such redemption. The holders of
preferred stock will have no preemptive rights or rights to cumulative voting.
Limitation on Issuance of Preferred Stock
So long as the Fund has preferred stock outstanding, subject to receipt of approval from the
rating agencies of each series of preferred stock outstanding, and subject to compliance with the
Funds investment objectives, policies and restrictions, the Fund may issue and sell shares of one
or more other series of additional preferred stock provided that the Fund will, immediately after
giving effect to the issuance of such additional preferred stock and to its receipt and application
of the proceeds thereof (including, without limitation, to the redemption of preferred stock to be
redeemed out of such proceeds), have an asset coverage for all senior securities of the Fund
which are stock, as defined in the 1940 Act, of at least 200% of the sum of the liquidation
preference of the shares of preferred stock of the Fund then outstanding and all indebtedness of
the Fund constituting senior securities and no such additional preferred stock will have any
preference or priority over any other preferred stock of the Fund upon the distribution of the
assets of the Fund or in respect of the payment of dividends or distributions.
The Fund will consider from time to time whether to offer additional preferred stock or
securities representing indebtedness and may issue such additional securities if the Board
concludes that such an offering would be consistent with the Funds Charter and applicable law, and
in the best interest of existing common shareholders.
Book Entry. Shares of Fixed Rate Preferred Stock sold through this offering will initially be
held in the name of Cede & Co. as nominee for DTC. The Fund will treat Cede & Co. as the holder of
record of such shares for all purposes. In accordance with the procedures of DTC, however,
purchasers of Fixed Rate Preferred Stock will be deemed the beneficial owners of shares purchased
for purposes of dividends, voting and liquidation rights.
Shares of Variable Rate Preferred Stock will initially be held by the auction agent as
custodian for Cede & Co., in whose name the shares of Variable Rate Preferred Stock will be
registered. The Fund will treat Cede & Co. as the holder of record of the such shares for all
purposes.
ANTI-TAKEOVER PROVISIONS OF THE FUNDS GOVERNING DOCUMENTS
The Fund presently has provisions in its Charter and By-Laws which could have the effect of
limiting, in each case:
|
|
|
the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund; |
|
|
|
|
the Funds freedom to engage in certain transactions; or |
|
|
|
|
the ability of the Funds Directors or shareholders to amend the Governing Documents or
effectuate changes in the Funds management. |
These provisions of the Governing Documents may be regarded as anti-takeover provisions. The
Board is divided into three classes, each having a term of no more than three years.
Each year the term of one class of Directors will expire. Accordingly, only those Directors in one
class may be changed in any one year, and it would require a minimum of
55
two years to change a majority of the Board. Further, one Director in each of two of the
classes of the Fund is elected solely by the holders of the Funds preferred stock and cannot be
removed or replaced by the holders of the common stock. Such system of electing Directors may have
the effect of maintaining the continuity of management and, thus, make it more difficult for the
shareholders of the Fund to change the majority of Directors. A Director of the Fund may be removed
with or without cause by a vote of a majority of the votes entitled to be cast for the election of
such Director.
In
addition, the affirmative vote of the holders of
662/3% of the outstanding shares of each
class (voting separately) of the Fund is required to authorize its conversion from a closed-end to
an open-end investment company or generally to authorize any of the following transactions:
|
|
|
the merger or consolidation of the Fund with any entity; |
|
|
|
|
the issuance of any securities of the Fund for cash to any entity or person; |
|
|
|
|
the sale, lease or exchange of all or any substantial part of the assets of the Fund to
any entity or person (except assets having an aggregate fair market value of less than
$1,000,000); or |
|
|
|
|
the sale, lease or exchange to the Fund, in exchange for securities of the Fund, of any
assets of any entity or person (except assets having an aggregate fair market value of less
than $1,000,000); |
if such person or entity is directly, or indirectly through affiliates, the beneficial owner of
more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Fund, such vote would not be required when, under
certain conditions, the Board approves the transaction. Further, unless a higher percentage is
provided for under the Charter, the affirmative vote of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of
the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of the Funds preferred stock,
voting as a separate class, will be required to approve any plan of reorganization adversely
affecting such stock or any action requiring a vote of security holders under Section 13(a) of the
1940 Act, including, among other things, changing the Funds subclassification as a closed-end
investment company, changing the Funds investment objectives or changing its fundamental
investment restrictions.
Maryland corporations that are subject to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the
1934 Act), and have at least three outside directors, such as the Fund, may by board resolution
elect to become subject to certain corporate governance provisions set forth in the Maryland
corporate law, even if such provisions are inconsistent with the corporations charter and by-laws.
Accordingly, notwithstanding the Funds Governing Documents, under Maryland law the Board may elect
by resolution to, among other things:
|
|
|
require that special meetings of shareholders be called only at the request of
shareholders entitled to cast at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast at such
meeting; |
|
|
|
|
reserve for the Board the right to fix the number of Fund Directors; |
|
|
|
|
provide that Directors are subject to removal only by the vote of the holders of
two-thirds of the stock entitled to vote; and |
|
|
|
|
retain for the Board sole authority to fill vacancies created by the death, removal or
resignation of a Director, with any Director so appointed to serve for the balance of the
unexpired term rather than only until the next annual meeting of shareholders. |
56
The Board may make any of the foregoing elections without amending the Funds Governing
Documents and without shareholder approval. Though a corporations charter or a resolution by its
board may prohibit its directors from making the elections set forth above, the Funds Board
currently is not prohibited from making any such elections.
The provisions of the Governing Documents and Maryland law described above could have the
effect of depriving the owners of shares in the Fund of opportunities to sell their shares at a
premium over prevailing market prices, by discouraging a third party from seeking to obtain control
of the Fund in a tender offer or similar transaction. The overall effect of these provisions is to
render more difficult the accomplishment of a merger or the assumption of control by a principal
shareholder. The Board has determined that the foregoing voting requirements, which are generally
greater than the minimum requirements under Maryland law and the 1940 Act, are in the best
interests of the shareholders generally.
The Governing Documents of the Fund are on file with the SEC.
CLOSED-END FUND STRUCTURE
The Fund is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company (commonly referred to
as a closed-end fund). Closed-end funds differ from open-end funds (which are generally referred
to as mutual funds) in that closed-end funds generally list their shares for trading on a stock
exchange and do not redeem their shares at the request of the shareholder. This means that if you
wish to sell your shares of a closed-end fund you must trade them on the market like any other
stock at the prevailing market price at that time. In a mutual fund, if the shareholder wishes to
sell shares of the Fund, the mutual fund will redeem or buy back the shares at net asset value.
Also, mutual funds generally offer new shares on a continuous basis to new investors, and
closed-end funds generally do not. The continuous inflows and outflows of assets in a mutual fund
can make it difficult to manage the Funds investments. By comparison, closed-end funds are
generally able to stay more fully invested in securities that are consistent with their investment
objective, to have greater flexibility to make certain types of investments and to use certain
investment strategies such as financial leverage and investments in illiquid securities.
Shares of closed-end funds often trade at a discount to their net asset value. Because of
this possibility and the recognition that any such discount may not be in the interest of
shareholders, the Funds Board might consider from time to time engaging in
open-market repurchases, tender offers for shares or other programs intended to reduce a
discount. We cannot guarantee or assure, however, that the Funds Board
will decide to engage in any of these actions. Nor is there any guarantee or assurance that such actions, if
undertaken, would result in the shares trading at a price equal or close to net asset value per
share. The Board might also consider converting the Fund to an open-end mutual fund,
which would also require a supermajority vote of the shareholders of the Fund and a separate vote
of any outstanding preferred shares. We cannot assure you that the Funds common shares will not
trade at a discount.
57
NET ASSET VALUE
For purposes of determining the Funds net asset value per share, portfolio securities listed or
traded on a nationally recognized securities exchange or traded in the U.S. over-the-counter market
for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the last quoted sale price or a
markets official closing price as of the close of business on the day the securities are being
valued. If there were no sales such day, the security is valued at the average of the closing bid
and asked prices or, if there were no asked prices quoted on that day, then the security is valued
at the closing bid price on that day. If no bid or asked prices are quoted on such day, the
security is valued at the most recently available price or, if the Board so determines, by such
other method as the Board shall determine in good faith to reflect its fair market value. Portfolio
securities traded on more than one national securities exchange or market are valued according to
the broadest and most representative market, as determined by the Investment Adviser.
Portfolio securities primarily traded on a foreign market are generally valued at the
preceding closing values of such securities on the relevant market, but may be fair valued pursuant
to procedures established by the Board if market conditions change significantly after the close of
the foreign market but prior to the close of business on the day the securities are being valued.
Debt instruments with remaining maturities of 60 days or less that are not credit impaired are
valued at amortized cost, unless the Board determines such amount does not reflect the securities
fair value, in which case these securities will be fair valued as determined by the Board. Debt
instruments having a maturity greater than 60 days for which market quotations are readily
available are valued at the average of the latest bid and asked prices. If there were no asked
prices quoted on such day, the security is valued using the closing bid price. Futures contracts
are valued at the closing settlement price of the exchange or board of trade on which the
applicable contract is traded.
Securities and assets for which market quotations are not readily available are fair valued as
determined by the Board. Fair valuation methodologies and procedures may include, but are not
limited to: analysis and review of available financial and non-financial information about the
company; comparisons to the valuation and changes in valuation of similar securities, including a
comparison of foreign securities to the equivalent U.S. dollar value ADR securities at the close of
the U.S. exchange; and evaluation of any other information that could be indicative of the value of
the security.
The Fund obtains valuation on the basis of prices provided by one or more pricing services
approved by the Board. All other investment assets, including restricted and not readily marketable
securities, are valued at their fair value as determined in good faith under procedures established
by and under the general supervision of the Board. In addition, whenever developments in one or
more securities markets after the close of the principal markets for one or more portfolio
securities and before the time as of which the Fund determines its net asset value would, if such
developments had been reflected in such principal markets, likely have had more than a minimal
effect on the Funds asset value per share, the Fund may fair value such portfolio securities based
on available market information as of the time the Fund determines its net asset value.
58
TAXATION
The following discussion is a brief summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations
affecting the Fund and its shareholders. This discussion reflects applicable tax laws of the United
States as of the date of this Prospectus, which tax laws may be changed or subject to new
interpretations by the courts or the Internal Revenue Service (the IRS) retroactively or
prospectively. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of all U.S. federal, state,
local and foreign tax concerns affecting the Fund and its shareholders (including shareholders
owning a large position in the Fund), and the discussions set forth herein do not constitute tax
advice. Investors are urged to consult their own tax advisers to determine the tax consequences to
them of investing in the Fund.
Taxation of the Fund
The Fund has elected to be treated and has qualified, and intends to continue to qualify, as a
regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. Accordingly, the Fund must, among
other things, meet the following requirements regarding the source of its income and the
diversification of its assets:
|
(i) |
|
The Fund must derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income
from the following sources, which are referred to herein as Qualifying Income: (a)
dividends, interest (including tax-exempt interest), payments with respect to certain
securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or
foreign currencies, and other income (including but not limited to gain from options,
futures and forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in
such stock, securities or foreign currencies; and (b) interests in publicly traded
partnerships that are treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes and
that derive less than 90% of their gross income from the items described in (a) above
(each a Qualified Publicly Traded Partnership). |
|
|
|
(ii) |
|
The Fund must diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of
each taxable year (a) at least 50% of the market value of the Funds total assets is
represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, the securities of
other regulated investment companies and other securities, with such other securities
limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value
of the Funds total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities
of such issuer and (b) not more than 25% of the market value of the Funds total
assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities and the
securities of other regulated investment companies) of (I) any one issuer, (II) any
two or more issuers in which the Fund owns 20% or more of the voting
stock and that are determined to be engaged in
the same business or similar or related trades or businesses or (III) any one or more
Qualified Publicly Traded Partnerships. |
|
As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally will not be subject to U.S. federal
income tax on income and gains that the Fund distributes to its shareholders, provided that it
distributes each taxable year at least the sum of (i) 90% of the Funds investment company taxable
income (which includes, among other items, dividends, interest and the excess of any net short-term
capital gain over net long-term capital loss and other taxable income, other than any
59
net long-term capital gain, reduced by deductible expenses) determined without regard to the
deduction for dividends paid and (ii) 90% of the Funds net tax-exempt interest (the excess of its
gross tax-exempt interest over certain disallowed deductions). The Fund intends to distribute
substantially all of such income at least annually. The Fund will be subject to income tax at
regular corporation rates on any taxable income or gains that it does not distribute to its
shareholders.
The Code imposes a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the Fund to the extent the Fund does not
distribute by the end of any calendar year an amount at least equal to the sum of (i) 98% of its
ordinary income (not taking into account any capital gain or loss) for the calendar year and (ii)
98% of its capital gain in excess of its capital loss (adjusted for certain ordinary losses) for a
one-year period generally ending on October 31 of the calendar year (unless an election is made to
use the Funds fiscal year). In addition, the minimum amounts that must be distributed in any year
to avoid the excise tax will be increased or decreased to reflect any under-distribution or
over-distribution, as the case may be, from the previous year. While the Fund intends to distribute
any income and capital gain in the manner necessary to minimize imposition of the 4% excise tax,
there can be no assurance that sufficient amounts of the Funds taxable income and capital gain
will be distributed to entirely avoid the imposition of the excise tax. In that event, the Fund
will be liable for the excise tax only on the amount by which it does not meet the foregoing
distribution requirement.
If for any taxable year the Fund does not qualify as a regulated investment company, all of
its taxable income (including its net capital gain) will be subject to tax at regular corporate
rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders.
Taxation of Shareholders
Distributions paid to you by the Fund from its net realized long-term capital gains, if any,
that the Fund designates as capital gains dividends (capital gain dividends) are taxable as
long-term capital gains, regardless of how long you have held your shares. All other dividends paid
to you by the Fund (including dividends from short-term capital gains) from its current or
accumulated earnings and profits (ordinary income dividends) are generally subject to tax as
ordinary income.
Special rules apply, however, to ordinary income dividends paid to individuals with respect to
taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010. If you are an individual, any such ordinary
income dividend that you receive from the Fund generally will be eligible for taxation at the
Federal rates applicable to long-term capital gains (currently at a maximum rate of 15%) to the
extent that (i) the ordinary income dividend is attributable to qualified dividend income (i.e.,
generally dividends paid by U.S. corporations and certain foreign corporations) received by the
Fund, (ii) the Fund satisfies certain holding period and other requirements with respect to the
stock on which such qualified dividend income was paid and (iii) you satisfy certain holding period
and other requirements with respect to your shares. There can be no assurance as to what portion of
the Funds ordinary income dividends will constitute qualified dividend income.
Any distributions you receive that are in excess of the Funds current or accumulated earnings
and profits will be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of your adjusted tax
basis in your shares, and thereafter as capital gain from the sale of shares. The amount of any
Fund distribution that is treated as a tax-free return of capital will reduce your adjusted tax
basis
60
in your shares, thereby increasing your potential gain or reducing your potential loss on any
subsequent sale or other disposition of your shares.
Dividends and other taxable distributions are taxable to you even if they are reinvested in
additional common shares of the Fund. Dividends and other distributions paid by the Fund are
generally treated under the Code as received by you at the time the dividend or distribution is
made. If, however, the Fund pays you a dividend in January that was declared in the previous
October, November or December and you were the shareholder of record on a specified date in one of
such months, then such dividend will be treated for tax purposes as being paid by the Fund and
received by you on December 31 of the year in which the dividend was declared.
The Fund will send you information after the end of each year setting forth the amount and tax
status of any distributions paid to you by the Fund.
The sale or other disposition of shares of the Fund will generally result in capital gain or
loss to you, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if you have held such shares for more than
one year at the time of sale. Any loss upon the sale or exchange of shares held for six months or
less will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of any capital gain dividends received
(including amounts credited as an undistributed capital gain dividend) by you with respect to such
shares. Any loss you realize on a sale or exchange of shares will be disallowed if you acquire
other shares (whether through the automatic reinvestment of dividends or otherwise) within a 61-day
period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after your sale or exchange of the shares. In
such case, your tax basis in the shares acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
The Fund may be required to withhold, for U.S. federal backup withholding tax purposes, a
portion of the dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds payable to shareholders who fail to
provide the Fund (or its agent) with their correct taxpayer identification number (in the case of
individuals, generally, their social security number) or to make required certifications, or who
have been notified by the IRS that they are subject to backup withholding. Certain shareholders are
exempt from backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amount withheld
may be refunded or credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, provided that
you furnish the required information to the IRS.
CUSTODIAN, TRANSFER AGENT
AND DIVIDEND DISBURSING AGENT
Mellon Trust of New England, N.A., located at 135 Santilli Highway, Everett,
Massachusetts 02149, serves as the custodian of the Funds assets pursuant to a custody agreement.
Under the custody agreement, the Custodian holds the Funds assets in compliance with the 1940 Act.
For its services, the Custodian receives a monthly fee based upon the average weekly value of the
total assets of the Fund, plus certain charges for securities transactions.
Computershare, located at 250 Royall Street, Canton, Massachusetts 02021, serves as the Funds
dividend disbursing agent, as agent under the Funds Plan and as transfer agent and registrar with
respect to the common stock of the Fund.
Computershare also serves as the Funds transfer agent, registrar, dividend disbursing agent
and redemption agent with respect to the Series D Preferred and Series F Preferred.
61
The Bank of New York, located at 100 Church Street, New York, New York 10286, serves as the
auction agent, transfer agent, registrar, dividend disbursing agent and redemption agent with
respect to the Series C Auction Rate Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We may sell shares through underwriters or dealers, directly to one or more purchasers,
through agents, to or through underwriters or dealers, or through a combination of any such methods
of sale. The applicable Prospectus Supplement will identify any underwriter or agent involved in
the offer and sale of our shares, any sales loads, discounts, commissions, fees or other
compensation paid to any underwriter, dealer or agent, the offering price, net proceeds and use of
proceeds and the terms of any sale.
The distribution of our shares may be effected from time to time in one or more transactions
at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, at prevailing market prices at the time of sale,
at prices related to such prevailing market prices, or at negotiated prices, provided, however,
that the offering price per share in the case of common shares, must equal or exceed the net asset
value per share, exclusive of any underwriting commissions or discounts, of our common shares.
