UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D. C. 20549

 

Form 10-Q

 

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018      

OR

For the transition period from              to             

Commission file number 000-25711

 

EXTREME NETWORKS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (408) 579-2800

 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 229.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” and “an emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by checkmark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

The number of shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock, $.001 par value, outstanding at May 4, 2018, was 115,892,565

 

 

 

 

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EXTREME NETWORKS, INC.

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED 2018

INDEX

 

 

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EXTREME NETWORKS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

 

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EXTREME NETWORKS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

 

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EXTREME NETWORKS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

 

 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

 

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EXTREME NETWORKS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

 

 

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

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 EXTREME NETWORKS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Extreme Networks, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “Extreme” or the “Company”), is a leader in providing software-driven networking solutions for enterprise customers.  The Company conducts its sales and marketing activities on a worldwide basis through distributors, resellers and the Company’s field sales organization. Extreme was incorporated in California in 1996 and reincorporated in Delaware in 1999.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Extreme included herein have been prepared under the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).  Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted under such rules and regulations.  The condensed consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2017 was derived from audited financial statements as of that date but does not include all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. These interim financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented and the financial condition of Extreme at March 31, 2018. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for fiscal 2018 or any future periods.

Effective July 1, 2017, the Company adopted the requirements of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). All amounts and disclosures set forth in this Form 10-Q have been updated to comply with the new standards, as indicated by the “as adjusted” footnote.

Fiscal Year

The Company uses a fiscal calendar year ending on June 30.  All references herein to “fiscal 2018” or “2018” represent the fiscal year ending June 30, 2018.  All references herein to “fiscal 2017” or “2017” represent the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Extreme and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

The Company predominantly uses the United States Dollar as its functional currency.  The functional currency for certain of its foreign subsidiaries is the local currency.  For those subsidiaries that operate in a local currency functional environment, all assets and liabilities are translated to United States Dollars at current month end rates of exchange; and revenue and expenses are translated using the monthly average rate.

Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes.  Estimates are used for, but are not limited to, the accounting for the allowances for doubtful accounts and sales returns, determining the fair value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities, estimated selling prices, inventory valuation and purchase commitments, depreciation and amortization, impairment of long-lived assets including goodwill, warranty accruals, restructuring liabilities, measurement of share-based compensation costs, measurements of contingent consideration and income taxes. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

2. Business Combinations

 

The Company completed three acquisitions during the nine months ended March 31, 2018. The acquisitions have been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting.  The purchase price has been allocated on a preliminary basis to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The fair value of working capital related items, such as other current assets and accrued liabilities, approximated their book values at the date of acquisition.  Inventories were valued at fair value using the net realizable value approach.  The fair value of property and equipment was determined using a cost approach.  The fair value of the acquired deferred revenue was estimated using the cost build-up approach. The cost build-up approach determines fair

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value using estimates of the costs required to provide the contracted deliverables plus an assumed profit.  The total costs including the assumed profit were adjusted to present value using a discount rate considered appropriate. The resulting fair value approximates the amount that the Company would be required to pay to a third party to assume the obligation.  Valuations of the intangible assets were valued using income approaches based on management projections, which we consider to be Level 3 inputs. The Company also continues to analyze the tax implications of the acquisition of the intangible assets which may ultimately impact the overall level of goodwill associated with the acquisition.

The final purchase price allocation for all assets acquired and liabilities assumed is pending the finalization of valuations as additional information is gathered surrounding events that existed as of the acquisition date, which may result in an adjustment to the preliminary purchase price allocation. Also, additional information which existed as of the acquisition dates, but was unknown to the Company at that time, may become known to the Company during the remainder of the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition dates), and may result in a change in the purchase price allocation.  While management believes that its preliminary estimates and assumptions underlying the valuations are reasonable, different estimates and assumptions could result in different valuations assigned to the individual assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and the resulting amount of goodwill. Results of operations of the acquired entities are included in the Company’s operations beginning with the closing date of each acquisition.

Fiscal 2018 Acquisitions

Data Center Business

The Company completed its acquisition of the data center business (the “Data Center Business”) of Brocade Communication Systems, Inc.’s (“Brocade”) on October 27, 2017 (the “Data Center Closing Date”), pursuant to an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Data Center Business APA”) dated as of October 3, 2017, by and between the Company and Brocade. Under the terms and conditions of the Data Center Business APA, the Company acquired customers, employees, technology and other assets of the Data Center Business as well as assumed certain contracts and other liabilities of the Data Center Business.