We may sell our shares directly to, and solicit offers from, institutional investors or
others who may be deemed to be underwriters as defined in the Securities Act of 1933 (the
Securities Act) for any resales of the securities. In this case, no underwriters or agents would
be involved. We may use electronic media, including the Internet, to sell offered securities
directly.
In connection with the sale of our shares, underwriters or agents may receive compensation
from us in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions. Underwriters may sell our shares to
or through dealers, and such dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions
or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act
as agents. Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of our shares may
be deemed to be underwriters under the Securities Act, and any discounts and commissions they
receive from us and any profit realized by them on the resale of our shares may be deemed to be
underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. Any such underwriter or agent
will be identified and any such compensation received from us will be described in the applicable
Prospectus Supplement. The maximum commission or discount to be received by any NASD member or
independent broker-dealer will not exceed eight percent. We will not pay any compensation to any
underwriter or agent in the form of warrants, options, consulting or structuring fees or similar
arrangements.
If a Prospectus Supplement so indicates, we may grant the underwriters an option to purchase
additional shares at the public offering price, less the underwriting discounts and commissions,
within 45 days from the date of the Prospectus Supplement, to cover any overallotments.
62
Under agreements into which we may enter, underwriters, dealers and agents who participate in
the distribution of our shares may be entitled to indemnification by us against certain
liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. Underwriters, dealers and agents may
engage in transactions with us, or perform services for us, in the ordinary course of business.
If so indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, we will ourselves, or will authorize
underwriters or other persons acting as our agents to solicit offers by certain institutions to
purchase our shares from us pursuant to contracts providing for payment and delivery on a
future date. Institutions with which such contacts may be made include commercial and savings
banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies, educational and charitable
institutions and others, but in all cases such institutions must be approved by us. The obligation
of any purchaser under any such contract will be subject to the condition that the purchase of the
shares shall not at the time of delivery be prohibited under the laws of the jurisdiction to
which such purchaser is subject. The underwriters and such other agents will not have any
responsibility in respect of the validity or performance of such contracts. Such contracts will be
subject only to those conditions set forth in the Prospectus Supplement, and the Prospectus
Supplement will set forth the commission payable for solicitation of such contracts.
63
To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations promulgated
thereunder, the underwriters may from time to time act as brokers or dealers and receive fees in
connection with the execution of our portfolio transactions after the underwriters have ceased to
be underwriters and, subject to certain restrictions, each may act as a broker while it is an
underwriter.
A Prospectus and accompanying Prospectus Supplement in electronic form may be made available
on the websites maintained by underwriters. The underwriters may agree to allocate a number of
securities for sale to their online brokerage account holders. Such allocations of securities for
Internet distributions will be made on the same basis as other allocations. In addition,
securities may be sold by the underwriters to securities dealers who resell securities to online
brokerage account holders.
In order to comply with the securities laws of certain states, if applicable, our shares
offered hereby will be sold in such jurisdictions only through registered or licensed brokers or
dealers.
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters will be passed on by Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, 787 Seventh Avenue,
New York, New York 10019 in connection with the offering of the
preferred stock. Counsel for the Fund will rely, as to certain matters
of Maryland law, on Venable LLP, 1800 Mercantile Bank and Trust
Building, 2 Hopkins Plaza, Baltimore, Maryland 21201.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
serves as the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm of the Fund and
audits the financial statements of the Fund. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
is located at 300 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10017.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Fund is subject to the informational requirements of the 1934 Act and the 1940 Act and in
accordance therewith files, or will file, reports and other information with the SEC. Reports,
proxy statements and other information filed by the Fund with the SEC pursuant to the informational
requirements of the 1934 Act and the 1940 Act can be inspected and copied at the public reference
facilities maintained by the SEC, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. The SEC maintains a
web site at http://www.sec.gov containing reports, proxy and information statements and other
information regarding registrants, including the Fund, that file electronically with the SEC.
The Funds common stock, Series D Preferred and Series F Preferred are listed on the
NYSE. Reports, proxy statements and other information concerning the Fund and filed with the SEC
by the Fund will be available for inspection at the NYSE, 20 Broad Street, New York, New York,
10005.
This Prospectus constitutes part of a Registration Statement filed by the Fund with the SEC
under the Securities Act and the 1940 Act. This Prospectus omits certain of the information
64
contained in the Registration Statement, and reference is hereby made to the Registration
Statement and related exhibits for further information with respect to the Fund and the
shares offered hereby. Any statements contained herein concerning the provisions of any document
are not necessarily complete, and, in each instance, reference is made to the copy of such document
filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement or otherwise filed with the SEC. Each such
statement is qualified in its entirety by such reference. The complete Registration Statement may
be obtained from the SEC upon payment of the fee prescribed by its rules and regulations or free of
charge through the SECs web site (http://www.sec.gov).
PRIVACY PRINCIPLES OF THE FUND
The Fund is committed to maintaining the privacy of its shareholders and to safeguarding their
non-public personal information. The following information is provided to help you understand what
personal information the Fund collects, how the Fund protects that information and why, in certain
cases, the Fund may share information with select other parties.
Generally, the Fund does not receive any non-public personal information relating to its
shareholders, although certain non-public personal information of its shareholders may become
available to the Fund. The Fund does not disclose any non-public personal information about its
shareholders or former shareholders to anyone, except as permitted by law or as is necessary in
order to service shareholder accounts (for example, to a transfer agent or third party
administrator).
The Fund restricts access to non-public personal information about its shareholders to
employees of the Funds Investment Adviser and its affiliates with a legitimate business need for
the information. The Fund maintains physical, electronic and procedural safeguards designed to
protect the non-public personal information of its shareholders.
65
TABLE OF CONTENTS OF STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
An SAI
dated as of March 19,
2008, has been filed with the SEC and is incorporated by
reference in this Prospectus. An SAI may be obtained without charge by writing to the Fund at its
address at One Corporate Center, Rye, New York 10580-1422 or by calling the Fund toll-free at (800)
GABELLI (422-3554). The Table of Contents of the SAI is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Page |
THE FUND
|
|
A-1 |
|
|
|
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
|
|
A-1 |
|
|
|
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
|
|
A-10 |
|
|
|
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
|
|
A-12 |
|
|
|
AUCTIONS FOR AUCTION RATE PREFERRED STOCK
|
|
A-24 |
|
|
|
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
|
|
A-27 |
|
|
|
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
|
|
A-28 |
|
|
|
TAXATION
|
|
A-28 |
|
|
|
BENEFICIAL OWNERS |
|
A-35 |
|
|
|
GENERAL INFORMATION
|
|
A-35 |
|
|
|
Appendix A Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
|
|
A-38 |
66
No person has been authorized to give any information or to make any representations in
connection with this offering other than those contained in this Prospectus in connection with the
offer contained herein, and, if given or made, such other information or representations must not
be relied upon as having been authorized by the Fund, the Investment Adviser or the
underwriters. Neither the delivery of this Prospectus nor any sale made hereunder will, under any
circumstances, create any implication that there has been no change in the affairs of the Fund
since the date hereof or that the information contained herein is correct as of any time subsequent
to its date. This Prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to
buy any securities other than the securities to which it relates. This Prospectus does not
constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy such securities in any
circumstance in which such an offer or solicitation is unlawful.
$500,000,000
The Gabelli Equity Trust Inc.
Preferred Stock
PROSPECTUS
March 19,
2008
Dated March 19, 2008
THE GABELLI EQUITY TRUST INC.
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Gabelli Equity Trust Inc. (the Fund) is a non-diversified, closed-end management
investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940
Act). The Funds primary investment objective is to achieve long-term growth of capital by
investing primarily in a portfolio of equity securities consisting of common stock, preferred
stock, convertible or exchangeable securities and warrants and rights to purchase such securities.
Income is a secondary investment objective. The Fund commenced investment operations on August 21,
1986. Gabelli Funds, LLC (the Investment Adviser) serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
This Statement of Additional Information (the SAI) does not constitute a prospectus, but
should be read in conjunction with the Funds prospectus
relating thereto dated March 19, 2008, and
as it may be supplemented. This SAI does not include all information that a prospective investor
should consider before investing in the Funds shares, and investors should obtain and read
the Funds prospectus prior to purchasing such shares. A copy of the Funds Registration
Statement, including the prospectus and any supplement, may be obtained from the Securities and
Exchange Commission (the SEC) upon payment of the fee prescribed, or inspected at the SECs
office or via its website (www.sec.gov) at no charge.
This
SAI is dated March 19, 2008.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Page |
|
|
|
|
A-1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A-1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A-10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A-12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A-24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A-27 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A-28 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A-28 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A-35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A-35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A-38 |
|
The Prospectus and this SAI omit certain information contained in the registration statement
filed with the SEC, Washington D.C. The registration statement may be obtained from the SEC upon
payment of the fee prescribed, or inspected at the SECs office at no charge.
THE FUND
The Fund was incorporated in Maryland on May 20, 1986 and is a non-diversified, closed-end
management investment company registered under the 1940 Act. The common stock of the Fund is listed
on the New York Stock Exchange (the NYSE) under the symbol GAB. The Funds 5.875% Series D
Cumulative Preferred Stock (the Series D Preferred) is listed and traded on the NYSE under the
symbol GAB PrD. The Funds 6.20% Series F Cumulative Preferred Stock (the Series F Preferred)
is listed and traded on the NYSE under the symbol GAB PrF.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
Investment Objectives
The Funds primary investment objective is to achieve long-term growth of capital by investing
primarily in a portfolio of equity securities consisting of common stock, preferred stock,
convertible or exchangeable securities and warrants and rights to purchase such securities selected
by the Investment Adviser. Income is a secondary investment objective. Under normal market
conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of the value of its total assets in equity
securities. See Investment Objectives and Policies in the Prospectus.
Investment Practices
Special Situations. Although the Fund typically invests in the securities of companies on the
basis of fundamental value, the Fund from time to time may, as a non-principal investment strategy,
invest in companies that are determined by the Investment Adviser to possess special situation
characteristics. In general, a special situation company is a company whose securities are expected
to increase in value solely by reason of a development particularly or uniquely applicable to the
company. Developments that may create special situations include, among others, a liquidation,
reorganization, recapitalization or merger, material litigation, technological breakthrough or new
management or management policies. The principal risk associated with investments in special
situation companies is that the anticipated development thought to create
A-1
the special situation may not occur and the investment therefore may not appreciate in value or may
decline in value.
Options. The Fund may, subject to guidelines of the Board of Directors (the Board), purchase
or sell (i.e., write) options on securities, securities indices and foreign currencies which are
listed on a national securities exchange or in the United States over-the-counter (OTC) markets
as a means of achieving additional return or of hedging the value of the Funds portfolio.
The Fund may write covered call options on common stocks that it owns or has an immediate
right to acquire through conversion or exchange of other securities in an amount not to exceed 25%
of total assets or invest up to 10% of its total assets in the purchase of put options on common
stocks that the Fund owns or may acquire through the conversion or exchange of other securities
that it owns.
A call option is a contract that gives the holder of the option the right to buy from the
writer (seller) of the call option, in return for a premium paid, the security or currency
underlying the option at a specified exercise price at any time during the term of the option. The
writer of the call option has the obligation, upon exercise of the option, to deliver the
underlying security or currency upon payment of the exercise price during the option period.
A put option is the reverse of a call option, giving the holder the right, in return for a
premium, to sell the underlying security or currency to the writer, at a specified price, and
obligating the writer to purchase the underlying security or currency from the holder at that
price. The writer of the put, who receives the premium, has the obligation to buy the underlying
security or currency upon exercise, at the exercise price during the option period.
If the Fund has written an option, it may terminate its obligation by effecting a closing
purchase transaction. This is accomplished by purchasing an option of the same series as the option
previously written. There can be no assurance that a closing purchase transaction can be effected
when the Fund so desires.
An exchange-traded option may be closed out only on an exchange that provides a secondary
market for an option of the same series. Although the Fund will generally purchase or write only
those options for which there appears to be an active secondary market, there is no assurance that
a liquid secondary market on an exchange will exist for any particular option.
A call option is covered if the Fund owns the underlying instrument covered by the call or
has an absolute and immediate right to acquire that instrument without additional cash
consideration upon conversion or exchange of another instrument held in its portfolio (or for
additional cash consideration held in a segregated account by its custodian). A call option is also
covered if the Fund holds a call on the same instrument as the call written where the exercise
price of the call held is (i) equal to or less than the exercise price of the call written or (ii)
greater than the exercise price of the call written if the difference is maintained by the Fund in
cash, U.S. Government Obligations (as defined under Investment Restrictions) or other high-grade
short-term obligations in a segregated account with its custodian. A put option is covered if the
Fund maintains cash or other high grade short-term obligations with a value equal to the exercise
price in a segregated account with its custodian, or else holds a put on the same instrument as the
put written where the exercise price of the put held is equal to or greater than the exercise price
of the put written. If the Fund has written an option, it may terminate its obligation by effecting
a closing purchase transaction. This is accomplished by purchasing an option of the same series as
the option previously written. However, once the Fund has been assigned an exercise notice, the
A-2
Fund will be unable to effect a closing purchase transaction. Similarly, if the Fund is the holder
of an option it may liquidate its position by effecting a closing sale transaction. This is
accomplished by selling an option of the same series as the option previously purchased. There can
be no assurance that either a closing purchase or sale transaction can be effected when the Fund so
desires.
The Fund will realize a profit from a closing transaction if the price of the transaction is
less than the premium received from writing the option or is more than the premium paid to purchase
the option; the Fund will realize a loss from a closing transaction if the price of the transaction
is more than the premium received from writing the option or is less than the premium paid to
purchase the option. Since call option prices generally reflect increases in the price of the
underlying security, any loss resulting from the repurchase of a call option may also be wholly or
partially offset by unrealized appreciation of the underlying security. Other principal factors
affecting the market value of a put or call option include supply and demand, interest rates, the
current market price and price volatility of the underlying security and the time remaining until
the expiration date. Gains and losses on investments in options depend, in part, on the ability of
the Investment Adviser to predict correctly the effect of these factors. The use of options cannot
serve as a complete hedge since the price movement of securities underlying the options will not
necessarily follow the price movements of the portfolio securities subject to the hedge.
An option position may be closed out only on an exchange that provides a secondary market for
an option of the same series or in a private transaction. Although the Fund will generally purchase
or write only those options for which there appears to be an active secondary market, there is no
assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange will exist for any particular option. In
such event, it might not be possible to effect closing transactions in particular options, so the
Fund would have to exercise its options in order to realize any profit and would incur brokerage
commissions upon the exercise of call options and upon the subsequent disposition of underlying
securities for the exercise of put options. If the Fund, as a covered call option writer, is unable
to effect a closing purchase transaction in a secondary market, it will not be able to sell the
underlying security until the option expires or until the Fund delivers the underlying security
upon exercise or otherwise covers the position.
In addition to options on securities, the Fund may also purchase and sell call and put options
on securities indices. A stock index reflects in a single number the market value of many different
stocks.
Relative values are assigned to the stocks included in an index and the index fluctuates with
changes in the market values of the stocks. The options give the holder the right to receive a cash
settlement during the term of the option based on the difference between the exercise price and the
value of the index. By writing a put or call option on a securities index, the Fund is obligated,
in return for the premium received, to make delivery of this amount. The Fund may offset its
position in the stock index options prior to expiration by entering into a closing transaction on
an exchange, or it may let the option expire unexercised.
The Fund may also buy or sell put and call options on foreign currencies. A put option on a
foreign currency gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell a foreign currency at the
exercise price until the option expires. A call option on a foreign currency gives the purchaser of
the option the right to purchase the currency at the exercise price until the option expires.
Currency options traded on U.S. or other exchanges may be subject to position limits which may
A-3
limit the ability of the Fund to reduce foreign currency risk using such options. Over-the-counter
options differ from exchange-traded options in that they are two-party contracts with price and
other terms negotiated between buyer and seller and generally do not have as much market liquidity
as exchange-traded options. Over-the-counter options are considered illiquid securities.
Use of options on securities indices entails the risk that trading in the options may be
interrupted if trading in certain securities included in the index is interrupted. The Fund will
not purchase these options unless the Investment Adviser is satisfied with the development, depth
and liquidity of the market and the Investment Adviser believes the options can be closed out.
Price movements in the portfolio of the Fund may not correlate precisely with the movements in
the level of an index and, therefore, the use of options on indices cannot serve as a complete
hedge and will depend, in part, on the ability of the Investment Adviser to predict correctly
movements in the direction of the stock market generally or of a particular industry. Because
options on securities indices require settlement in cash, the Fund may be forced to liquidate
portfolio securities to meet settlement obligations.
Although the Investment Adviser will attempt to take appropriate measures to minimize the
risks relating to the Funds writing of put and call options, there can be no assurance that the
Fund will succeed in any option writing program it undertakes.
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures. A sale of a futures contract (or a short futures
position) means the assumption of a contractual obligation to deliver the assets underlying the
contract at a specified price at a specified future time. A purchase of a futures contract (or a
long futures position) means the assumption of a contractual obligation to acquire the assets
underlying the contract at a specified price at a specified future time. Certain futures contracts,
including stock and bond index futures, are settled on a net cash payment basis rather than by the
sale and delivery of the assets underlying the futures contracts. No consideration will be paid or
received by the Fund upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Initially, the Fund will be
required to deposit with the broker an amount of cash or cash equivalents equal to approximately 1%
to 10% of the contract amount (this amount is subject to change by the exchange or board of trade
on which the contract is traded and brokers or members of such board of trade may charge a higher
amount). This amount is known as initial margin and is in the nature of a performance bond or
good faith deposit on the contract. Subsequent payments, known as variation margin, to and from
the broker will be made daily as the price of the index or security underlying the futures
contracts fluctuates. At any time prior to the expiration of a futures contract, the Fund may close
the position by taking an opposite position, which will operate to terminate its existing position
in the contract.