The fair value of consideration transferred on the Data Center Business Closing Date includes:

The components of aggregate estimated purchase consideration are as follows (in thousands):

The following table below summarizes the preliminary allocation as of March 31, 2018 of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in thousands):

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The changes during the period in the table above include: a) additional information regarding the existence of inventories and unpaid invoices as of the acquisition date, b) additional information on unpaid invoices as of the acquisition date, c) an adjustment of the fair value of deferred maintenance revenue and d) revised fair value based on adjustments to discount rate used in the models for usefulness of identifiable intangible assets.

The following table presents details of the identifiable intangible assets acquired as part of the acquisition (dollars in thousands):

The amortization for the developed technology is recorded in “Cost of revenues” for product and the amortization for the remaining intangibles is recorded in “Amortization of intangibles” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.  The goodwill recognized is attributable primarily to expected synergies and the assembled workforce of the Data Center Business.  The Company anticipates both the goodwill and intangible assets to be fully deductible for income tax purposes.

The results of operations of the Data Center Business are included with those of the Company beginning October 28, 2017.  The Data Center Business revenue for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 was $90.2 million and has been incorporated into the revenue of the Company.  The associated expenses of the Data Center Business have been incorporated with the results of operations of the Company as a product line and, therefore, stand-alone operating results are not available.  In the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 the Company incurred $5.0 million and $38.8 million, respectively, of acquisition and integration related expenses associated with the acquisition of the Data Center Business, including a $25.0 million consent fee paid to terminate a previous asset purchase agreement entered into by the Company to purchase the Data Center Business from Broadcom Corporation, in anticipation of Broadcom’s proposed acquisition of Brocade. The fee was paid to allow the Company to buy the Data Center Business directly from Brocade.  Such acquisition-related costs are included in “Acquisition and integration costs, net of bargain purchase gain” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. The costs, which the Company expensed as incurred, consist primarily of professional fees to financial and legal advisors and IT consultants.

Campus Fabric Business

The Company completed its acquisition of Avaya Inc.’s. (“Avaya”) fabric-based secure networking solutions and network security solutions business (the “Campus Fabric Business”) on July 14, 2017, (the “Campus Fabric Business Closing Date”) pursuant to an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Campus Fabric Business APA”) dated March 7, 2017.  Under the terms and conditions of the Campus Fabric Business APA, the Company acquired the customers, employees, technology and other assets of the Campus Fabric Business, as well as assumed certain contracts and other liabilities of the Campus Fabric Business, for total provisional consideration of $79.8 million, calculated as $100.0 million, less adjustments set forth in the Campus Fabric Business APA related to net working capital, deferred revenue, certain assumed lease obligations and certain assumed pension obligations for transferring employees of the Campus Fabric Business.  Pursuant to certain ancillary agreements, Avaya will also provide the Company with transition services for a period of time following the Campus Fabric Business Closing Date. 

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The following table below summarizes the preliminary allocation as of March 31, 2018 of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in thousands):

The changes during the period in the table above include: a) additional information on accounts receivable as of the acquisition date, b) additional information on prepaid expenses as of the acquisition date, c) update on preliminary estimate of the fair value of property and equipment which led to an increase, d) an adjustment of the fair value of deferred maintenance revenue and associated deferred cost of revenue, e) additional information on unpaid invoices as of the acquisition date, and f) revised fair value based on revisions to estimated useful life of identifiable intangible assets and in-process research and development acquired.

The following table presents details of the identifiable intangible assets acquired as part of the acquisition (dollars in thousands):

The amortization for the developed technology is recorded in “Cost of revenues” for product and the amortization for the remaining intangibles is recorded in “Amortization of intangibles” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations.  The goodwill recognized is attributable primarily to expected synergies and the assembled workforce of the Campus Fabric Business.  The Company anticipates both the goodwill and intangible assets to be fully deductible for income tax purposes. 

The Company also acquired an indefinite lived asset of $2.6 million which represents the fair value of in-process research and development activities.  During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the related research and development efforts were completed and the Company reclassified the in-process research and development of $2.6 million to developed technology and began recognizing amortization expense over its estimated useful life.