An option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid,
to assume a position in a futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time prior to the
expiration of the option. Upon exercise of an option, the delivery of the futures positions by the
writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated
balance in the writers futures margin account attributable to that contract, which represents the
amount by which the market price of the futures contract exceeds, in the case of a call, or is less
than, in the case of a put, the exercise price of the option on the futures contract. The potential
loss related to the purchase of an option on futures contracts is limited to the premium paid for
the option (plus transaction costs). Because the value of the option purchased is fixed at the
point of sale, there are no daily cash payments by the purchaser to reflect changes
A-4
in the value of the underlying contract; however, the value of the option does change daily and
that change would be reflected in the net assets of the Fund.
Futures and options on futures entail certain risks, including but not limited to the
following: no assurance that futures contracts or options on futures can be offset at favorable
prices, possible reduction of the yield of the Fund due to the use of hedging, possible reduction
in value of both the securities hedged and the hedging instrument, possible lack of liquidity due
to daily limits on price fluctuations, imperfect correlation between the contracts and the
securities being hedged, losses from investing in futures transactions that are potentially
unlimited and the segregation requirements described below.
In the event the Fund sells a put option or enters into long futures contracts, under current
interpretations of the 1940 Act, an amount of cash, obligations of the U.S. government and its
agencies and instrumentalities or other liquid securities equal to the market value of the contract
must be deposited and maintained in a segregated account with the custodian of the Fund to
collateralize the positions, thereby ensuring that the use of the contract is unleveraged. For
short positions in futures contracts and sales of call options, the Fund may establish a segregated
account (not with a futures commission merchant or broker) with cash or liquid securities that,
when added to amounts deposited with a futures commission merchant or a broker as margin, equal the
market value of the instruments or currency underlying the futures contract or call option or the
market price at which the short positions were established.
Interest Rate Futures Contracts and Options Thereon. The Fund may purchase or sell interest
rate futures contracts to take advantage of, or to protect the Fund against fluctuations in
interest rates affecting the value of debt securities which the Fund holds or intends to acquire.
For example, if interest rates are expected to increase, the Fund might sell futures contracts on
debt securities the values of which historically have a high degree of positive correlation to the
values of the Funds portfolio securities. Such a sale would have an effect similar to selling an
equivalent value of the Funds portfolio securities. If interest rates increase, the value of the
Funds portfolio securities will decline, but the value of the futures contracts to the Fund will
increase at approximately an equivalent rate, thereby keeping the net asset value of the Fund from
declining as much as it otherwise would have. The Fund could accomplish similar results by selling
debt securities with longer maturities and investing in debt securities with shorter maturities
when interest rates are expected to increase. However, since the futures market may be more liquid
than the cash market, the use of futures contracts as a risk management technique allows the Fund
to maintain a defensive position without having to sell its portfolio securities.
Similarly, the Fund may purchase interest rate futures contracts when it is expected that
interest rates may decline. The purchase of futures contracts for this purpose constitutes a hedge
against increases in the price of debt securities (caused by declining interest rates) which the
Fund intends to acquire. Since fluctuations in the value of appropriately selected futures
contracts should approximate that of the debt securities that will be purchased, the Fund can take
advantage of the anticipated rise in the cost of the debt securities without actually buying them.
Subsequently, the Fund can make its intended purchase of the debt securities in the cash market and
concurrently liquidate its futures position. To the extent the Fund enters into futures contracts
for this purpose, it will maintain, in a segregated asset account with the Funds custodian, assets
sufficient to cover the Funds obligations with respect to such futures contracts, which will
consist of cash or other liquid securities from its portfolio in an amount equal to the difference
between the fluctuating market value of such futures contracts and the aggregate value
A-5
of the initial margin deposited by the Fund with its custodian with respect to such futures
contracts.
The purchase of a call option on a futures contract is similar in some respects to the
purchase of a call option on an individual security. Depending on the pricing of the option
compared to either the price of the futures contract upon which it is based or the price of the
underlying debt securities, it may or may not be less risky than ownership of the futures contract
or underlying debt securities. As with the purchase of futures contracts, when the Fund is not
fully invested it may purchase a call option on a futures contract to hedge against a market
advance due to declining interest rates.
The purchase of a put option on a futures contract is similar to the purchase of protective
put options on portfolio securities. The Fund will purchase a put option on a futures contract to
hedge the its portfolio against the risk of rising interest rates and consequent reduction in the
value of portfolio securities.
The writing of a call option on a futures contract constitutes a partial hedge against
declining prices of the securities that are deliverable upon exercise of the futures contract. If
the futures price at expiration of the option is below the exercise price, the Fund will retain the
full amount of the option premium, which provides a partial hedge against any decline that may have
occurred in the its portfolio holdings. The writing of a put option on a futures contract
constitutes a partial hedge against increasing prices of the securities that are deliverable upon
exercise of the futures contract. If the futures price at expiration of the option is higher than
the exercise price, the Fund will retain the full amount of the option premium, which provides a
partial hedge against any increase in the price of debt securities that it intends to purchase. If
a put or call option the Fund has written is exercised, the Fund will incur a loss which will be
reduced by the amount of the premium it received. Depending on the degree of correlation between
changes in the value of its portfolio securities and changes in the value of its futures positions,
the Funds losses from options on futures it has written may to some extent be reduced or increased
by changes in the value of its portfolio securities.
Currency Futures and Options Thereon. Generally, foreign currency futures contracts and
options thereon are similar to the interest rate futures contracts and options thereon discussed
previously. By entering into currency futures and options thereon, the Fund will seek to establish
the rate at which it will be entitled to exchange U.S. dollars for another currency at a future
time. By selling currency futures, the Fund will seek to establish the number of dollars it will
receive at delivery for a certain amount of a foreign currency. In this way, whenever the Fund
anticipates a decline in the value of a foreign currency against the U.S. dollar, the Fund can
attempt to lock in the U.S. dollar value of some or all of the securities held in its portfolio
that are denominated in that currency. By purchasing currency futures, the Fund can establish the
number of dollars it will be required to pay for a specified amount of a foreign currency in a
future month. Thus, if the Fund intends to buy securities in the future and expects the U.S. dollar
to decline against the relevant foreign currency during the period before the purchase is effected,
the Fund can attempt to lock in the price in U.S. dollars of the securities it intends to acquire.
The purchase of options on currency futures will allow the Fund, for the price of the premium
and related transaction costs it must pay for the option, to decide whether or not to buy (in the
case of a call option) or to sell (in the case of a put option) a futures contract at a specified
price at any time during the period before the option expires. If the Investment Adviser, in
purchasing an option, has been correct in its judgment concerning the direction in which the
A-6
price of a foreign currency would move as against the U.S. dollar, the Fund may exercise the option
and thereby take a futures position to hedge against the risk it had correctly anticipated or close
out the option position at a gain that will offset, to some extent, currency exchange losses
otherwise suffered by the Fund. If exchange rates move in a way the Fund did not anticipate,
however, the Fund will have incurred the expense of the option without obtaining the expected
benefit; any such movement in exchange rates may also thereby reduce, rather than enhance, the
Funds profits on its underlying securities transactions.
Securities Index Futures Contracts and Options Thereon. Purchases or sales of securities index
futures contracts are used for hedging purposes to attempt to protect the Funds current or
intended investments from broad fluctuations in stock or bond prices. For example, the Fund may
sell securities index futures contracts in anticipation of or during a market decline to attempt to
offset the decrease in market value of the its securities portfolio that might otherwise result. If
such decline occurs, the loss in value of portfolio securities may be offset, in whole or part, by
gains on the futures position. When the Fund is not fully invested in the securities market and
anticipates a significant market advance, it may purchase securities index futures contracts in
order to gain rapid market exposure that may, in part or entirely, offset increases in the cost of
securities that it intends to purchase. As such purchases are made, the corresponding positions in
securities index futures contracts will be closed out. The Fund may write put and call options on
securities index futures contracts for hedging purposes.
Limitations on the Purchase and Sale of Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts.
The Investment Adviser has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term commodity pool
operator under the Commodity Exchange Act and therefore is not subject to registration under the
Commodity Exchange Act. Accordingly, the Funds investments in derivative instruments described in
the Prospectus and this SAI are not limited by or subject to regulation under the Commodity
Exchange Act or otherwise regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. Nevertheless, the
Funds investment restrictions place certain limitations and prohibitions on the Funds ability to
purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts. See Investment Restrictions. Under these
restrictions, the Fund may not enter into futures contracts or options on futures contracts unless
(i) the aggregate initial margins and premiums do not exceed 5% of the fair market value of the
Funds total assets and (ii) the aggregate market value of the Funds outstanding futures contracts
and the market value of the currencies and futures contracts subject to outstanding options written
by the Fund, as the case may be, do not exceed 50% of the market value of the Funds total assets.
In addition, investment in futures contracts and related options generally will be limited by the
rating agency guidelines applicable to any of the Funds preferred stock.
Forward Currency Exchange Contracts. The Fund may engage in currency transactions other than
on futures exchanges to protect against future changes in the level of future currency exchange
rates. The Fund will conduct such currency exchange transactions either on a spot (i.e., cash)
basis at the rate then prevailing in the currency exchange market or on a forward basis, by
entering into forward contracts to purchase or sell currency. A forward contract on foreign
currency involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may
be any fixed number of days agreed upon by the parties from the date of the contract, at a price
set on the date of the contract. Dealing in forward currency exchange will be limited to hedging
involving either specific transactions or portfolio positions. Transaction hedging is the purchase
or sale of forward currency with respect to specific receivables or payables of the Fund
A-7
generally arising in connection with the purchase or sale of its portfolio securities and accruals
of interest receivable and Fund expenses. Position hedging is the forward sale of currency with
respect to portfolio security positions denominated or quoted in that currency or in a currency
bearing a high degree of positive correlation to the value of that currency.
The Fund may not position hedge with respect to a particular currency for an amount greater
than the aggregate market value (determined at the time of making any sale of forward currency) of
the securities held in its portfolio denominated or quoted in, or currently convertible into, such
currency. If the Fund enters into a position hedging transaction, the Funds custodian or
subcustodian will place cash or other liquid securities in a segregated account of the Fund in an
amount equal to the value of the Funds total assets committed to the consummation of the given
forward contract. If the value of the securities placed in the segregated account declines,
additional cash or securities will be placed in the account so that the value of the account will,
at all times, equal the amount of the Funds commitment with respect to the forward contract.
At or before the maturity of a forward sale contract, the Fund may either sell a portfolio
security and make delivery of the currency, or retain the security and offset its contractual
obligations to deliver the currency by purchasing a second contract pursuant to which the Fund will
obtain, on the same maturity date, the same amount of the currency which it is obligated to
deliver. If the Fund retains the portfolio security and engages in an offsetting transaction, the
Fund, at the time of execution of the offsetting transaction, will incur a gain or a loss to the
extent that movement has occurred in forward contract prices. Should forward prices decline during
the period between the Funds entering into a forward contract for the sale of a currency and the
date it enters into an offsetting contract for the purchase of the currency, the Fund will realize
a gain to the extent the price of the currency it has agreed to purchase is less than the price of
the currency it has agreed to sell. Should forward prices increase, the Fund will suffer a loss to
the extent the price of the currency it has agreed to purchase exceeds the price of the currency it
has agreed to sell. Closing out forward purchase contracts involves similar offsetting
transactions.
The cost to the Fund of engaging in currency transactions varies with factors such as the
currency involved, the length of the contract period and the market conditions then prevailing.
Because forward transactions in currency exchange are usually conducted on a principal basis, no
fees or commissions are involved. The use of foreign currency contracts does not eliminate
fluctuations in the underlying prices of the securities, but it does establish a rate of exchange
that can be achieved in the future. In addition, although forward currency contracts limit the risk
of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency, they also limit any potential gain
that might result if the value of the currency increases.
If a decline in any currency is generally anticipated by the Investment Adviser, the Fund may
not be able to contract to sell the currency at a price above the level to which the currency is
anticipated to decline.
Special Risk Considerations Relating to Futures and Options Thereon. The ability to establish
and close out positions in futures contracts and options thereon will be subject to the development
and maintenance of liquid markets. Although the Fund generally will purchase or sell only those
futures contracts and options thereon for which there appears to be a liquid market, there is no
assurance that a liquid market on an exchange will exist for any particular futures contract or
option thereon at any particular time.
A-8
In the event no liquid market exists for a particular futures contract or option thereon in
which the Fund maintains a position, it will not be possible to effect a closing transaction in
that contract or to do so at a satisfactory price and the Fund would have to either make or take
delivery under the futures contract or, in the case of a written option, wait to sell the
underlying securities until the option expires or is exercised or, in the case of a purchased
option, exercise the option. In the case of a futures contract or an option thereon which the Fund
has written and which the Fund is unable to close, the Fund would be required to maintain margin
deposits on the futures contract or option thereon and to make variation margin payments until the
contract is closed.
Successful use of futures contracts and options thereon and forward contracts by the Fund is
subject to the ability of the Investment Adviser to predict correctly movements in the direction of
interest and foreign currency rates. If the Investment Advisers expectations are not met, the Fund
will be in a worse position than if a hedging strategy had not been pursued. For example, if the
Fund has hedged against the possibility of an increase in interest rates that would adversely
affect the price of securities in its portfolio and the price of such securities increases instead,
the Fund will lose part or all of the benefit of the increased value of its securities because it
will have offsetting losses in its futures positions. In addition, in such situations, if the Fund
has insufficient cash to meet daily variation margin requirements, it may have to sell securities
to meet the requirements. These sales may be, but will not necessarily be, at increased prices
which reflect the rising market. The Fund may have to sell securities at a time when it is
disadvantageous to do so.
Additional Risks of Foreign Options, Futures Contracts, Options on Futures Contracts and
Forward Contracts. Options, futures contracts and options thereon and forward contracts on
securities and currencies may be traded on foreign exchanges. Such transactions may not be
regulated as effectively as similar transactions in the U.S., may not involve a clearing mechanism
and related guarantees, and are subject to the risk of governmental actions affecting trading in,
or the prices of, foreign securities. The value of such positions also could be adversely affected
by (i) other complex foreign political, legal and economic factors, (ii) lesser availability than
in the U.S. of data on which to make trading decisions, (iii) delays in the Funds ability to act
upon economic events occurring in the foreign markets during non-business hours in the U.S., (iv)
the imposition of different exercise and settlement terms and procedures and margin requirements
than in the U.S. and (v) lesser trading volume.
Exchanges on which options, futures and options on futures are traded may impose limits on the
positions that the Fund may take in certain circumstances.
Risks of Currency Transactions. Currency transactions are also subject to risks different from
those of other portfolio transactions. Because currency control is of great importance to the
issuing governments and influences economic planning and policy, purchases and sales of currency
and related instruments can be adversely affected by government exchange controls, limitations or
restrictions on repatriation of currency, and manipulation, or exchange restrictions imposed by
governments. These forms of governmental action can result in losses to the Fund if it is unable to
deliver or receive currency or monies in settlement of obligations and could also cause hedges it
has entered into to be rendered useless, resulting in full currency exposure as well as incurring
transaction costs.
When Issued, Delayed Delivery Securities and Forward Commitments. The Fund may enter into
forward commitments for the purchase or sale of securities, including on a when
A-9
issued or delayed delivery basis, in excess of customary settlement periods for the type of
security involved. In some cases, a forward commitment may be conditioned upon the occurrence of a
subsequent event, such as approval and consummation of a merger, corporate reorganization or debt
restructuring, i.e., a when, as and if issued security. When such transactions are negotiated, the
price is fixed at the time of the commitment, with payment and delivery taking place in the future,
generally a month or more after the date of the commitment. While it will only enter into a forward
commitment with the intention of actually acquiring the security, the Fund may sell the security
before the settlement date if it is deemed advisable.
Securities purchased under a forward commitment are subject to market fluctuation, and no interest
(or dividends) accrues to the Fund prior to the settlement date. The Fund will segregate with its
custodian cash or liquid securities in an aggregate amount at least equal to the amount of its
outstanding forward commitments.
Restricted and Illiquid Securities. The Fund may invest up to a total of 10% of its net assets
in securities that are subject to restrictions on resale and securities the markets for which are
illiquid, including repurchase agreements with more than seven days to maturity. Illiquid
securities include securities the disposition of which is subject to substantial legal or
contractual restrictions. The sale of illiquid securities often requires more time and results in
higher brokerage charges or dealer discounts and other selling expenses than does the sale of
securities eligible for trading on national securities exchanges or in the over-the-counter
markets. Restricted securities may sell at a price lower than similar securities that are not
subject to restrictions on resale. Unseasoned issuers are companies (including predecessors) that
have operated less than three years. The continued liquidity of such securities may not be as well
assured as that of publicly traded securities, and accordingly the Board will monitor their
liquidity. The Board will review pertinent factors such as trading activity, reliability of price
information and trading patterns of comparable securities in determining whether to treat any such
security as liquid for purposes of the foregoing 10% test. To the extent the Board treats such
securities as liquid, temporary impairments to trading patterns of such securities may adversely
affect the Funds liquidity.
In accordance with pronouncements of the SEC, the Fund may invest in restricted securities
that can be traded among qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended (the Securities Act), without registration and may treat them as liquid for
purposes of the foregoing 10% test if such securities are found to be liquid. The Board has adopted
guidelines and delegated to the Investment Adviser, subject to the supervision of the Board, the
function of determining and monitoring the liquidity of particular Rule 144A securities.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Fund operates under the following restrictions that constitute fundamental policies under
the 1940 Act and that, except as otherwise noted, cannot be changed without the affirmative vote of
a majority, as defined in the 1940 Act, of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund (voting
together as a single class). In addition, pursuant to the Articles Supplementary, the affirmative
vote of a majority, as defined in the 1940 Act, of the outstanding preferred stock of the Fund
(voting separately as a single class) is also required to change a fundamental policy, as defined
in the 1940 Act. For purposes of the preferred stock voting rights described in the
A-10
foregoing sentence, except as otherwise required under the 1940 Act, the majority of the
outstanding preferred stock means, in accordance with Section 2(a)(42) of the 1940 Act, the vote of
(i) of 67% or more of the shares of preferred stock present at the shareholders meeting called for
such vote, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding preferred stock are present or
represented by proxy or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding preferred stock, whichever is less.
Except as otherwise noted, all percentage limitations set forth below apply immediately after a
purchase or initial investment and any subsequent change in any applicable percentage resulting
from market fluctuations does not require any action. The Fund may not:
1. Invest 25% or more of its total assets, taken at market value at the time of each
investment, in the securities of issuers in any particular industry. This restriction does
not apply to investments in direct obligations of the United States or by its agencies or
instrumentalities that are entitled to the full faith and credit of the United States and
that, other than United States Treasury Bills, provide for the periodic payment of interest
and the full payment of principal at maturity or call for redemption (U.S. Government
Obligations).
2. Purchase securities of other investment companies, except in connection with a
merger, consolidation, acquisition or reorganization, if more than 10% of the market value of
the total assets of the Fund would be invested in securities of other investment companies,
more than 5% of the market value of the total assets of the Fund would be invested in the
securities of any one investment company or the Fund would own more than 3% of any other
investment companys securities, provided, however, this restriction shall not apply to
securities of any investment company organized by the Fund that are to be distributed pro
rata as a dividend to its shareholders.
3. Purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts except that the Fund may purchase
or sell futures contracts and related options thereon if immediately thereafter (i) no more
than 5% of its total assets are invested in margins and premiums and (ii) the aggregate
market value of its outstanding futures contracts and market value of the currencies and
futures contracts subject to outstanding options written by the Fund does not exceed 50% of
the market value of its total assets. The Fund may not purchase or sell real estate, provided
that the Fund may invest in securities secured by real estate or interests therein or issued
by companies which invest in real estate or interests therein.
4. Purchase any securities on margin or make short sales, except that the Fund may
obtain such short-term credit as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of
portfolio securities.
5. Make loans of money, except by the purchase of a portion of publicly distributed debt
obligations in which the Fund may invest, and repurchase agreements with respect to those
obligations, consistent with its investment objectives and policies. The Fund reserves the
authority to make loans of its portfolio securities to financial intermediaries in an
aggregate amount not exceeding 20% of its total assets. Any such loans may only be made upon
approval of, and subject to any conditions imposed by, the Board. Because these loans would
at all times be fully collateralized, the risk of loss in the event of default of the
borrower should be slight.
6. Borrow money, except that the Fund may borrow from banks and other financial
institutions on an unsecured basis, in an amount not exceeding 10% of its total assets, to
A-11
finance the repurchase of its stock. The Fund also may borrow money on a secured basis
from banks as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes. Temporary
borrowings may not exceed 5% of the value of the total assets of the Fund at the time the
loan is made. The Fund may pledge up to 10% of the lesser of the cost or value of its total
assets to secure temporary borrowings. The Fund will not borrow for investment purposes.
Immediately after any borrowing, the Fund will maintain asset coverage of not less than 300%
with respect to all borrowings. While the borrowing of the Fund exceeds 5% of its respective
total assets, the Fund will make no further purchases of securities, although this limitation
will not apply to repurchase transactions as described above.
7. Issue senior securities, except to the extent permitted by applicable law.
8. Underwrite securities of other issuers except insofar as the Fund may be deemed an
underwriter under the Securities Act in selling portfolio securities; provided, however, this
restriction shall not apply to securities of any investment company organized by the Fund
that are to be distributed pro rata as a dividend to its shareholders.
9. Invest more than 10% of its total assets in illiquid securities, such as repurchase
agreements with maturities in excess of seven days, or securities that at the time of
purchase have legal or contractual restrictions on resale.
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
Directors and Officers
The business and affairs of the Fund are managed under the direction of its Board, and the
day-to-day operations are conducted through or under the direction of its officers.
The names and business addresses of the Directors and principal officers of the Fund are set
forth in the following table, together with their positions and their principal occupations during
the past five years and, in the case of the Directors, their positions with certain other
organizations and companies. Directors who are interested persons of the Fund, as defined by the
1940 Act, are listed under the caption Interested Director.
Directors
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Portfolios |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
in Fund |
Name, Position |
|
Term of Office |
|
Principal |
|
Directorships |
|
Complex |
with the Fund, Age and |
|
and Length of |
|
Occupation(s) During |
|
Held by |
|
Overseen by |
Business Address(1) |
|
Time Served(2) |
|
Past Five Years |
|
Director |
|
Director |
Interested Director(3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mario J. Gabelli
|
|
Since 1986*
|
|
Chairman and Chief
|
|
Director of Morgan
|
|
|
26 |
|
Director and Chief
Investment Officer
Age: 65 |
|
|
|
Executive Officer of GAMCO Investors, Inc.; Chief Investment
OfficerValue Portfolios of Gabelli Funds, LLC and GAMCO Asset Management Inc.;
Director/Trustee or Chief Investment Officer of other registered investment companies
in the GAMCO/Gabelli Funds complex; Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of GGCP, Inc. |
|
Group Holdings, Inc. (holding company); Chairman of the Board of
LICT Corporation (multimedia and communication services company) |
|
|
|
|
A-12
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Portfolios |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
in Fund |
Name, Position |
|
Term of Office |
|
Principal |
|
Directorships |
|
Complex |
with the Fund, Age and |
|
and Length of |
|
Occupation(s) During |
|
Held by |
|
Overseen by |
Business Address(1) |
|
Time Served(2) |
|
Past Five Years |
|
Director |
|
Director |
Non-Interested Directors
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thomas E. Bratter
Director
Age: 68
|
|
Since 1986*
|
|
Director, President
and Founder of The
John Dewey Academy
(residential
college preparatory
therapeutic high
school).
|
|
None
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anthony J. Colavita(4)
Director
Age: 72
|
|
Since 1999***
|
|
Partner in the law
firm of Anthony J.
Colavita, P.C.
|
|
None
|
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
James P. Conn(4)
Director
Age: 69
|
|
Since 1989**
|
|
Former Managing
Director and Chief
Investment Officer
of Financial
Security Assurance
Holdings Ltd.
(insurance holding
company)
(1992-1998).
|
|
None
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Frank J. Fahrenkopf, Jr.
Director
Age: 68
|
|
Since 1998***
|
|
President and Chief
Executive Officer
of the American
Gaming Association;
Co-Chairman of the
Commission on
Presidential
Debates; Chairman
of the Republican
National Committee
(1983-1989).
|
|
None
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arthur V. Ferrara
Director
Age: 77
|
|
Since 2001*
|
|
Former Chairman of
the Board and Chief
Executive Officer
of The Guardian
Life Insurance
Company of America
(1993-1995).
|
|
None
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anthony R. Pustorino
Director
Age: 82
|
|
Since 1986**
|
|
Certified Public
Accountant;
Professor Emeritus,
Pace University.
|
|
Director of The LGL
Group, Inc.
(diversified
manufacturing)
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salvatore J. Zizza
Director
Age: 62
|
|
Since 1986***
|
|
Chairman of Zizza &
Co., Ltd.
(consulting).
|
|
Director of
Hollis-Eden
Pharmaceuticals
(biotechnology) and
Earl Scheib, Inc.
(automotive
services)
|
|
|
26 |
|
A-13
Officers
|
|
|
|
|
Name, Position with the |
|
|
|
|
Fund, Age, and Business |
|
|
|
|
Address(1) |
|
Length of Time Served |
|
Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years |
Bruce N. Alpert
President
Age: 56
|
|
Since 2003 |
|
Executive Vice President and Chief Operating
Officer of Gabelli Funds, LLC since 1988;
Director and President of Gabelli Advisers,
Inc. since 1998; Officer of most of the registered
investment companies in the Gabelli/GAMCO Funds
complex. |
|
|
|
|
|
Carter W. Austin
Vice President
Age: 41
|
|
Since 2000
|
|
Vice President of the Fund since 2000, The
Gabelli Dividend & Income Trust since 2003,
The Gabelli Global Deal Fund since 2006 and
The Gabelli Healthcare &
WellnessRx Trust since 2007; Vice
President of Gabelli Funds, LLC since 1996. |
|
|
|
|
|
Peter D. Goldstein
Chief Compliance Officer
Age: 54
|
|
Since 2004
|
|
Director of Regulatory Affairs for GAMCO Investors, Inc.
since 2004; Chief Compliance Officer of all of the registered investment companies in the Gabelli/GAMCO funds complex. Vice President of Goldman Sachs Asset Management
from 2000 to 2004. |
|
|
|
|
|
Agnes Mullady
Treasurer and Principal
Financial Officer
Age: 49
|
|
Since 2006
|
|
Vice President of
Gabelli Funds, LLC since 2007; Officer of all
registered investment companies in the Gabelli/Gamco Funds complex;
Senior Vice President of U.S. Trust Company, N.A. and
Treasurer and Chief Financial Office of Excelsior Funds from
2004-2005; Chief Financial Officer of AMIC Distribution
Partners from 2002-2004. |
|
|
|
|
|
LoAn P. Nguyen
Vice President &
Ombudsman
Age: 25
|
|
Since 2006
|
|
Vice President of the Fund since 2006 and The Gabelli Global
Multimedia Trust Inc. since 2004; Portfolio Administrator for
Gabelli Funds, LLC during 2004; Student at Boston College
prior to 2004. |
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Address: One Corporate Center, Rye, NY 10580-1422, unless otherwise noted. |
|
|
(2) |
|
The Board is divided into three classes, each class having a term of
three years. Each year the term of office of one class expires and the successor or successors
elected to such class serve for a three-year term. The three year term for each class is as
follows: |
|
|
|
(3) |
|
Interested person of the Fund is defined in the 1940 Act. Mr. Gabelli is considered an
interested person of the Fund because of his affiliation with the Investment Adviser and Gabelli
& Company, which executes portfolio transactions for the Fund, and as a controlling shareholder
because of the level of his ownership of common shares of the Fund. |
|
|
|
(4) |
|
As a Director, elected solely by holders of the Funds preferred stock. |
|
|
* |
|
Term continues until the Funds 2010 Annual Meeting of Shareholders or until his successors
are duly elected and qualified. |
|
** |
|
Term continues until the Funds 2009 Annual Meeting of Shareholders or until his successors
are duly elected and qualified. |
A-14
|
|
|
*** |
|
Term continues until the Funds 2008 Annual Meeting of
Shareholders or until his successors
are duly elected and qualified. |
|
|
Beneficial Ownership of Shares Held in the Fund and the Fund Complex for Each Director
Set forth in the table below is the dollar range of equity securities in the Fund beneficially
owned by each Director and the aggregate dollar range of equity securities in the Fund complex
beneficially owned by each Director.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dollar Range of |
|
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity |
|
|
Equity |
|
Securities held in all Registered |
|
|
Securities in the |
|
Investment Companies in the |
Name of Director |
|
Fund (1) |
|
Gabelli Fund Complex (1) (2) |
|
|
|
Interested Director |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mario J. Gabelli |
|
over $100,000 |
|
over $100,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-Interested Directors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thomas E. Bratter |
|
over $100,000 |
|
over $100,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anthony J. Colavita* |
|
$ |
10,001-$50,000 |
|
|
over $100,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
James P. Conn |
|
Over $100,000 |
|
over $100,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Frank J. Fahrenkopf, Jr. |
|
none |
|
|
$10-10,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arthur V. Ferrara |
|
none |
|
over $100,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anthony R. Pustorino* |
|
over $100,000 |
|
over $100,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salvatore J. Zizza |
|
over $100,000 |
|
over $100,000 |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Messrs. Colavita and Pustorino each beneficially own less than 1% of
the common stock of The LGL Group, Inc., having a value of $9,071 and
$20,971, respectively, as of December 31, 2007. The LGL Group, Inc.
may be deemed to be controlled by Mario J. Gabelli and in that event
would be deemed to be under common control with the Investment
Adviser. |
|
|
|
(1) |
|
This information has been furnished for each Director
as of December 31, 2007. Beneficial Ownership is
determined in accordance with Section 16a-1(a)(2) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. |
|
|
(2) |
|
The Fund Complex includes all the funds that are
considered part of the same fund complex as the Fund
because they have common or affiliated investment
advisers. |
The Directors serving on the Funds Nominating Committee are Anthony J. Colavita (Chair),
Arthur V. Ferrara and Salvatore J. Zizza. The Nominating Committee is responsible for recommending
qualified candidates to the Board in the event that a position is
A-15
vacated or created. The Nominating Committee would consider recommendations by shareholders if a
vacancy were to exist. Such recommendations should be forwarded to the Secretary of the Fund. The
Fund does not have a standing compensation committee. The Nominating Committee met once during the
year ended December 31, 2007.
Anthony J. Colavita, Anthony R. Pustorino (Chair) and Salvatore J. Zizza, who are not
interested persons of the Fund as defined in the 1940 Act, serve on the Funds Audit Committee.
The Audit Committee is generally responsible for reviewing and evaluating issues related to the
accounting and financial reporting policies and internal controls of the Fund and, as appropriate,
the internal controls of certain service providers, overseeing the quality and objectivity of the
Funds financial statements and the audit thereof and to act as a liaison between the Board
and the Funds independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee met
twice during the year ended December 31, 2007.
Remuneration of Directors and Officers
The Fund pays each Director who is not affiliated with the Investment Adviser or its
affiliates a fee of $12,000 per year plus $1,500 per meeting attended in person, $1,000 per
Committee meeting attended in person, and $500 per telephonic meeting, together with the Directors
actual out-of-pocket expenses relating to his attendance at such meetings.
The following table shows the compensation that the Directors earned in their capacity as
Directors during the year ended December 31, 2007. The table also shows, for the year ended
December 31, 2007, the compensation Directors earned in their capacity as Directors/Trustees for
other funds in the Gabelli Fund Complex.
Compensation
Table for the Year Ended December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aggregate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compensation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
From the Fund |
|
|
|
|
|
|
and |
|
|
Compensation |
|
Fund Complex |
Name of Director |
|
From the Fund |
|
Paid to Directors* |
Directors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mario J. Gabelli |
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thomas E. Bratter |
|
$ |
20,000 |
|
|
$ |
39,500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anthony J. Colavita |
|
$ |
24,500 |
|
|
$ |
225,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
James P. Conn |
|
$ |
21,500 |
|
|
$ |
104,750 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Frank J. Fahrenkopf, Jr. |
|
$ |
18,500 |
|
|
$ |
60,500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arthur V. Ferrara |
|
$ |
20,667 |
|
|
$ |
35,250 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anthony R. Pustorino |
|
$ |
24,667 |
|
|
$ |
141,500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salvatore J. Zizza |
|
$ |
24,031 |
|
|
$ |
166,250 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Officers |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carter W. Austin, Vice President |
|
$ |
120,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
A-16
|
|
|
* |
|
Represents the total compensation paid to such persons during the calendar year ended
December 31, 2007 by investment companies (including the Fund) or portfolios thereof from which such person
receives compensation that are considered part of the same fund complex as the Fund because they
have common or affiliated investment advisers. The number in parenthesis represents the number of
such investment companies and portfolios. |
Limitation of Directors and Officers Liability
The Governing Documents of the Fund provide that the Fund will indemnify its Directors and
officers and may indemnify its employees or agents against liabilities and expenses incurred in
connection with litigation in which they may be involved because of their positions with the Fund,
to the fullest extent permitted by law. However, nothing in the Governing Documents protects or
indemnifies a Director, officer, employee or agent of the Fund against any liability to which such
person would otherwise be subject in the event of such persons willful misfeasance, bad faith,
gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her
position.
Investment Management
The Investment Adviser, located at One Corporate Center, Rye, New York 10580-1422, serves as
the investment adviser to the Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement with the Fund (the
Advisory Agreement). The Investment Adviser was organized in 1999 and is the successor to Gabelli
Funds, Inc., which was organized in 1980. As of September 30, 2007, the Investment Adviser acted as
registered investment adviser to 24 management investment companies with aggregate net assets of
$16.9 billion. The Investment Adviser, together with other affiliated investment advisers, had
assets under management totaling approximately $31.6 billion as of September 30, 2007. GAMCO Asset
Management Inc., an affiliate of the Investment Adviser, acts as investment adviser for
individuals, pension trusts, profit sharing trusts and endowments, and as a sub-adviser to
management investment companies having aggregate assets of $13.8 billion under management as of
September 30, 2007. Gabelli Securities, Inc., an affiliate of the Investment Adviser, acts as investment
adviser for investment partnerships and entities having aggregate assets of approximately $491
million under management as of September 30, 2007. Gabelli Fixed Income LLC, an affiliate of the
Investment Adviser, acts as investment adviser for separate accounts having aggregate assets of
approximately $27 million under management as of September 30, 2007. Gabelli Advisers, Inc., an
affiliate of the Investment Adviser, acts as investment manager to the Westwood Funds having
aggregate assets of approximately $443 million under management as of September 30, 2007.
The Investment Adviser is a wholly-owned subsidiary of GAMCO Investors, Inc., a New York
corporation, whose Class A Common Stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol GBL. Mr. Mario J.
Gabelli may be deemed a controlling person of the Investment Adviser on the basis of his
ownership of a majority of the stock of GGCP, Inc., which owns a majority of the capital stock of
GAMCO Investors, Inc.
A-17
The Investment Adviser will provide a continuous investment program for the portfolios of the
Fund and oversee the administration of all aspects of the Funds business and affairs. The
Investment Adviser has sole investment discretion for the assets of the Fund under the supervision
of the Funds Board and in accordance with the Funds stated policies. The Investment Adviser will
select investments for the Fund and will place purchase and sale orders on behalf of the Fund.
Investment Advisory Agreements
Affiliates of the Investment Adviser may, in the ordinary course of their business, acquire
for their own account or for the accounts of their advisory clients, significant (and possibly
controlling) positions in the securities of companies that may also be suitable for investment by
the Fund. The securities in which the Fund might invest may thereby be limited to some extent. For
instance, many companies in the past several years have adopted so-called poison pill or other
defensive measures designed to discourage or prevent the completion of non-negotiated offers for
control of the company. Such defensive measures may have the effect of limiting the shares of the
company that might otherwise be acquired by the Fund if the affiliates of the Investment Adviser or
their advisory accounts have or acquire a significant position in the same securities. However, the
Investment Adviser does not believe that the investment activities of its affiliates will have a
material adverse effect upon each the Fund in seeking to achieve its investment objectives.
Securities purchased or sold pursuant to contemporaneous orders entered on behalf of the investment
company accounts of the Investment Adviser or the advisory accounts managed by its affiliates for
their unaffiliated clients are allocated pursuant to principles believed to be fair and not
disadvantageous to any such accounts. In addition, all such orders are accorded priority of
execution over orders entered on behalf of accounts in which the Investment Adviser or its
affiliates have a substantial pecuniary interest. The Fund may on occasion give advice or take
action with respect to other clients that differs from the actions taken with respect to the Fund.