The results of operations of the Campus Fabric Business are included in the accompanying condensed consolidated results of operations beginning July 14, 2017.  The Campus Fabric Business revenue for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 was $127.7 million and has been incorporated into the revenue of the Company. The associated expenses of the Campus Fabric Business have been incorporated with the results of operations of the Company as a product line and, therefore, stand-alone operating results are not available. In the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, the Company incurred $4.4 million and $13.9 million, respectively, of acquisition and integration related expenses associated with the acquisition of the Campus Fabric Business.  Such acquisition-related costs are included in “Acquisition and integration costs, net of bargain purchase gain” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.  The costs, which the Company expensed as incurred, consist primarily of professional fees to financial and legal advisors and IT consultants and companies.

Capital Financing Business

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On December 1, 2017, Company completed its acquisition of a capital financing business (the “CF Business”), pursuant to a Bill of Sale and Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Assumption Agreement”) between the Company and Broadcom.  Under the terms and conditions of the Assumption Agreement, the Company acquired customers, employees, contracts and lease equipment of the CF Business equal to the earn out payments to Broadcom of 90% of acquired financing receivables to be collected commencing at the closing date.

Net assets acquired included financing receivables of $13.7 million, lease equipment of $3.5 million and identifiable intangible assets of $0.8 million, and the fair value of the contingent consideration was $13.0 million. As the preliminary fair value of the net assets acquired exceeded the fair value of the purchase consideration, the Company recorded a bargain purchase gain of $5.0 million which is included in “Acquisition and integration costs, net of bargain purchase gain” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.  Acquisition and integration related expenses associated with the acquisition of the CF Business were immaterial.

Fiscal 2017 Acquisition

On October 28, 2016, the Company completed its acquisition of the wireless local area network business (“WLAN Business”) from Zebra Technologies Corporation.  Under the terms of the WLAN Asset Purchase Agreement, the Company acquired customers, employees, technology and other assets as well as assumed certain contracts and other liabilities of the WLAN Business, for a net cash consideration to $49.5 million.  The following table below summarizes the final allocation of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in thousands):

Pro forma financial information

The following unaudited pro forma results of operations are presented as though the acquisitions of the Data Center Business, CF Business, Campus Fabric Business and WLAN Businesses had occurred as of the beginning of the earliest period presented after giving effect to purchase accounting adjustments relating to inventories, deferred revenue, depreciation and amortization on acquired property and equipment and intangibles, acquisition costs, interest income and expense and related tax effects.

The pro forma results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the combined results that would have occurred had the acquisition been consummated as of the earliest period presented, nor are they necessarily indicative of future operating results. The unaudited pro forma results do not include the impact of synergies, nor any potential impacts on current or future market conditions which could alter the unaudited pro forma results.

The unaudited pro forma financial information for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, combines the results for Extreme for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, which include the results of the Data Center Business, CF Business and Campus Fabric Business subsequent to their acquisition dates and their historical results up to the acquisition date.

The unaudited pro forma financial information for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2017, combines the historical results for Extreme for those periods, as adjusted for the adoption of Topic 606, with the historical results of the Data Center Business, CF Business and Campus Fabric Business for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2017, as well as the historical results of the WLAN Business prior to the WLAN Business acquisition date.

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Pro forma results of operations from the Data Center Business, CF Business, Campus Fabric Business and WLAN Business acquisitions included in the pro forma results of operations for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2017 have not been adjusted for the adoption of Topic 606 because the Company determined that it is impractical to estimate the impact of the adoption.

The following table summarizes the unaudited pro forma financial information (in thousands, except per share amounts):

 

For a description of significant accounting policies, see Note 3, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017. Except for the following policies, there have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies since the filing of the Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Revenue Recognition

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which the Company adopted on July 1, 2017, using the retrospective method.  The Company derives the majority of its revenue from sales of its networking equipment, with the remaining revenue generated from service fees relating to maintenance contracts, professional services, and training for its products. The Company sells its products and maintenance contracts direct to customers and to partners in two distribution channels, or tiers. The first tier consists of a limited number of independent distributors that stock its products and sell primarily to resellers.  The second tier of the distribution channel consists of a non-stocking distributors and value-added resellers that sell directly to end-users.  Products and services may be sold separately or in bundled packages.  

The Company considers customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master sales agreements, to be the contracts with a customer.  For each contract, the Company considers the promise to transfer products and services, each of which are distinct, to be the identified performance obligations. In determining the transaction price the Company evaluates whether the price is subject to refund or adjustment to determine the net consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled.