The Fund may invest in the securities of companies that are investment management clients of GAMCO
Asset Management Inc. In addition, portfolio companies or their officers or directors may be
minority shareholders of the Investment Adviser or its affiliates.
Under the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Investment Adviser manages the portfolio of the
Fund in accordance with its stated investment objectives and policies, makes investment decisions
for the Fund, places orders to purchase and sell securities on behalf of the Fund and manages its
other business and affairs, all subject to the supervision and direction of the Funds Board. In
addition, under the Advisory Agreement, the Investment Adviser oversees the administration of all
aspects of the Funds business and affairs and provides, or arranges for others to provide, at the
Investment Advisers expense, certain enumerated services, including maintaining the Funds books
and records, preparing reports to the Funds shareholders and supervising the calculation of the
net asset value of its shares. All expenses of computing the net asset value of the Fund, including
any equipment or services obtained solely for the purpose of pricing shares or valuing its
investment portfolio, underwriting compensation and reimbursements in connection with sales of its
securities, the costs of utilizing a third party to monitor and collect class action settlements on
behalf of the Fund, compensation to an administrator for certain SEC filings on behalf of the Fund,
the fees and expenses of directors who are not officers or employees of the Investment Adviser of
its affiliates, compensation and other expenses of employees of the Fund as approved by the
directors, the pro rata costs of the
A-18
Funds chief compliance officer, charges of the custodian, any sub-custodian and transfer agent and
dividend paying agent, expenses in connection with the Automatic Dividend Reinvestment Plan and
Voluntary Cash Purchase Plan, accounting and pricing costs, membership fees in trade associations,
expenses for legal and independent accountants services, costs of printing proxies, share
certificates and shareholder reports, fidelity bond coverage for Fund officers and employees,
directors and officers errors and omissions insurance coverage, and stock exchange listing fees
will be an expense of the Fund unless the Investment Adviser voluntarily assumes responsibility for
such expenses. During fiscal year 2007, the Fund paid or accrued $45,000 to the Investment Adviser
in connection with the cost of computing the Funds net asset value.
The Advisory Agreement combines investment advisory and certain administrative
responsibilities in one agreement. For services rendered by the Investment Adviser on behalf of the
Funds Advisory Agreement, the Fund pays the Investment Adviser a fee computed weekly and paid
monthly at the annual rate of 1.00% of the average weekly net assets of the Fund. For purposes of
calculating this fee, the Funds average weekly net assets will be deemed to be the average weekly
value of the Funds total assets minus the sum of the Funds liabilities (such liabilities exclude
the aggregate liquidation preference of outstanding preferred shares and accumulated dividends, if
any, on those shares). The Investment Adviser has agreed to reduce the management fee on the
incremental assets attributable to the preferred stock during the fiscal year if the total return
of the net asset value of the common stock, including distributions and management fees subject to
reduction, does not exceed the stated dividend rate or corresponding swap rate of each particular
series of preferred stock for the period. The Funds total return on the net asset value of its
common stock is monitored on a monthly basis to assess whether the total return on the net asset
value of its common stock exceeds the stated dividend rate or corresponding swap rate of each
particular series of outstanding preferred stock for the period. The test to confirm the accrual of
the management fee on the assets attributable to each particular series of preferred stock is
annual. The Fund will accrue for the management fee on these assets during the fiscal year if it
appears probable that the Fund will incur the additional management fee on those assets. For the
year ended December 31, 2007, the Funds total return on the net asset value of the common stock
exceeded the stated dividend rate or corresponding swap rate of
Series C Auction Rate Preferred, Series D Preferred, Series E Auction
Rate Preferred and Series F Preferred. Thus management fees were
accrued on these assets. The Funds total return on the net
asset value of the common shares did not exceed the stated dividend
rate or the corresponding swap rate of Series B Preferred. Thus,
management fees with respect to the liquidation value of the
preferred stock assets were reduced by $23,733.
The Advisory Agreement provides that in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross
negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties thereunder, the Investment Adviser
is not liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Fund. As
part of the Advisory Agreement, the Fund has agreed that the name Gabelli is the Investment
Advisers property, and that in the event the Investment Adviser ceases to act as an investment
adviser to the Fund, the Fund will change its name to one not including Gabelli.
Pursuant to its terms, the Advisory Agreement will remain in effect with respect to the Fund
if approved annually (i) by the Funds Board or by the holders of a majority of the Funds
outstanding voting securities and (ii) by a majority of the Directors who are not interested
persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any party to an Advisory Agreement, by vote cast in person
at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
A discussion regarding the basis of the Boards approval of the Advisory Agreement for the
Fund is available in the semi-annual report to shareholders for the six months ended June 30, 2007.
A-19
Portfolio Manager Information
Other Accounts Managed
The information below lists other accounts for which each portfolio manager was primarily
responsible for the day-to-day management during the year ended
December 31, 2007.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Managed |
|
Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
with |
|
with |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Advisory |
|
Advisory |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
Fee |
|
Fee |
Name of Portfolio |
|
|
|
# of Accounts |
|
Total |
|
Based on |
|
Based on |
Manager |
|
Type of Accounts |
|
Managed |
|
Assets |
|
Performance |
|
Performance |
|
Mario J. Gabelli |
|
Registered Investment Companies: |
|
|
23 |
|
|
$ |
13.9 billion |
|
|
6 |
|
|
$ |
3.6 billion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: |
|
|
12 |
|
|
$ |
269.6 million |
|
|
11 |
|
|
$ |
188.6 million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Accounts: |
|
|
1,991 |
|
|
$ |
10.6 billion |
|
|
6 |
|
|
$ |
1.6 billion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Caesar M.P. Bryan |
|
Registered Investment Companies: |
|
|
4 |
|
|
$ |
1.2 billion |
|
|
0 |
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: |
|
|
2 |
|
|
$ |
6.3 million |
|
|
2 |
|
|
$ |
6.3 million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Accounts: |
|
|
5 |
|
|
$ |
57.0 million |
|
|
0 |
|
|
$ |
0 |
Potential Conflicts of Interest
Actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise when the portfolio manager also has
day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to one or more other accounts. These potential
conflicts include:
Allocation of Limited Time and Attention. Because the portfolio manager manages many accounts,
he may not be able to formulate as complete a strategy or identify equally attractive investment
opportunities for each of those accounts as if he were to devote substantially more attention to
the management of only a few accounts.
Allocation of Limited Investment Opportunities. If the portfolio manager identifies an
investment opportunity that may be suitable for multiple accounts, the Fund may not be able to take
full advantage of that opportunity because the opportunity may need to be allocated among all or
many of these accounts or other accounts primarily managed by other portfolio managers of the
Investment Adviser and its affiliates.
Pursuit of Differing Strategies. At times, the portfolio manager may determine that an
investment opportunity may be appropriate for only some of the accounts for which he exercises
investment responsibility, or may decide that certain of the accounts should take differing
positions with respect to a particular security. In these cases, the portfolio manager may execute
differing or opposite transactions for one or more accounts which may affect the market price of
the security or the execution of the transactions, or both, to the detriment of one or more of his
accounts.
Selection of
Broker/Dealers.
A portfolio manager may be able to select or influence the selection of the brokers and
dealers that are used to execute securities transactions for the funds or accounts
that he or she supervises. In addition to providing execution of trades, some brokers
and dealers provide the Investment Adviser with brokerage and
research services. These services may be more beneficial to certain
funds or accounts of the Investment Adviser and its affiliates than to others.
Although the payment of brokerage commissions is subject to the requirement
that the Investment Adviser determine in good faith that the commissions are
reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research
services provided to the Fund, a portfolio managers decision as to the
selection of brokers and dealers could yield disproportionate costs and benefits among
the funds or other accounts that the Investment Adviser and its affiliates manage.
In addition, with respect to certain types of accounts (such as pooled investment
vehicles and other accounts managed for organizations and individuals), the
Investment Adviser may be limited by the client concerning the selection of
brokers or may be instructed to direct trades to particular brokers.
In these cases, the Investment Adviser or its affiliates may place separate,
non-simultaneous transactions in the same security for the Fund and another
account that may temporarily affect the market price of the security or
the execution of the transaction, or both, to the detriment of the Fund or the other account.
Because of Mr. Gabellis position with, and his indirect majority
ownership interest in, an affiliated broker dealer, Gabelli & Company, he may have an incentive to
use Gabelli & Company to execute portfolio transactions for the Fund even if using Gabelli &
Company is not in the best interest of the Fund.
A-20
Variation in Compensation. A conflict of interest may arise where the financial or other
benefits available to the portfolio manager differ among the accounts that he manages. If the
structure of the Investment Advisers management fee or the portfolio managers compensation
differs among accounts (such as where certain accounts pay higher management fees or
performance-based management fees), the portfolio manager may be motivated to favor certain
accounts over others. The portfolio manager also may be motivated to favor accounts in which he has
an investment interest, or in which the Investment Adviser or its affiliates have investment
interests. In Mr. Gabellis case, the Investment Advisers compensation (and expenses) for the Fund
is marginally greater as a percentage of assets than for certain other accounts and is less than
for certain other accounts managed by Mr. Gabelli, while his personal compensation structure varies
with near-term performance to a greater degree in certain performance fee-based accounts than with
non-performance-based accounts. In addition, he has investment interests in several of the funds
managed by the Investment Adviser and its affiliates.
The Investment Adviser and the Fund have adopted compliance policies and procedures that are
designed to address the various conflicts of interest that may arise for the Investment Adviser and
its staff members. However, there is no guarantee that such policies and procedures will be able to
detect and address every situation in which an actual or potential conflict may arise. In Mr.
Bryans case, his compensation is not affected by changes in assets of the Fund while it is for
other accounts that he manages.
Compensation Structure. Mr. Gabelli receives incentive-based variable compensation based on a
percentage of net revenues received by the Investment Adviser for managing the fund. Net revenues
are determined by deducting from gross investment management fees the firms expenses (other than
Mr. Gabellis compensation) allocable to the Fund. Additionally, he receives similar
incentive-based variable compensation for managing other accounts within the firm. This method of
compensation is based on the premise that superior long-term performance in managing a portfolio
should be rewarded with higher compensation as a result of growth of assets through appreciation
and net investment activity. Five closed-end registered investment companies managed by Mr. Gabelli
have arrangements whereby the Investment Adviser will only receive its investment advisory fee
attributable to the liquidation value of outstanding preferred stock (and Mr. Gabelli would only
receive his percentage of such advisory fee) if certain performance levels are met. Mr. Gabelli
manages other accounts with performance fees. Compensation for managing these accounts has two
components. One component of the fee is based on a percentage of net revenues received by the
Investment Adviser for managing the account. The second component is based on absolute performance
of the account, with respect to which a percentage of such performance fee is paid to Mr. Gabelli.
As an executive officer of the Investment Advisers parent company, GAMCO Investors, Inc., Mr.
Gabelli also receives ten percent of the net operating profits of the parent company. Mr. Gabelli
receives no base salary, no annual bonus and no stock options.
The compensation of other portfolio managers in the Gabelli organization is reviewed annually
and structured to enable it to attract and retain highly qualified professionals in a competitive
environment. Mr. Bryan receives a compensation package that includes a minimum draw or base salary,
equity-based incentive compensation via awards of stock options, and incentive-based variable
compensation based on a percentage of net revenues received by the Investment Adviser for managing
certain accounts other than the funds to the extent that the amount exceeds a minimum level of
compensation. Net revenues are determined by deducting
A-21
from gross investment management fees certain of the firms expenses (other than Mr. Bryans
compensation) allocable to such other accounts. This method of compensation is based on the premise
that superior long-term performance in managing a portfolio should be rewarded with higher
compensation as a result of growth of assets through appreciation and net investment activity.
Equity-based incentive compensation is based on an evaluation by the Investment Advisers parent,
GAMCO Investors, Inc., of quantitative and qualitative performance evaluation criteria.
Mr. Bryans compensation for managing other pooled investment accounts is based on a
percentage of net revenues received by the Investment Adviser for managing the account.
Compensation for managing accounts that have a performance-based fee will have two components. One
component is based on a percentage of net revenues received by the Investment Adviser for managing
the account. The second component is based on absolute performance of the account, with respect to
which a percentage of the performance fee is paid to the portfolio manager.
Portfolio Holdings Information
Employees of the Investment Adviser and its affiliates will often have access to information
concerning the portfolio holdings of the Fund. The Fund and the Investment Adviser have adopted
policies and procedures that require all employees to safeguard proprietary information of the
Fund, which includes information relating to the Funds portfolio holdings as well as portfolio
trading activity of the Investment Adviser with respect to the Fund (collectively, Portfolio
Holdings Information). In addition, the Fund and the Investment Adviser have adopted policies and
procedures providing that Portfolio Holdings Information may not be disclosed except to the extent
that it is (a) made available to the general public by posting on the Funds website or filed as a
part of a required filing on Form N-Q or N-CSR or (b) provided to a third party for legitimate
business purposes or regulatory purposes, that has agreed to keep such data confidential under
forms approved by the Investment Advisers legal department or outside counsel, as described below.
The Investment Adviser will examine each situation under (b) with a view to determine that release
of the information is in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders and, if a potential
conflict between the Investment Advisers interests and the Funds interests arises, to have such
conflict resolved by the Chief Compliance Officer or the independent Board. These policies further
provide that no officer of the Fund or employee of the Investment Adviser shall communicate with
the media about the Fund without obtaining the advance consent of the Chief Executive Officer,
Chief Operating Officer, or General Counsel of the Investment Adviser.
Under the foregoing policies, the Fund currently may disclose Portfolio Holdings Information
in the circumstances outlined below. Disclosure generally may be either on a monthly or quarterly
basis with no time lag in some cases and with a time lag of up to 60 days in other cases (with the
exception of proxy voting services which require a regular download of data):
(1) To regulatory authorities in response to requests for such information and with the
approval of the Chief Compliance Officer of the Fund;
(2) To mutual fund rating and statistical agencies and to persons performing similar
functions where there is a legitimate business purpose for such disclosure and
A-22
such entity has agreed to keep such data confidential at least until it has been made
public by the Investment Adviser;
(3) To service providers of the Fund, as necessary for the performance of their
services to the Fund and to the Board; the Funds anticipated service providers are its
administrator, transfer agent, custodian, independent registered public accounting firm, and
legal counsel;
(4) To firms providing proxy voting and other proxy services, provided such entity has
agreed to keep such data confidential until at least it has been made public by the
Investment Adviser;
(5) To certain broker dealers, investment advisers, and other financial intermediaries
for purposes of their performing due diligence on the Fund and not for dissemination of this
information to their clients or use of this information to conduct trading for their
clients. Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Information in these circumstances requires the
broker, dealer, investment adviser, or financial intermediary to agree to keep such
information confidential and is further subject to prior approval of the Chief Compliance
Officer of the Fund and to reporting to the Board at the next quarterly meeting; and
(6) To consultants for purposes of performing analysis of the Fund, which analysis (but
not the Portfolio Holdings Information) may be used by the consultant with its clients or
disseminated to the public, provided that such entity shall have agreed to keep such
information confidential until at least it has been made public by the Investment Adviser.
Disclosures made pursuant to a confidentiality agreement are subject to periodic confirmation
by the Chief Compliance Officer of the Fund that the recipient has utilized such information solely
in accordance with the terms of the agreement. Neither the Fund nor the Investment Adviser, nor any
of the Investment Advisers affiliates will accept on behalf of itself, its affiliates, or the Fund
any compensation or other consideration in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings of
the Fund. The Board will review such arrangements annually with the Funds Chief Compliance
Officer.
Ownership of Shares in the Fund
As
of December 31, 2007, the portfolio managers of the Fund own the following amounts of
equity securities of the Fund.
|
|
|
Name |
|
Dollar Range of Equity Securities Held in Fund |
Mario J. Gabelli
|
|
Over $1,000,000 |
|
|
|
Caesar M.P. Bryan
|
|
None |
A-23
AUCTIONS FOR AUCTION RATE PREFERRED STOCK
Summary of Auction Procedures
The following is a brief summary of the auction procedures for preferred shares that are
auction rate preferred stock. These auction procedures are complicated, and there are exceptions
to these procedures. Many of the terms in this section have a special meaning. Accordingly, this
description does not purport to be complete and is qualified, in its entirety, by reference to the
Funds Charter, including the provisions of the Articles Supplementary establishing any series of
auction rate preferred stock.
The auctions determine the dividend rate for auction rate preferred shares, but each dividend
rate will not be higher than the maximum rate. If you own auction rate preferred shares, you may
instruct your broker-dealer to enter one of three kinds of orders in the auction with respect to
your stock: sell, bid and hold.
|
|
|
If you enter a sell order, you indicate that you want to sell auction rate preferred
shares at their liquidation preference per share, no matter what the next dividend
periods rate will be. |
|
|
|
|
If you enter a bid (or hold at a rate) order, which must specify a dividend rate,
you indicate that you want to sell auction rate preferred shares only if the next
dividend periods rate is less than the rate you specify. |
|
|
|
|
If you enter a hold order you indicate that you want to continue to own auction rate
preferred shares, no matter what the next dividend periods rate will be. |
You may enter different types of orders for different portions of your auction rate preferred
shares. You may also enter an order to buy additional auction rate preferred shares. All orders
must be for whole shares of stock. All orders you submit are irrevocable. There is a fixed number
of auction rate preferred shares, and the dividend rate likely will vary from auction to auction
depending on the number of bidders, the number of shares the bidders seek to buy, the rating of the
auction rate preferred shares and general economic conditions including current interest rates. If
you own auction rate preferred shares and submit a bid for them higher than the then-maximum rate,
your bid will be treated as a sell order. If you do not enter an order, the broker-dealer will
assume that you want to continue to hold auction rate preferred shares, but if you fail to submit
an order and the dividend period is longer than 28 days, the broker-dealer will treat your failure
to submit a bid as a sell order.
If you do not then own auction rate preferred shares, or want to buy more shares, you may
instruct a broker-dealer to enter a bid order to buy shares in an auction at the liquidation
preference per share at or above the dividend rate you specify. If your bid for shares you do not
own specifies a rate higher than the then-maximum rate, your bid will not be considered.
Broker-dealers will submit orders from existing and potential holders of auction rate
preferred shares to the auction agent. Neither the Fund nor the auction agent will be responsible
for a broker-dealers failure to submit orders from existing or potential holders of auction rate
preferred shares. A broker-dealers failure to submit orders for auction rate preferred shares
held by it or its customers will be treated in the same manner as a holders failure to submit an
order to the broker-dealer. A broker-dealer may submit orders to the auction agent for its own
account. The Fund may not submit an order in any auction.
A-24
The auction agent after each auction for the auction rate preferred shares will pay to each
broker-dealer, from funds provided by the Fund, a service charge equal to, in the case shares of
any auction immediately preceding a dividend period of less than 365 days, the product of (i) a
fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days in such dividend period and the denominator
of which is 365, times (ii) 1/4 of 1%, times (iii) the liquidation preference per share, times (iv)
the aggregate number of auction rate preferred shares placed by such broker-dealer at such auction
or, in the case of any auction immediately preceding a dividend period of one year or longer, a
percentage of the purchase price of the auction rate preferred shares placed by the broker-dealer
at the auction agreed to by the Fund and the broker-dealers.
If the number of auction rate preferred shares subject to bid orders by potential holders with
a dividend rate equal to or lower than the then-maximum rate is at least equal to the number of
auction rate preferred shares subject to sell orders, then the dividend rate for the next dividend
period will be the lowest rate submitted which, taking into account that rate and all lower rates
submitted in order from existing and potential holders, would result in existing and potential
holders owning all the auction rate preferred shares available for purchase in the auction.
If the number of auction rate preferred shares subject to bid orders by potential holders with
a dividend rate equal to or lower than the then-maximum rate is less than the number of auction
rate preferred shares subject to sell orders, then the auction is considered to be a failed
auction, and the dividend rate will be the maximum rate. In that event, existing holders that have
submitted sell orders (or are treated as having submitted sell orders) may not be able to sell any
or all of the auction rate preferred shares offered for sale than there are buyers for those
shares.
If broker-dealers submit or are deemed to submit hold orders for all outstanding auction rate
preferred shares, the auction is considered an all hold auction and the dividend rate for the
next dividend period will be the all hold rate, which is 80% of the AA Financial Composite
Commercial Paper Rate, as determined in accordance with procedures set forth in the Articles
Supplementary establishing the auction rate preferred shares.
The auction procedures include a pro rata allocation of auction rate preferred shares for
purchase and sale. This allocation process may result in an existing holder continuing to hold or
selling, or a potential holder buying, fewer shares than the number of shares of auction rate
preferred shares in its order. If this happens, broker-dealers will be required to make
appropriate pro rata allocations among their respective customers.
Settlement of purchases and sales will be made on the next business day (which also is a
dividend payment date) after the auction date through DTC. Purchasers will pay for their auction
rate preferred shares through broker-dealers in same-day funds to DTC against delivery to the
broker-dealers. DTC will make payment to the sellers broker-dealers in accordance with its normal
procedures, which require broker-dealers to make payment against delivery in same-day funds. As
used in this SAI, a business day is a day on which the NYSE is open for trading, and which is not a
Saturday, Sunday or any other day on which banks in New York City are authorized or obligated by
law to close.
The first auction for a series of auction rate preferred shares will be held on the date
specified in the Prospectus Supplement for such series, which will be the business day preceding
the dividend payment date for the initial dividend period. Thereafter, except during special
dividend periods, auctions for such series auction rate preferred shares normally will be held
within the frequency specified in the Prospectus Supplement for such series, and each subsequent
A-25
dividend period for such series auction rate preferred shares normally will begin on the
following day.
If an auction is not held because an unforeseen event or unforeseen events cause a day that
otherwise would have been an auction date not to be a business day, then the length of the
then-current dividend period will be extended by seven days (or a multiple thereof if necessary
because of such unforeseen event or events), the applicable rate for such period will be the
applicable rate for the then-current dividend period so extended and the dividend payment date for
such dividend period will be the first business day immediately succeeding the end of such period.
The following is a simplified example of how a typical auction works. Assume that the Fund
has 1,000 outstanding shares of auction rate preferred stock and three current holders. The three
current holders and three potential holders submit orders through broker-dealers at the auction.
|
|
|
|
|
Current Holder A
|
|
Owns 500 shares, wants to
sell all 500 shares if
auction rate is less than
4.6%
|
|
Bid order at 4.6%
rate for all 500
shares |
|
|
|
|
|
Current Holder B
|
|
Owns 300 shares, wants to hold
|
|
Hold order will take the auction
rate |
|
|
|
|
|
Current Holder C
|
|
Owns 200 shares, wants to
sell all 200 shares if
auction rate is less than
4.4%
|
|
Bid order at 4.4%
rate for all 200
shares |
|
|
|
|
|
Potential Holder D
|
|
Wants to buy 200 shares
|
|
Places order to buy
at or above 4.5% |
|
|
|
|
|
Potential Holder E
|
|
Wants to buy 300 shares
|
|
Places order to buy
at or above 4.4% |
|
|
|
|
|
Potential Holder F
|
|
Wants to buy 200 shares
|
|
Places order to buy
at or above 4.6% |
The lowest dividend rate that will result in all 1,000 shares of auction rate preferred stock
continuing to be held is 4.5% (the offer by D). Therefore, the dividend rate will be 4.5%. Current
holders B and C will continue to own their shares. Current holder A will sell its shares because
As dividend rate bid was higher than the dividend rate: Potential holder D will buy 200 shares and
potential holder E will buy 300 shares because their bid rates were at or below the dividend rate.
Potential holder F will not buy any shares because its bid rate was above the dividend rate.
Secondary Market Trading and Transfer of Auction Rate Preferred Stock
A-26
The underwriters shall not be required to make a market in the auction rate preferred
stock. The broker-dealers (including the underwriters) may maintain a secondary trading market for
outside of auctions, but they are not required to do so. There can be no assurance that a
secondary trading market for the auction rate preferred stock will develop or, if it does develop,
that it will provide owners with liquidity of investment. The auction rate preferred stock will
not be registered on any stock exchange. Investors who purchase auction rate preferred shares in
an auction for a special dividend period should note that because the dividend rate on such shares
will be fixed for the length of that dividend period, the value of such shares may fluctuate in
response to the changes in interest rates and may be more or less than their original cost if sold
on the open market in advance of the next auction thereof, depending on market conditions.
You may sell, transfer, or otherwise dispose of the auction rate preferred stock only in whole
shares and only pursuant to a bid or sell order placed with the auction agent in accordance with
the auction procedures, to the Fund or its affiliates or to or through a broker-dealer that has
been selected by the Fund or to such other persons as may be permitted by the Fund. However, if you
hold your auction rate preferred shares in the name of a broker-dealer, a sale or transfer of your
auction rate preferred shares to that broker dealer, or to another customer of that broker-dealer,
will not be considered a sale or transfer or purposes of the foregoing if the shares remain in the
name of the broker-dealer immediately after your transaction. In addition, in the case of all
transfers other than through an auction, the broker-dealer (or other person, if the Fund permits)
receiving the transfer must advise the auction agent of the transfer.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
Subject to policies established
by the Board, the Investment Adviser
is responsible for placing purchase and sale orders and the allocation of brokerage on behalf of
the Fund. Transactions in equity securities are in most cases effected on U.S. stock exchanges and
involve the payment of negotiated brokerage commissions. In general, there may be no stated
commission in the case of securities traded in over-the-counter markets, but the prices of those
securities may include undisclosed commissions or mark-ups. Principal transactions are not entered
into with affiliates of the Fund. However, Gabelli & Company may execute transactions in the
over-the-counter markets on an agency basis and receive a stated commission therefrom. To the
extent consistent with applicable provisions of the 1940 Act and the rules and exemptions adopted
by the SEC thereunder, as well as other regulatory requirements, the Funds Board
has determined that portfolio transactions may be executed through Gabelli & Company and its
broker-dealer affiliates if, in the judgment of the Investment Adviser, the use of those
broker-dealers is likely to result in price and execution at least as favorable as those of other
qualified broker-dealers, and if, in particular transactions, the affiliated broker-dealers charge
the Fund a rate consistent with that charged to comparable unaffiliated customers in similar
transactions. The Fund has no obligations to deal with any broker or group of brokers in executing
transactions in portfolio securities. In executing transactions, the Investment Adviser seeks to
obtain the best price and execution for the Fund, taking into account such factors as price, size
of order, difficulty of execution and operational facilities of the firm involved and the firms
risk in positioning a block of securities. While the Investment Adviser generally seeks reasonably
competitive commission rates, the Fund does not necessarily pay the lowest commission available.
Subject to obtaining the best price and execution, brokers who provide supplemental research,
market and statistical information, or other services (e.g., wire services) to the
A-27
Investment Adviser or its affiliates may receive orders for transactions by the Fund. The
term research, market and statistical information includes advice as to the value of securities,
and advisability of investing in, purchasing or selling securities, and the availability of
securities or purchasers or sellers of securities, and furnishing analyses and reports concerning
issues, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy and the performance
of accounts. Information so received will be in addition to and not in lieu of the services
required to be performed by the Investment Adviser under the Advisory Agreement and the expenses of
the Investment Adviser will not necessarily be reduced as a result of the receipt of such
supplemental information. Such information may be useful to the Investment Adviser and its
affiliates in providing services to clients other than the Fund, and not all such information is
used by the Investment Adviser in connection with the Fund. Conversely, such information provided
to the Investment Adviser and its affiliates by brokers and dealers through whom other clients of
the Investment Adviser and its affiliates effect securities transactions may be useful to the
Investment Adviser in providing services to the Fund.
Although investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of the other
accounts managed by the Investment Adviser and its affiliates, investments of the kind made by the
Fund may also be made for those other accounts. When the same securities are purchased for or sold
by the Fund and any of such other accounts, it is the policy of the Investment Adviser and its
affiliates to allocate such purchases and sales in a manner deemed fair and equitable over time to
all of the accounts, including the Fund.
For the fiscal years ended December 31,
2005, December 31, 2006 and December 31, 2007, the
Fund paid a total of $814,155, $829,093 and $643,869 respectively, in brokerage commissions, of
which Gabelli & Company and its affiliates received $469,081,
$483,095 and $387,398, respectively.
The amount received by Gabelli & Company and its affiliates from the Fund in respect of brokerage
commissions for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007
represented approximately 60.17% of the
aggregate dollar amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Fund for such period and approximately
63.51% of the aggregate dollar amount of transactions by the Fund for such period.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
The Fund does not engage in the trading of securities for the purpose of realizing short-term
profits, but adjusts its portfolio as it deems advisable in view of prevailing or anticipated
market conditions to accomplish its investment objective. A high rate of portfolio turnover
involves correspondingly greater brokerage commission expenses than a lower rate, which expenses
must be borne by the Fund and its shareholders. High portfolio turnover may also result in the
realization of substantial net short-term capital gains and any distributions resulting from such
gains will be taxable at ordinary income rates for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Funds
portfolio turnover rates for the years ended December 31, 2006
and December 31, 2007 were 29.5% and 17.2%, respectively. The portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of sales or
purchases of portfolio securities by the average monthly value of the Funds portfolio securities.
For purposes of this calculation, portfolio securities exclude purchases and sales of debt
securities having a maturity at the date of purchase of one year or less.
TAXATION
The following discussion is a brief summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations
affecting the Fund and its shareholders. This discussion reflects applicable tax
A-28
laws of the United States as of the date of this SAI, which tax laws may be changed or subject to
new interpretations by the courts or the Internal Revenue Service (the IRS) retroactively or
prospectively. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of all U.S. federal, state,
local and foreign tax concerns affecting the Fund and its shareholders (including shareholders
owning a large position in the Fund), and the discussions set forth herein do not constitute tax
advice. Investors are urged to consult their own tax advisers to determine the tax consequences to
them of investing in the Fund.
Taxation of the Fund
The Fund has qualified and intends to continue to qualify, as a regulated investment company
under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code) (a RIC).
Accordingly, the Fund will, among other things, (i) derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its
gross income from (a) dividends, interest (including tax-exempt interest), payments with respect to
certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or
foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gain from options, futures and
forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or
currencies and (b) net income derived from interests in certain publicly traded partnerships that
are treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes and that derive less than 90% of
their gross income from the items described in (a) above (each a Qualified Publicly Traded
Partnership); and (ii) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of each taxable
year (a) at least 50% of the value of its total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S.
government securities, the securities of other regulated investment companies and other securities,
with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5%
of the value of the Funds total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding
voting securities
of such issuer and (b) not more than 25% of the value of the Funds total assets is invested in the
securities of (I) any one issuer (other than U.S. government securities and the securities of other
RICs), (II) any two or more issuers in which the Fund owns 20%
or more of the voting stock and that are determined to be engaged in the same business or similar or related trades
or businesses or (III) any one or more Qualified Publicly Traded Partnerships.
The investments of the Fund in partnerships, including Qualified Publicly Traded Partnerships,
may result in the Fund being subject to state, local, or foreign income, franchise or withholding
tax liabilities.
As a RIC, the Fund generally is not or will not be, as the case may be, subject to U.S. federal
income tax on income and gains that it distributes each taxable year to shareholders, if it
distributes at least 90% of the sum of the Funds (i) investment company taxable income (which
includes, among other items, dividends, interest and the excess of any net short-term capital gain
over net long-term capital loss and other taxable income, other than any net long-term capital
gain, reduced by deductible expenses) determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid
and (ii) its net tax-exempt interest (the excess of its gross tax-exempt interest over certain
disallowed deductions). The Fund intends to distribute at least annually substantially all of such
income.
Amounts not distributed on a timely basis in accordance with a calendar year distribution
requirement are subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax at the Fund level. To avoid the tax, the
Fund must distribute during each calendar year an amount at least equal to the sum of (i) 98% of
its ordinary income (not taking into account any capital gain or loss) for the calendar year, (ii)
A-29
98% of its capital gain in excess of its capital loss (adjusted for certain ordinary losses) for a
one-year period generally ending on October 31 of the calendar year (unless an election is made to
use the funds fiscal year), and (iii) certain undistributed amounts from previous years on which a
fund paid no federal income tax. While the Fund intends to distribute any income and capital gain
in the manner necessary to minimize imposition of the 4% excise tax, there can be no assurance that
sufficient amounts of the Funds taxable income and capital gain will be distributed to avoid
entirely the imposition of the tax. In that event, the Fund will be liable for the tax only on the
amount by which it does not meet the foregoing distribution requirement.
A distribution will be treated as paid during the calendar year if it is paid during the
calendar year or declared by the Fund in October, November or December of the year, payable to
shareholders of record on a date during such a month and paid by the Fund during January of the
following year. Any such distributions paid during January of the following year will be deemed to
be received no later than December 31 of the year the distributions are declared, rather than when
the distributions are received.
If the Fund were unable to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement or otherwise were to fail
to qualify as a RIC in any year, it would be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation
and distributions to the Funds shareholders would not be deductible by the Fund in computing its
taxable income. To qualify again to be taxed as a RIC in a subsequent year, the Fund would be
required to distribute to its shareholders its earnings and profits attributable to non-RIC years.
In addition, if the Fund failed to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years,
then the Fund would be required to elect to recognize and pay tax on any net built-in gain (the
excess of aggregate gain, including items of income, over aggregate loss that would have been
realized if the Fund had been liquidated) or, alternatively, be subject to taxation on such
built-in gain recognized for a period of ten years, in order to qualify as a RIC in a subsequent
year.
Gain or loss on the sales of securities by the Fund will generally be long-term capital gain
or loss if the securities have been held by the Fund for more than one year. Gain or loss on the
sale of securities held for one year or less will be short-term capital gain or loss.
Foreign currency gain or loss on non-U.S. dollar-denominated securities and on any non-U.S.
dollar-denominated futures contracts, options and forward contracts that are not section 1256
contracts (as defined below) generally will be treated as ordinary income and loss.
Investments by the Fund in certain passive foreign investment companies
(PFICs) could
subject such fund to federal income tax (including interest charges) on certain distributions or
dispositions with respect to those investments which cannot be eliminated by making distributions
to shareholders. Elections may be available to the Fund to mitigate the effect of this tax provided
that the PFIC complies with certain reporting requirements, but such elections generally accelerate
the recognition of income without the receipt of cash. Dividends paid by PFICs will not qualify for
the reduced tax rates discussed below under Taxation of Shareholders.
The Fund may invest in debt obligations purchased at a discount with the result that the Fund
may be required to accrue income for U.S. federal income tax purposes before amounts due under the
obligations are paid. The Fund may also invest in securities rated in the medium to lower rating
categories of nationally recognized rating organizations, and in unrated securities
A-30
(high yield securities). A portion of the interest payments on such high yield securities may be
treated as dividends for certain U.S. federal income tax purposes.
As a result of investing in stock of PFICs or securities purchased at a discount or any other
investment that produces income that is not matched by a corresponding cash distribution to the
Fund, the Fund could be required to include in current income, income it has not yet received. Any
such income would be treated as income earned by the Fund and therefore would be subject to the
distribution requirements of the Code. This might prevent the Fund from distributing 90% of its
investment company taxable income as is required in order to avoid Fund-level federal income
taxation on all of its income, or might prevent the Fund from distributing enough ordinary income
and capital gain net income to avoid completely the imposition of the excise tax. To avoid this
result, the Fund may be required to borrow money or dispose of securities to be able to make
distributions to its shareholders.
If the Fund does not meet the asset coverage requirements of the 1940 Act and the Articles
Supplementary, the Fund will be required to suspend distributions to the holders of common stock
until the asset coverage is restored. Such a suspension of distributions might prevent the Fund
from distributing 90% of its investment company taxable income as is required in order to avoid
fund-level federal income taxation on all of its income, or might prevent the fund from
distributing enough income and capital gain net income to avoid completely imposition of the excise
tax.