For all of the Company’s sales and distribution channels, revenue is recognized when control of the product is transferred to the customer (i.e., when the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied), which typically occurs at shipment for product sales. Revenue from maintenance contracts is recognized over time as the Company’s performance obligations are satisfied. This is typically the contractual service period, which ranges from one to three years.  For product sales to value-added resellers of the Company, non-stocking distributors and end-user customers, the Company generally does not grant return privileges, except for defective products during the warranty period, nor does the Company grant pricing credits.  Sales incentives and other programs that the Company may make available to these customers are considered to be a form of variable consideration and the Company maintains estimated accruals and allowances using the expected value method. There were no material changes in the current period to the estimated transaction price for performance obligations which were satisfied or partially satisfied during previous periods.    

Sales to stocking distributors are made under terms allowing certain price adjustments and limited rights of return (known as “stock rotation”) of the Company’s products held in their inventory. Revenue from sales to distributors is recognized upon the transfer of control to the distributor.  Frequently, distributors need to sell at a price lower than the contractual distribution price in order to win business, and submit rebate requests for Company pre-approval prior to selling the product through at the discounted price.  At the time the distributor invoices its customer or soon thereafter, the distributor submits a rebate claim to the Company to adjust the distributor’s cost from the contractual price to the pre-approved lower price. After the Company verifies that the claim was pre-approved, a credit memo is issued to the distributor for the rebate claim. In determining the transaction price, the Company considers these rebate adjustments to be variable consideration. Such price adjustments are estimated using the expected value method based on an analysis of actual claims, at the distributor level over a period of time considered adequate to account for current pricing and business trends. Stock rotation rights grant the distributor the ability to return certain specified amounts of inventory. Stock rotation

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adjustments are an additional form of variable consideration and are also estimated using the expected value method based on historical return rates. There were no material changes in the current period to the estimated variable consideration for performance obligations which were satisfied or partially satisfied during previous periods. 

Performance Obligations. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is the unit of account in Topic 606. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied.  Certain of the Company’s contracts have multiple performance obligations, as the promise to transfer individual goods or services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and, therefore, is distinct.  For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price.  The stand-alone selling prices are determined based on the prices at which the Company separately sells these products.  For items that are not sold separately, the Company estimates the stand-alone selling prices using the best estimated selling price approach.  

The Company’s performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time or over time as work progresses.  Substantially all of the Company’s product sales revenues as reflected on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 are recognized at a point in time. Substantially all of the Company’s service revenue is recognized over time.  For revenue recognized over time, the Company uses an input measure, days elapsed, to measure progress.  

On March 31, 2018, the Company had $156.6 million of remaining performance obligations, which is comprised of deferred maintenance revenue and services not yet delivered.  The Company expects to recognize approximately 33 percent of its remaining performance obligations as revenue in fiscal 2018, an additional 48 percent in fiscal 2019 and 19 percent of the balance thereafter.

Contract Balances. The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable and deferred revenue in the consolidated balance sheet. Services provided under renewable support arrangements of the Company are billed in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, which are typically at periodic intervals (e.g., quarterly or annually).  The Company sometimes receives payments from its customers in advance of services being provided, resulting in deferred revenues.  These liabilities are reported on the consolidated balance sheet on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period.

Revenue recognized for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of each period was $66.7 million and $61.4 million, respectively. Revenue recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of each period was $50.6 million and $31.3 million, respectively.

Contract Costs.  The Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less.  Management expects that commission fees paid to sales representative as a result of obtaining service contracts and contract renewals are recoverable and therefore the Company capitalized them as contract costs in the amount of $3.1 million and $2.5 million at March 31, 2018 and June 30, 2017, respectively.  Capitalized commission fees are amortized on a straight-line basis over the average period of service contracts of approximately three years, and are included in “Sales and marketing” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.  Amortization recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, was $0.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively.  Amortization recognized during the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $1.4 million and $1.1 million, respectively.  There was no impairment loss in relation to the costs capitalized.

Revenue by Category: The following table sets forth the Company’s revenue disaggregated by sales channel and geographic region based on the customer’s ship-to locations (in thousands, unaudited):

 

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Business Combinations

The Company applies the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. Under this method of accounting, all assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their respective fair values at the date of the completion of the transaction. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management’s judgment and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including assumptions with respect to future cash inflows and outflows, discount rates, intangibles and other asset lives, among other items. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (an exit price). Market participants are assumed to be buyers and sellers in the principal (most advantageous) market for the asset or liability. Additionally, fair value measurements for an asset assume the highest and best use of that asset by market participants. As a result, we may have been required to value the acquired assets at fair value measures that do not reflect its intended use of those assets. Use of different estimates and judgments could yield different results.

Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired is recognized as goodwill. If the fair value of net assets acquired exceeds the fair value of purchase price, a gain on bargain purchase is recognized in the statements of operations. Although we believe the assumptions and estimates we have made are reasonable and appropriate, they are based in part on historical experience and information that may be obtained from the management of the acquired company and are inherently uncertain. Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that may affect the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to our consolidated statements of operations.

 

4.Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting which amends the scope of modification accounting for share-based payment arrangements and provides guidance on the types of changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards to which an entity would be required to apply modification accounting under Topic 718. Specifically, an entity would not apply modification accounting if the fair value, vesting conditions, and classification of the awards are the same immediately before and after the modification. The guidance is effective prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material effect on its financial statements. This guidance will be effective for the Company beginning with its fiscal year 2019.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments to provide guidance on the classification of eight cash flow issues in order to reduce diversity in practice.  The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within that reporting period. The amendments in this update should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. If impracticable to apply the amendments retrospectively for some of the issues, the amendments for those issues would be applied prospectively as of the earliest date practicable. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material effect on its presentation of cash flows. This guidance will be effective for the Company beginning with its fiscal year 2019.

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In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which provides guidance for the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial assets and liabilities.  The Company does not expect ASU 2016-01 will have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures. This guidance will become effective for the Company beginning with its fiscal year 2019.

In August 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities which is intended to allow companies to better align risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results by expanding and refining hedge accounting for both nonfinancial and financial risk components and aligning the recognition and presentation of the effects of the hedging instrument and the hedged item in the financial statements. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is evaluating the accounting, transition and disclosure requirements of the standard and cannot currently estimate the financial statement impact of adoption. This guidance is effective for the Company beginning with its fiscal year 2020.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) which requires the identification of arrangements that should be accounted for as leases by lessees. In general, for lease arrangements exceeding a twelve-month term, these arrangements must now be recognized as assets and liabilities on the balance sheet of the lessee. Under Topic 842, a right-of-use asset and lease obligation will be recorded for all leases, whether operating or financing, while the statement of operations will reflect lease expense for operating leases and amortization/interest expense for financing leases. The balance sheet amount recorded for existing leases at the date of adoption of Topic 842 must be calculated using the applicable incremental borrowing rate at the date of adoption. In addition, Topic 842 requires the use of the modified retrospective method, which will require adjustment to all comparative periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures. This guidance will become effective for the Company beginning with its fiscal year 2020.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Revenues Recognition

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), to clarify the principles of recognizing revenue and create common revenue recognition guidance between U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. Under Topic 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services and is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for such goods or services.  In addition, Topic 606 requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.

The Company adopted Topic 606 on July 1, 2017, using the full retrospective method. This adoption primarily affected the Company’s accounting for distributor and resellers revenues from a primarily “sell-through” model, where revenue is recognized upon the sale from the distribution channel to the end customer, to the “sell-in” method where revenue is recognized upon transfer of control to its customers, including distributors. Under the sell-in method, the Company is required to make estimates at the time of shipment to its distributors of variable consideration as well as estimated returns under stock rotation rights granted to the distributors.  Additionally, the Company capitalizes contract acquisition costs such as commissions paid for maintenance services contracts in excess of one year.  Following the adoption of Topic 606, the revenue recognition for the Company’s other sales arrangements remained materially consistent with our historical practice.

Upon adoption of Topic 606, we applied the standard’s practical expedients that allows a) an entity to use the transaction price at the date the contract was completed rather than estimating variable consideration amounts in the comparative reporting periods, b) that permits the omission of prior-period information about our performance obligations, and c) that allows the Company to reflect the aggregate effect of all modifications that occur before the beginning of the earliest period presented when identifying the satisfied and unsatisfied performance obligations, determining the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to the satisfied and unsatisfied performance obligations.

See the tables at the end of this note for the effects of the adoption of Topic 606 on our condensed consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2017, and for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.  See Note 3. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion of the effects of the adoption of Topic 606 on our significant accounting policies.