Certain of the Funds investment practices are subject to special and complex U.S. federal
income tax provisions that may, among other things, (i) disallow, suspend or otherwise limit the
allowance of certain losses or deductions, (ii) convert lower taxed long-term capital gains into
higher taxed short-term capital gains or ordinary income, (iii) convert ordinary loss or a
deduction into capital loss (the deductibility of which is more limited), (iv) cause a fund to
recognize income or gain without a corresponding receipt of cash, (v) adversely affect the time as
to when a purchase or sale of stock or securities is deemed to occur, (vi) adversely alter the
characterization of certain complex financial transactions and (vii) produce income that will not
qualify as good income for purposes of the 90% annual gross income requirement described above. The
Fund will monitor its transactions and may make certain tax elections to mitigate the effect of
these rules and prevent disqualification of the fund as a regulated investment company.
Foreign Taxes
Since the Fund may invest in foreign securities, income from such securities may be subject to
non-U.S. taxes. The Fund expects to invest less than 35% of its total assets in foreign securities.
As long as the Fund continues to invest less than 35% of its assets in foreign securities it will
not be eligible to elect to pass-through to shareholders of a fund the ability to use the foreign
tax deduction or foreign tax credit for foreign taxes paid with respect to qualifying taxes.
Taxation of Shareholders
The Fund will determine either to distribute or to retain for reinvestment all or part of its
net capital gain. If any such gain is retained, the Fund will be subject to a tax of 35% of such
amount. In that event, the Fund expects to designate the retained amount as undistributed capital
gain in a notice to its shareholders, each of whom (i) will be required to include in income for
tax purposes as long-term capital gain its share of such undistributed amounts, (ii) will be
entitled to credit its proportionate share of the tax paid by the Fund against its federal income
tax liability and to claim refunds to the extent that the credit exceeds such liability and (iii)
will increase its
A-31
basis in its shares of the Fund by an amount equal to 65% of the amount of undistributed capital
gain included in such shareholders gross income.
Distributions paid by the Fund from its investment company taxable income, which includes net
short-term capital gain, generally are taxable as ordinary income to the extent of the Funds
earnings and profits. Such distributions, if designated by the Fund, may, however, qualify
(provided holding period and other requirements are met by the Fund and its shareholders) (i) for
the dividends received deduction available to corporations, but only to the extent that the Funds
income consists of dividend income from U.S. corporations and (ii) for taxable years beginning on or before
December 31, 2010, as qualified dividend income eligible for the reduced maximum federal tax rate
to individuals of generally 15% (currently 0% for individuals in lower tax brackets) to the extent
that the Fund receives qualified dividend income. Qualified dividend income is, in general,
dividend income from taxable domestic corporations and certain qualified foreign corporations
(e.g., generally, foreign corporations incorporated in a possession of the United States or in
certain countries with a qualifying comprehensive tax treaty with the United States, or whose
shares with respect to which such dividend is paid is readily tradable on an established securities
market in the United States). A qualified foreign corporation does not include a foreign
corporation which for the taxable year of the corporation in which the dividend was paid, or the
preceding taxable year, is a PFIC. If the
Fund engages in certain securities lending transactions, the amount received by the Fund that is
the equivalent of the dividends paid by the issuer on the securities loaned will not be eligible
for qualified dividend income treatment. Distributions of net capital gain designated as capital
gain distributions, if any, are taxable to shareholders at rates applicable to long-term capital
gain, whether paid in cash or in shares, and regardless of how long the shareholder has held the
Funds shares. Capital gain distributions are not eligible for the dividends received deduction.
The maximum federal tax rate on net long-term capital gain of individuals is currently 15%
(0% for individuals in lower brackets).
The maximum rate on long-term capital gain is scheduled to rise to 20% for gains realized in taxable years after December 31, 2010. Unrecaptured Section 1250 gain distributions, if any, will be subject to a 25% tax.
Distributions in excess of the Funds earnings and profits will first reduce the adjusted tax basis
of a holders shares and, after such adjusted tax basis is reduced to zero, will constitute capital
gain to such holder (assuming the shares are held as a capital asset). Investment company taxable income (other than qualified dividend income) will currently be taxed at
a maximum rate of 35%. For
corporate taxpayers, both investment company taxable income and net capital gain are taxed at a
maximum rate of 35%.
If an individual receives a dividend that is eligible for qualified dividend income treatment,
and such dividend constitutes an extraordinary dividend, any loss on the sale or exchange of
shares in respect of which the extraordinary dividend was paid, then the loss will be long-term
capital loss to the extent of such extraordinary dividend. An extraordinary dividend for this
purpose is generally a dividend (i) in an amount greater than or equal to 5% of the
taxpayers tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock,
aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within an 85-day period or (ii) in an
amount greater than 20% of the taxpayers tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within a 365-day period.
The IRS currently requires that a registered investment company that has two or more classes
of stock allocate to each such class proportionate amounts of each type of its income
A-32
(such as ordinary income, capital gains, dividends qualifying for the dividends received deduction
(DRD) and qualified dividend income) based upon the percentage of total dividends paid out of
current or accumulated earnings and profits to each class for the tax year. Accordingly, the Fund
intends each year to allocate capital gain dividends, dividends qualifying for the DRD and
dividends that constitute qualified dividend income, if any, between its common stock and preferred
stock in proportion to the total dividends paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits
to each class with respect to such tax year. Distributions in excess of the Funds current and
accumulated earnings and profits, if any, however, will not be allocated proportionately among the
common stock and preferred stock. Since the Funds current and accumulated earnings and profits
will first be used to pay dividends on its preferred stock, distributions in excess of such
earnings and profits, if any, will be made disproportionately to holders of common stock.
Shareholders may be entitled to offset their capital gain distributions (but not distributions
eligible for qualified dividend income treatment) with capital loss. There are a number of
statutory provisions affecting when capital loss may be offset against capital gain, and limiting
the use of loss from certain investments and activities. Accordingly, shareholders with capital
loss are urged to consult their tax advisers.
The price of stock purchased at any time may reflect the amount of a forthcoming distribution.
Those purchasing stock just prior to a distribution will receive a distribution which will be
taxable to them even though it represents in part a return of invested capital.
Certain types of income received by the Fund from real estate investment trusts (REITs),
real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs), taxable mortgage pools or other investments
may cause the Fund to designate some or all of its distributions as excess inclusion income. To
Fund shareholders such excess inclusion income may (1) constitute taxable income, as unrelated
business taxable income (UBTI) for those shareholders who would otherwise be tax-exempt such as
individual retirement accounts, 401(k) accounts, Keogh plans, pension plans and certain charitable
entities; (2) not be offset by otherwise allowable deductions for tax purposes; (3) not be eligible for
reduced U.S. withholding for non-U.S. shareholders even from tax
treaty countries; and (4) cause the
Fund to be subject to tax if certain disqualified organizations as defined by the Code are Fund
shareholders.
Upon a sale, exchange, redemption or other disposition of stock, a shareholder will generally
realize a taxable gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount of cash and the fair
market value of other property received and the shareholders adjusted tax basis in the stock. Such
gain or loss will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for
more than one year. Any loss realized on a sale or exchange will be disallowed to the extent the
shares disposed of are replaced by substantially identical shares within a 61-day period beginning
30 days before and ending 30 days after the date that the shares are disposed of. In such a case,
the basis of the shares acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
Any loss realized by a shareholder on the sale of Fund shares held by the shareholder for six
months or less will be treated for tax purposes as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any
capital gain distributions received by the shareholder (or amounts credited to the shareholder as
an undistributed capital gain) with respect to such shares.
Ordinary income distributions and capital gain distributions also may be subject to state and
local taxes. Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers regarding specific
A-33
questions about federal (including the application of the alternative minimum tax rules), state,
local or foreign tax consequences to them of investing in the Fund.
Shareholders will receive, if appropriate, various written notices after the close of each of
the Funds taxable years regarding the U.S. federal income tax status of certain dividends,
distributions and deemed distributions that were paid (or that are treated as having been paid) by
the Fund to its shareholders during the preceding taxable year.
If a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to the Funds shares of $2 million or more for
an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must
file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities
are in many cases exempted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance,
shareholders of a regulated investment company are not exempted. The fact that a loss is reportable
under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayers treatment
of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the
applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Dividends paid or distributions made by the Fund to shareholders who are non-resident aliens
or foreign entities (foreign investors) are generally subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate or
a reduced rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty to the extent derived from investment
income and short-term capital gains. In order to obtain a reduced rate of withholding, a foreign
investor will be required to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN certifying its entitlement to benefits
under a treaty. The withholding tax does not apply to regular dividends paid or distributions made
to a foreign investor who provides a Form W-8ECI, certifying that the dividends or distributions
are effectively connected with the foreign investors conduct of a trade or business within the
United States. Instead, the effectively connected dividends or distributions will be subject to
regular U.S. income tax as if the foreign investor were a U.S. shareholder. A non-U.S. corporation
receiving effectively connected dividends or distributions may also be subject to additional
branch profits tax imposed at a rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate). A foreign investor who fails
to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN or other applicable form may be subject to backup withholding at the
appropriate rate.
In general, United States federal withholding tax will not apply to any gain or income
realized by a foreign investor in respect of any distributions of net long-term capital gains over
net short-term capital losses, exempt-interest dividends, or upon the sale or other disposition of
shares of the Fund.
A-34
Backup Withholding
The Fund may be required to withhold U.S. federal income tax on all taxable distributions and
redemption proceeds payable to non-corporate shareholders who fail to provide the Fund with their
correct taxpayer identification number or to make required certifications, or who have been
notified by the IRS that they are subject to backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an
additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be refunded or credited against such shareholders U.S.
federal income tax liability, if any, provided that the required information is furnished to the
IRS.
The foregoing is a general and abbreviated summary of the applicable provisions of the Code and
Treasury regulations presently in effect. For the complete provisions, reference should be made to
the pertinent Code sections and the Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder. The Code and the
Treasury regulations are subject to change by legislative, judicial or administrative action,
either prospectively or retroactively. Persons considering an investment in shares of the Fund
should consult their own tax advisers regarding the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares
of the Fund.
BENEFICIAL OWNERS
As of December 31, 2007, there were
no persons known to the Fund to be beneficial owners of
more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Funds common stock.
As of December 31, 2007, the
Directors and Officers of the Fund as a group beneficially owned
approximately 1% of the outstanding shares of the Funds
common stock.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Book-Entry-Only Issuance
The Depository Trust Company (DTC) will act as securities depository for the securities
offered pursuant to the Prospectus. The information in this section concerning DTC and DTCs
book-entry system is based upon information obtained from DTC. The securities offered hereby
initially will be issued only as fully-registered securities registered in the name of Cede & Co.
(as nominee for DTC). One or more fully-registered global security certificates initially will be
issued, representing in the aggregate the total number of securities, and deposited with DTC.
DTC is a limited-purpose trust company organized under the New York Banking Law, a banking
organization within the meaning of the New York Banking Law, a member of the Federal Reserve
System, a clearing corporation within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code and a
clearing agency registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934. DTC holds securities that its participants deposit with DTC. DTC also facilities the
settlement among participants of securities transactions, such as transfers and pledges, in
deposited securities through electronic computerized book-entry changes in participants accounts,
thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. Direct DTC
participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations
and certain other organizations. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as
securities brokers and dealers, banks and trust companies that clear through or maintain a
custodial relationship with a direct participant, either directly or indirectly through other
entities.
Purchases of securities within the DTC system must be made by or through direct participants,
which will receive a credit for the securities on DTCs records. The ownership
A-35
interest of each actual purchaser of a security, a beneficial owner, is in turn to be recorded
on the direct or indirect participants records. Beneficial owners will not receive written
confirmation from DTC of their purchases, but beneficial owners are expected to receive written
confirmations providing details of the transactions, as well as periodic statements of their
holdings, from the direct or indirect participants through which the beneficial owners purchased
securities. Transfers of ownership interests in securities are to be accomplished by entries made
on the books of participants acting on behalf of beneficial owners. Beneficial owners will not
receive certificates representing their ownership interests in securities, except as provided
herein.
DTC has no knowledge of the actual beneficial owners of the securities being offered pursuant
to the prospectus; DTCs records reflect only the identity of the direct participants to whose
accounts such securities are credited, which may or may not be the beneficial owners. The
participants will remain responsible for keeping account of their holdings on behalf of their
customers.
Conveyance of notices and other communications by DTC to direct participants, by direct
participants to indirect participants, and by direct participants and indirect participants to
beneficial owners will be governed by arrangements among them, subject to any statutory or
regulatory requirements as may be in effect from time to time.
Payments on the securities will be made to DTC. DTCs practice is to credit direct
participants accounts on the relevant payment date in accordance with their respective holdings
shown on DTCs records unless DTC has reason to believe that it will not receive payments on such
payment date. Payments by participants to beneficial owners will be governed by standing
instructions and customary practices and will be the responsibility of such participant and not of
DTC or the Fund, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as may be in effect from time
to time. Payment of distributions to DTC is the responsibility of the Fund, disbursement of such
payments to direct participants is the responsibility of DTC, and disbursement of such payments to
the beneficial owners is the responsibility of direct and indirect participants. Furthermore each
beneficial owner must rely on the procedures of DTC to exercise any rights under the securities.
DTC may discontinue providing its services as securities depository with respect to the
securities at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Fund. Under such circumstances, in the
event that a successor securities depository is not obtained, certificates representing the
securities will be printed and delivered.
Proxy Voting Procedures
The Fund has adopted the proxy voting procedures of the Investment Adviser and has directed
the Investment Adviser to vote all proxies relating to the Funds voting securities in accordance
with such procedures. The proxy voting procedures are attached. They are also on file with the
Securities and Exchange Commission and can be reviewed and copied at the Securities and Exchange
Commissions Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C., and information on the operation of the
Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the Securities and Exchange Commission at
202-551-8090. The proxy voting procedures are also available on the EDGAR Database on the
Securities and Exchange Commissions internet site (http://www.sec.gov) and copies of the proxy
voting procedures may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the
follow E-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by
A-36
writing the Securities and Exchange Commissions Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C.
20549-0102.
Code of Ethics
The Fund and the Investment Adviser have adopted a code of ethics (the Code of Ethics) under
Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. The Code of Ethics permits personnel, subject to the Code of Ethics
and its restrictive provisions, to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased
or held by the Fund. The Code of Ethics can be reviewed and copied at the SECs Public Reference
Room in Washington, D.C. Information on the operations of the Reference Room may be obtained by
calling the SEC at 202-551-8090. The Code of Ethics is also available on the EDGAR database on the
SECs Internet web site at http://www.sec.gov. Copies of the Code of Ethics may also be obtained,
after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address:
publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the SECs Public Reference Room, Washington, D.C. 20549-0102.
Joint Code of Ethics for Chief Executive and Senior Financial Officers
The Fund and the Investment Adviser have adopted a code of conduct for the principal executive
and financial officers. This code of conduct sets forth policies to guide the principal executive
and financial officers in the performance of their duties. The code of conduct is on file with the
SEC and can be reviewed and copied at the SECs Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C., and
information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the Commission
at 202-551-8090. The code of conduct is also available on the EDGAR Database on the SECs Internet
web site at http://www.sec.gov, and copies of the code of conduct may be obtained, after paying a
duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by
writing the SECs Public Reference Room, Washington, D.C. 20549-0102.
Financial Statements
The audited financial statements included in the annual report to the Funds shareholders for
the year ended December 31, 2007, together with the
report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, are incorporated herein by reference to the
Funds annual report. All other portions of the annual
report to shareholders are not incorporated herein by reference and are not
part of the registration statement.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP serves as the Independent
Registered Public Accounting Firm of the Fund and audits the
financial statements of the Fund. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP is located at
300 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10017.
A-37
APPENDIX A
GAMCO INVESTORS, INC. and AFFILIATES
The Voting of Proxies on Behalf of Clients
Rules 204(4)-2 and 204-2 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and Rule 30b1-4 under the
Investment Company Act of 1940 require investment advisers to adopt written policies and procedures
governing the voting of proxies on behalf of their clients.
These procedures will be used by GAMCO Asset Management Inc., Gabelli Funds, LLC, Gabelli
Securities, Inc., and Gabelli Advisers, Inc. (collectively, the Advisers) to determine how to
vote proxies relating to portfolio securities held by their clients, including the procedures that
the Advisers use when a vote presents a conflict between the interests of the shareholders of an
investment company managed by one of the Advisers, on the one hand, and those of the Advisers the
principal underwriter, or any affiliated person of the investment company, the Advisers, or the
principal underwriter. These procedures will not apply where the Advisers do not have voting
discretion or where the Advisers have agreed to with a client to vote the clients proxies in
accordance with specific guidelines or procedures supplied by the client (to the extent permitted
by ERISA).
I. Proxy Voting Committee
The Proxy Voting Committee was originally formed in April 1989 for the purpose of formulating
guidelines and reviewing proxy statements within the parameters set by the substantive proxy voting
guidelines originally published by GAMCO Investors, Inc. in 1988 and updated periodically, a copy
of which are appended as Exhibit A. The Committee will include representatives of Research,
Administration, Legal, and the Advisers. Additional or replacement members of the Committee will be
nominated by the Chairman and voted upon by the entire Committee.
Meetings are held on an as needed basis to form views on the manner in which the Advisers
should vote proxies on behalf of their clients.
In general, the Director of Proxy Voting Services, using the Proxy Guidelines, recommendations
of Institutional Shareholder Corporate Governance Service (ISS), other third-party services, and
the analysts of Gabelli & Company, Inc., will determine how to vote on each issue. For
non-controversial matters, the Director of Proxy Voting Services may vote the proxy if the vote is
(1) consistent with the recommendations of the issuers Board of Directors and not contrary to the
Proxy Guidelines; (2) consistent with the recommendations of the issuers Board of Directors and is
a non-controversial issue not covered by the Proxy Guidelines; or (3) the vote is contrary to the
recommendations of the Board of Directors but is consistent with the Proxy Guidelines. In those
instances, the Director of Proxy Voting Services or the Chairman of the Committee may sign and date
the proxy statement indicating how each issue will be voted.