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Adjustments to Previously Reported Financial Statements from the Adoption of Accounting Pronouncements

The following table presents the effect of the adoption of Topic 606 on our condensed consolidated balance sheet (unaudited) as of June 30, 2017, (in thousands):

 

The following tables present the effect of the adoption of Topic 606 on our condensed consolidated statements of operations (unaudited) for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2017 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

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The following tables present the effect of the adoption of Topic 606 on our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows (unaudited) for the nine months ended March 31, 2017 (in thousands):

 

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Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

The following is a summary of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities (in thousands):

 

The Company considers highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Marketable securities are recorded in “Prepaid expense and other current assets” in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as these are publicly-traded equity securities. Marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Inventories

The Company values its inventory at lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is computed using standard cost, which approximates actual cost, on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company has established inventory allowances primarily determined by the demand of inventory or when conditions exist that suggest that inventory may be in excess of anticipated demand or is obsolete based upon assumptions about future demand. At the point of the loss recognition, a new, lower-cost basis for that inventory is established, and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis. Any written down or obsolete inventory subsequently sold has not had a material impact on gross margin for any of the periods disclosed.

Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

 

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment consist of the following (in thousands):

 

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Intangibles

The following tables summarize the components of gross and net intangible asset balances (dollars in thousands)

 

During the three months ended September 30, 2017, in-process research and development of $1.4 million included in the above table was reclassified to developed technology upon completion of the project and is being amortized over its estimated useful life.

The amortization expense of intangibles for the periods presented is summarized below (in thousands):

The amortization expense that is recognized in “Cost of revenues: Product” is comprised of amortization for developed technology, license agreements and other intangibles.

Goodwill

The following table summarizes goodwill for the periods presented (in thousands):

During the nine months ended March 31, 2018, the Company completed acquisitions of the Campus Fabric Business and the Data Center Business, resulting in an additional goodwill of $36.4 million and $12.6 million, respectively.  See Note 2 for additional information related to the acquisitions.

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Deferred Revenue

The Company offers for sale to its customers, renewable support arrangements that range from one to five years as well as professional and training services, which results in deferred revenue.

Debt

The Company’s debt is comprised of the following (in thousands):

In connection with the closing of Campus Fabric Business discussed in Note 2, the Company entered into the Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (“Second Amendment”), which amended the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of October 28, 2016 (the “Credit Facility”), by and among the Company, as borrower, Silicon Valley Bank, as administrative agent and collateral agent, and lenders. Among other things, the Second Amendment (i) increased the amount of the available borrowing under the Credit Facility from $140.5 million to $243.7 million, composed of (a) the five-year term loan (“Term Loan”) in a principal amount of up to $183.7 million and (b) the five-year revolving credit facility (“Revolver”) in a principal amount of up to $60.0 million, (ii) extends the maturity date under the existing Term Loan and the termination date under the existing Revolver, (iii) provides for an uncommitted additional incremental loan facility in the principal amount of up to $50.0 million (“Incremental Facility”), and (iv) joins certain additional banks, financial institutions and institutional lenders as lenders pursuant to the terms of the Credit Facility.  On July 14, 2017, the Company borrowed $80.0 million under the Term Loan which was used to fund the purchase of Campus Fabric Business.

In connection with the closing of the acquisition of the Data Center Business discussed in Note 2, the Company entered into the Third Amendment to the Credit Facility (the “Third Amendment”) on October 26, 2017. Among other things, the Third Amendment (i) amends the negative covenant governing dispositions to increase the general dispositions basket for the fiscal year of the Company ending June 30, 2018, and (ii) amends certain definitions and provisions to update certain references to the Data Center Business Purchase Agreement (as defined above). On the Data Center Business Closing Date, the Company borrowed $20.0 million on the Term Loan to partially fund the acquisition of the Data Center Business.

Borrowings under the Term Loan bear interest, at our option, at a rate equal to either the LIBOR rate (subject to a 0.0% LIBOR floor), plus an applicable margin (currently 3.25% per annum based on a stated consolidated leverage ratio) or the adjusted base rate, plus an applicable margin (currently 1.25% per annum based on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio).  Borrowings under the Revolver bear interest, at the Company’s option, at a rate equal to either the LIBOR rate (subject to a 0.0% LIBOR floor), plus an applicable margin (currently 3.25% per annum based on a stated consolidated leverage ratio) or the adjusted base rate, plus an applicable margin (currently 1.25% per annum based on a stated consolidated leverage ratio).  The Revolver has a commitment fee payable on the undrawn amount ranging from 0.375% to 0.50% per annum based upon a stated consolidated leverage ratio.

The Company had $1.2 million of outstanding letters of credit and $48.8 million of availability under the Revolver as of March 31, 2018.  

On May 1, 2018, the Company terminated the Credit Facility.

On May 1, 2018, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement (the “New Credit Agreement”), by and among the Company, as borrower, BMO Harris Bank N.A., as an issuing lender and swingline lender, Bank of Montreal, as administrative and collateral agent, and the financial institutions or entities that are a party thereto as lenders.  The New Credit Agreement provides for a $40 million five-year revolving credit facility (the “New Revolver”) and a $190 million five-year term loan (the “New Term Loan” and together with the New Revolver, the “New Senior Secured Credit Facilities”). On May 1, 2018, the Company borrowed $200 million under the New Senior Secured Credit Facilities in order to pay off existing debt and for general corporate purposes.

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See Note 14 (Subsequent Events) to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more information on the New Credit Agreement.

Guarantees and Product Warranties

Networking products may contain undetected hardware or software errors when new products or new versions or updates of existing products are released to the marketplace. The Company’s standard hardware warranty period is typically 12 months from the date of shipment to end-users and 90 days for software. For certain access products, the Company offers a limited lifetime hardware warranty commencing on the date of shipment from the Company and ending five (5) years following the Company’s announcement of the end of sale of such product. Upon shipment of products to its customers, the Company estimates expenses for the cost to repair or replace products that may be returned under warranty and accrue a liability in cost of product revenue for this amount. The determination of the Company’s warranty requirements is based on actual historical experience with the product or product family, estimates of repair and replacement costs and any product warranty problems that are identified after shipment.  The Company estimates and adjusts these accruals at each balance sheet date in accordance with changes in these factors.

Upon issuance of a standard product warranty, the Company discloses and recognizes a liability for the obligations it assumes under the product warranty. The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s product warranty liability during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):

 

To facilitate sales of its products in the normal course of business, the Company indemnifies its resellers and end-user customers with respect to certain matters. The Company has agreed to hold the customer harmless against losses arising from a breach of intellectual property infringement or other. These agreements may limit the time within which an indemnification claim can be made and the amount of the claim.  It is not possible to estimate the maximum potential amount under these indemnification agreements due to the limited history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. Historically, payments made by the Company under these agreements have not had a material impact on its operating results or financial position.

Other long-term liabilities

The following is a summary of long-term liabilities (in thousands):

Advertising

All advertising costs are expensed as incurred.  Advertising expenses for three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, were immaterial.

Concentrations

The Company may be subject to concentration of credit risk as a result of certain financial instruments consisting of accounts receivable and marketable securities. The Company does not invest an amount exceeding 10% of its combined cash or cash equivalents in the securities of any one obligor or maker, except for obligations of the United States government, obligations of United States government agencies and money market accounts.

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The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral in exchange for credit.

The following table sets forth major customers accounting for 10% or more of our net revenues:

 

The following customers account for more than 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable outstanding as of March 31, 2018, Tech Data 18% and Westcon Group 14%

A three-tier fair value hierarchy is utilized to prioritize the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels are defined as follows:

The following table presents the Company’s fair value hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

 

 

Level 1 investments:    

The Company holds investments in equity securities acquired from the sale of an investment in non-marketable equity securities during the first quarter of fiscal 2018, which is classified as available-for-sale marketable securities at Level 1 as the investments have readily determinable fair value (see below, Level 3 investments). An unrealized holding gain on the investments was $0.7 million as of March 31, 2018.   

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Level 2 assets and liabilities:    

The Company includes U.S. government and sovereign obligations, most government agency securities, investment-grade corporate bonds, and state, municipal and provincial obligations for which quoted prices are available as Level 2. There were no transfers of assets or liabilities between Level 1 and Level 2 for the periods presented.

The fair value of the borrowings under the Credit Facility is estimated based on valuations provided by alternative pricing sources supported by observable inputs which is considered Level 2. Due to the short duration until maturity of the credit facility, the fair value approximates the face amount of the Company’s indebtedness of $178.7 million and $93.7 million as of March 31, 2018 and June 30, 2017, respectively. Such differences are immaterial for all periods presented.