A-38
All matters identified by the Chairman of the Committee, the Director of Proxy Voting Services
or the Legal Department as controversial, taking into account the recommendations of ISS or other
third party services and the analysts of Gabelli & Company, Inc., will be presented to the Proxy
Voting Committee. If the Chairman of the Committee, the Director of Proxy Voting Services or the
Legal Department has identified the matter as one that (1) is controversial; (2) would benefit from
deliberation by the Proxy Voting Committee; or (3) may give rise to a conflict of interest between
the Advisers and their clients, the Chairman of the Committee will initially determine what vote to
recommend that the Advisers should cast and the matter will go before the Committee.
|
A. |
|
Conflicts of Interest. |
|
|
|
|
The Advisers have implemented these proxy voting procedures in order to prevent
conflicts of interest from influencing their proxy voting decisions. By following
the Proxy Guidelines, as well as the recommendations of ISS, other third-party
services and the analysts of Gabelli & Company, the Advisers are able to avoid,
wherever possible, the influence of potential conflicts of interest. Nevertheless,
circumstances may arise in which one or more of the Advisers are faced with a
conflict of interest or the appearance of a conflict of interest in connection with
its vote. In general, a conflict of interest may arise when an Adviser knowingly
does business with an issuer, and may appear to have a material conflict between its
own interests and the interests of the shareholders of an investment company managed
by one of the Advisers regarding how the proxy is to be voted. A conflict also may
exist when an Adviser has actual knowledge of a material business arrangement
between an issuer and an affiliate of the Adviser. |
|
|
|
|
In practical terms, a conflict of interest may arise, for example, when a proxy is
voted for a company that is a client of one of the Advisers, such as GAMCO Asset
Management Inc. A conflict also may arise when a client of one of the Advisers has
made a shareholder proposal in a proxy to be voted upon by one or more of the
Advisers. The Director of Proxy Voting Services, together with the Legal Department,
will scrutinize all proxies for these or other situations that may give rise to a
conflict of interest with respect to the voting of proxies. |
|
|
B. |
|
Operation of Proxy Voting Committee |
|
|
|
|
For matters submitted to the Committee, each member of the Committee will receive,
prior to the meeting, a copy of the proxy statement, any relevant third party
research, a summary of any views provided by the Chief Investment Officer and any
recommendations by Gabelli & Company, Inc. analysts. The Chief Investment Officer or
the Gabelli & Company, Inc. analysts may be invited to present their viewpoints. If
the Director of Proxy Voting Services or the Legal Department believe that the
matter before the committee is one with respect to which a conflict of interest may
exist between the Advisers and their clients, counsel will provide an opinion to the
Committee concerning the conflict. If the matter is one in which the interests of
the clients of one or more of Advisers may diverge, counsel will so advise and the
Committee may make different recommendations as to different clients. For any
matters where the recommendation may trigger appraisal rights, counsel will provide
an opinion concerning the likely risks and merits of such an appraisal action. |
A-39
|
|
|
Each matter submitted to the Committee will be determined by the vote of a majority
of the members present at the meeting. Should the vote concerning one or more
recommendations be tied in a vote of the Committee, the Chairman of the Committee
will cast the deciding vote. The Committee will notify the proxy department of its
decisions and the proxies will be voted accordingly. |
|
|
|
|
Although the Proxy Guidelines express the normal preferences for the voting of any
shares not covered by a contrary investment guideline provided by the client, the
Committee is not bound by the preferences set forth in the Proxy Guidelines and will
review each matter on its own merits. Written minutes of all Proxy Voting Committee
meetings will be maintained. The Advisers subscribe to ISS, which supplies current
information on companies, matters being voted on, regulations, trends in proxy
voting and information on corporate governance issues. |
|
|
|
|
If the vote cast either by the analyst or as a result of the deliberations of the
Proxy Voting Committee runs contrary to the recommendation of the Board of Directors
of the issuer, the matter will be referred to legal counsel to determine whether an
amendment to the most recently filed Schedule 13D is appropriate. |
II. Social Issues and Other Client Guidelines
If a client has provided special instructions relating to the voting of proxies, they should
be noted in the clients account file and forwarded to the proxy department. This is the
responsibility of the investment professional or sales assistant for the client. In accordance with
Department of Labor guidelines, the Advisers policy is to vote on behalf of ERISA accounts in the
best interest of the plan participants with regard to social issues that carry an economic impact.
Where an account is not governed by ERISA, the Advisers will vote shares held on behalf of the
client in a manner consistent with any individual investment/voting guidelines provided by the
client. Otherwise the Advisers will abstain with respect to those shares.
III. Client Retention of Voting Rights
If a client chooses to retain the right to vote proxies or if there is any change in voting
authority, the following should be notified by the investment professional or sales assistant for
the client.
Operations
Legal Department
Proxy Department
Investment professional assigned to the account
In the event that the Board of Directors (or a Committee thereof) of one or more of the
investment companies managed by one of the Advisers has retained direct voting control over any
security, the Proxy Voting Department will provide each Board Member (or Committee member) with a
copy of the proxy statement together with any other relevant information including recommendations
of ISS or other third-party services.
IV. Voting Records
The Proxy Voting Department will retain a record of matters voted upon by the Advisers for
their clients. The Advisers staff may request proxy voting records for use in presentations to
A-40
current or prospective clients. Requests for proxy voting records should be made at least ten
days prior to client meetings.
If a client wishes to receive a proxy voting record on a quarterly, semi-annual or annual
basis, please notify the Proxy Voting Department. The reports will be available for mailing
approximately ten days after the quarter end of the period. First quarter reports may be delayed
since the end of the quarter falls during the height of the proxy season.
A letter is sent to the custodians for all clients for which the Advisers have voting
responsibility instructing them to forward all proxy materials to:
[Adviser name]
Attn: Proxy Voting Department One Corporate Center
Rye, New York 10580-1433
The sales assistant sends the letters to the custodians along with the trading/DTC instructions.
Proxy voting records will be retained in compliance with Rule 204-2 under the Investment Advisers
Act.
V. Voting Procedures
1. Custodian banks, outside brokerage firms and First Clearing Corporation are responsible for
forwarding proxies directly to GAMCO.
Proxies are received in one of two forms:
|
|
Shareholder Vote Authorization Forms (VAFs) Issued by Broadridge. VAFs must be voted through the
issuing institution causing a time lag. Broadridge is an outside service contracted by the various
institutions to issue proxy materials. |
|
|
Proxy cards which may be voted directly. |
2. Upon receipt of the proxy, the number of shares each form represents is logged into the proxy
system according to security.
3. In the case of a discrepancy such as an incorrect number of shares, an improperly signed or
dated card, wrong class of security, etc., the issuing custodian is notified by phone. A corrected
proxy is requested. Arrangements are made to insure that a proper proxy is received in time to be
voted (overnight delivery, fax, etc.). When securities are out on loan on record date, the
custodian is requested to supply written verification.
4. Upon receipt of instructions from the proxy committee (see Administrative), the votes are cast
and recorded for each account on an individual basis.
Since January 1, 1992, records have been maintained on the Proxy Edge system. The system is backed
up regularly. From 1990 through 1991, records were maintained on the PROXY VOTER system and in
hardcopy format. Prior to 1990, records were maintained on diskette and in hardcopy format.
PROXY EDGE records include:
Security Name and Cusip Number
Date and Type of Meeting (Annual, Special, Contest) Client Name
A-41
Adviser or Fund Account Number
Directors Recommendation
How GAMCO voted for the client on each issue The rationale for the vote when it is
appropriate
Records prior to the institution of the PROXY EDGE system include:
Security name
Type of Meeting (Annual, Special, Contest)
Date of Meeting
Name of Custodian
Name of Client
Custodian Account Number
Adviser or Fund Account Number
Directors recommendation
How the Adviser voted for the client on each issue
Date the proxy statement was received and by whom Name of person posting the vote
Date and method by which the vote was cast
|
|
From these records individual client proxy voting records are compiled. It is our policy to
provide institutional clients with a proxy voting record during client reviews. In addition,
we will supply a proxy voting record at the request of the client on a quarterly, semi-annual
or annual basis. |
5. VAFs are kept alphabetically by security. Records for the current proxy season are located in
the Proxy Voting Department office. In preparation for the upcoming season, files are transferred
to an offsite storage facility during January/February.
6. Shareholder Vote Authorization Forms issued by Broadridge are always sent directly to a specific
individual at Broadridge.
7. If a proxy card or VAF is received too late to be voted in the conventional matter, every
attempt is made to vote on one of the following ways:
|
|
VAFs can be faxed to Broadridge up until the time of the meeting. This is followed up by the mailing
of the original form. |
|
|
|
When a solicitor has been retained, that person is called. At the solicitors direction, the
proxy is faxed. |
8. In the case of a proxy contest, records are maintained for each opposing entity.
9. Voting in Person
a) At times it may be necessary to vote the shares in person. In this case, a legal proxy is
obtained in the following manner:
|
|
Banks and brokerage firms using the services at Broadridge: |
A-42
The back of the VAF is stamped indicating that we wish to vote in person. The forms are then sent
overnight to Broadridge. Broadridge issues individual legal proxies and sends them back via overnight (or the
Adviser can pay messenger charges). Lead time of at least two weeks prior to the meeting is needed
to do this. Alternatively, the procedures detailed below for banks not using Broadridge may be
implemented.
Banks and brokerage firms issuing proxies directly:
The bank is called and/or faxed and a legal proxy is requested. All legal proxies should
appoint:
Representative of [Adviser name] with full power of substitution.
b) The legal proxies are given to the person attending the meeting, along with the following
supplemental material:
|
|
A limited Power of Attorney appointing the attendee an Adviser representative. |
|
|
|
A list of all shares being voted by custodian only. Client names and account numbers are not
included. This list must be presented, along with the proxies, to the Inspectors of Elections
and/or tabulator at least one-half hour prior to the scheduled start of the meeting. The
tabulator must qualify the votes (i.e. determine if the votes have previously been cast, if
the votes have been rescinded, etc.). |
|
|
|
A sample ERISA and Individual contract. |
|
|
|
A sample of the annual authorization to vote proxies form. |
|
|
|
A copy of our most recent Schedule 13D filing (if applicable). |
A-43
Appendix A
Proxy Guidelines
PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES
GENERAL POLICY STATEMENT
It is the policy of GAMCO Investors, Inc. to vote in the best economic interests of our clients. As
we state in our Magna Carta of Shareholders Rights, established in May 1988, we are neither for nor
against management. We are for shareholders.
At our first proxy committee meeting in 1989, it was decided that each proxy statement should be
evaluated on its own merits within the framework first established by our Magna Carta of
Shareholders Rights. The attached guidelines serve to enhance that broad framework.
We do not consider any issue routine. We take into consideration all of our research on the
company, its directors, and their short and long-term goals for the company. In cases where issues
that we generally do not approve of are combined with other issues, the negative aspects of the
issues will be factored into the evaluation of the overall proposals but will not necessitate a
vote in opposition to the overall proposals.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
The Advisers do not consider the election of the Board of Directors a routine issue. Each slate of
directors is evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
Factors taken into consideration include:
|
|
Historical responsiveness to shareholders |
|
|
|
This may include such areas as: |
|
- |
|
Paying greenmail |
|
|
- |
|
Failure to adopt shareholder resolutions receiving a majority of shareholder votes |
|
|
Qualifications |
|
|
|
Nominating committee in place |
|
|
|
Number of outside directors on the board |
|
|
|
Attendance at meetings |
|
|
|
Overall performance |
SELECTION OF AUDITORS
In general, we support the Board of Directors recommendation for auditors.
BLANK CHECK PREFERRED STOCK
A-44
We oppose the issuance of blank check preferred stock.
Blank check preferred stock allows the company to issue stock and establish dividends, voting
rights, etc. without further shareholder approval.
CLASSIFIED BOARD
A classified board is one where the directors are divided into classes with overlapping terms. A
different class is elected at each annual meeting.
While a classified board promotes continuity of directors facilitating long range planning, we feel
directors should be accountable to shareholders on an annual basis. We will look at this proposal
on a case-by-case basis taking into consideration the boards historical responsiveness to the
rights of shareholders.
Where a classified board is in place we will generally not support attempts to change to an
annually elected board.
When an annually elected board is in place, we generally will not support attempts to classify the
board.
INCREASE AUTHORIZED COMMON STOCK
The request to increase the amount of authorized shares is considered on a case-by-case basis.
Factors taken into consideration include:
|
|
Future use of additional shares |
- Stock split
- Stock option or other executive compensation plan
- Finance growth of company/strengthen balance sheet
- Aid in restructuring
- Improve credit rating
- Implement a poison pill or other takeover defense
|
|
Amount of stock currently authorized but not yet issued or reserved for stock option plans |
|
|
|
Amount of additional stock to be authorized and its dilutive effect |
We will support this proposal if a detailed and verifiable plan for the use of the additional
shares is contained in the proxy statement.
CONFIDENTIAL BALLOT
A-45
We support the idea that a shareholders identity and vote should be treated with confidentiality.
However, we look at this issue on a case-by-case basis.
In order to promote confidentiality in the voting process, we endorse the use of independent
Inspectors of Election.
CUMULATIVE VOTING
In general, we support cumulative voting.
Cumulative voting is a process by which a shareholder may multiply the number of directors being
elected by the number of shares held on record date and cast the total number for one candidate or
allocate the voting among two or more candidates.
Where cumulative voting is in place, we will vote against any proposal to rescind this shareholder
right.
Cumulative voting may result in a minority block of stock gaining representation on the board. When
a proposal is made to institute cumulative voting, the proposal will be reviewed on a case-by-case
basis. While we feel that each board member should represent all shareholders, cumulative voting
provides minority shareholders an opportunity to have their views represented.
DIRECTOR LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION
We support efforts to attract the best possible directors by limiting the liability and increasing
the indemnification of directors, except in the case of insider dealing.
EQUAL ACCESS TO THE PROXY
The SECs rules provide for shareholder resolutions. However, the resolutions are limited in scope
and there is a 500 word limit on proponents written arguments. Management has no such limitations.
While we support equal access to the proxy, we would look at such variables as length of time
required to respond, percentage of ownership, etc.
FAIR PRICE PROVISIONS
Charter provisions requiring a bidder to pay all shareholders a fair price are intended to prevent
two-tier tender offers that may be abusive. Typically, these provisions do not apply to
board-approved transactions.
We support fair price provisions because we feel all shareholders should be entitled to receive the
same benefits.
Reviewed on a case-by-case basis.
GOLDEN PARACHUTES
A-46
Golden parachutes are severance payments to top executives who are terminated or demoted after a
takeover.
We support any proposal that would assure management of its own welfare so that they may continue
to make decisions in the best interest of the company and shareholders even if the decision results
in them losing their job. We do not, however, support excessive golden parachutes. Therefore, each
proposal will be decided on a case-by- case basis.
Note: Congress has imposed a tax on any parachute that is more than three times the executives
average annual compensation.
ANTI-GREENMAIL PROPOSALS
We do not support greenmail. An offer extended to one shareholder should be extended to all
shareholders equally across the board.
LIMIT SHAREHOLDERS RIGHTS TO CALL SPECIAL MEETINGS
We support the right of shareholders to call a special meeting.
CONSIDERATION OF NONFINANCIAL EFFECTS OF A MERGER
This proposal releases the directors from only looking at the financial effects of a merger and
allows them the opportunity to consider the mergers effects on employees, the community, and
consumers.
As a fiduciary, we are obligated to vote in the best economic interests of our clients. In general,
this proposal does not allow us to do that. Therefore, we generally cannot support this proposal.
Reviewed on a case-by-case basis.
MERGERS, BUYOUTS, SPIN-OFFS, RESTRUCTURINGS
Each of the above is considered on a case-by-case basis. According to the Department of Labor, we
are not required to vote for a proposal simply because the offering price is at a premium to the
current market price. We may take into consideration the long term interests of the shareholders.
MILITARY ISSUES
Shareholder proposals regarding military production must be evaluated on a purely economic set of
criteria for our ERISA clients. As such, decisions will be made on a case-by-case basis.
In voting on this proposal for our non-ERISA clients, we will vote according to the clients
direction when applicable. Where no direction has been given, we will vote in the best economic
interests of our clients. It is not our duty to impose our social judgment on others.
NORTHERN IRELAND
A-47
Shareholder proposals requesting the signing of the MacBride principles for the purpose of
countering the discrimination of Catholics in hiring practices must be evaluated on a purely
economic set of criteria for our ERISA clients. As such, decisions will be made on a case-by-case
basis.
In voting on this proposal for our non-ERISA clients, we will vote according to client direction
when applicable. Where no direction has been given, we will vote in the best economic interests of
our clients. It is not our duty to impose our social judgment on others.
OPT OUT OF STATE ANTI-TAKEOVER LAW
This shareholder proposal requests that a company opt out of the coverage of the states
anti-takeover statutes. Example: Delaware law requires that a buyer must acquire at least 85% of
the companys stock before the buyer can exercise control unless the board approves.
We consider this on a case-by-case basis. Our decision will be based on the following:
|
|
State of Incorporation |
|
|
|
Management history of responsiveness to shareholders |
|
|
|
Other mitigating factors |
POISON PILL
In general, we do not endorse poison pills.
In certain cases where management has a history of being responsive to the needs of shareholders
and the stock is very liquid, we will reconsider this position.
REINCORPORATION
Generally, we support reincorporation for well-defined business reasons. We oppose reincorporation
if proposed solely for the purpose of reincorporating in a state with more stringent anti-takeover
statutes that may negatively impact the value of the stock.
STOCK OPTION PLANS
Stock option plans are an excellent way to attract, hold and motivate directors and employees.
However, each stock option plan must be evaluated on its own merits, taking into consideration the
following:
|
|
Dilution of voting power or earnings per share by more than 10% |
|
|
|
Kind of stock to be awarded, to whom, when and how much |
|
|
|
Method of payment |
|
|
|
Amount of stock already authorized but not yet issued under existing stock option plans |
A-48
SUPERMAJORITY VOTE REQUIREMENTS
Supermajority vote requirements in a companys charter or bylaws require a level of voting approval
in excess of a simple majority of the outstanding shares. In general, we oppose
supermajority-voting requirements. Supermajority requirements often exceed the average level of
shareholder participation. We support proposals approvals by a simple majority of the shares
voting.
LIMIT SHAREHOLDERS RIGHT TO ACT BY WRITTEN CONSENT
Written consent allows shareholders to initiate and carry on a shareholder action without having to
wait until the next annual meeting or to call a special meeting. It permits action to be taken by
the written consent of the same percentage of the shares that would be required to effect proposed
action at a shareholder meeting.
Reviewed on a case-by-case basis.
A-49