Level 3 assets and liabilities: 

Certain of the Company’s assets, including intangible assets and goodwill are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis if impairment is indicated.  

As of June 30, 2017, the Company reflected its non-marketable equity investment as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy as it is based on unobservable inputs that market participants would use in pricing this asset due to the absence of recent comparable market transactions and inherent lack of liquidity.  During fiscal 2015, the Company purchased a $3.0 million equity interest in a company that operated in the enterprise software platform industry.  The Company did not enter into any other transactions with the investee during fiscal 2017 or the first quarter of fiscal 2018.   During the three months ended September 30, 2017, the investee was acquired by a third party.  The Company received $6.8 million as consideration for its equity interest in the investee, including $5.4 million in cash and 65,937 shares of the third party’s publicly-traded common stock with a market value of $1.4 million. During the first quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company received $5.8 million of the consideration, consisting of $4.9 million in cash and 41,685 shares with a market value of $0.9 million. The remainder of the consideration consisting of $0.5 million of cash and $0.5 million of shares will remain in escrow for a period of 18 months from the date of sales for general representations and warranties. A gain of $3.8 million related to this sale was recorded in “Other income (expense), net” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations for the nine months ended March 31, 2018. The 41,685 shares received and 23,252 shares held in escrow as of March 31, 2018 were considered Level 1 investments as these have readily determinable fair value and quoted prices in active markets.

During the quarter ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded a liability for contingent consideration related to its acquisitions of the Data Center Business and the CF Business (see Note 2 for additional information related to the acquisitions). The fair value measurement of the contingent consideration obligations is determined using Level 3 inputs. The fair value of contingent consideration obligations is based on a discounted cash flow model.  These fair value measurements represent Level 3 measurements as they are based on significant inputs not observable in the market. Significant judgment is employed in determining the appropriateness of these assumptions as of the acquisition date and for each subsequent period.  Accordingly, changes in assumptions could have a material impact on the amount of contingent consideration expense the Company records in any given period.  Changes in the value of the contingent consideration obligations would be recorded in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The change in the acquisition-related contingent consideration obligations is as follows (in thousands):

There were no transfers of assets or liabilities between Level 2 and Level 3 during the first nine months of fiscal year 2018 or 2017. There were no impairments recorded for the first nine months of fiscal 2018 or 2017.

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7.Share-based Compensation

Shares reserved for issuance

The Company had reserved for issuance for the periods noted (in thousands):

 

Share-based compensation expense recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements by line item caption is as follows (in thousands):

During the nine months ended March 31, 2018 or 2017, the Company did not capitalize any share-based compensation expense in inventory, as the amounts were immaterial.

Stock Awards

Stock awards may be granted under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2013 Plan”) on terms approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Stock awards generally provide for the issuance of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) including performance or market-based RSUs which vest over a fixed period of time or based upon the satisfaction of certain performance criteria.  The Company uses the straight-line method for expense attribution, and beginning with fiscal 2017, the Company does not estimate forfeitures, but accounts for them as incurred.

The following table summarizes stock award activity for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 (in thousands, except grant date fair value):

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The following table summarizes stock option activity for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 (in thousands, except per share and contractual term):

The fair value of each stock option grant under the 2013 Plan and 2005 Equity Incentive Plan is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option valuation model with the weighted average assumptions noted in the following table.  The Company uses the Monte-Carlo simulation model to determine the fair value and the derived service period of stock awards with market conditions, on the date of the grant.  The expected term of options granted is derived from historical data on employee exercise and post-vesting employment termination behavior.  The risk-free rate is based upon the estimated life of the option and the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility on the Company’s stock. 

The fair value of each RSUs grant with performance-based vesting criteria (“PSUs”) under the 2013 Plan is estimated on the date of grant using the Monte-Carlo simulation model to determine the fair value and the derived service period of stock awards with market conditions, on the date of the grant.

During the first quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company approved the grant of 1,154,014 stock awards to its vice president level employees or above (“VPs”), including 560,344 stock awards to its Executive Officers, and 939,925 stock awards to its other employees.  Fifty percent (50%) of the stock awards granted to the VPs, except the chief executive officer, were in the form of PSUs, with grant date fair values of $10.90, and fifty percent (50%) of the stock awards granted were in the form of service-based RSUs. The Company’s chief executive officer received sixty percent (60%) of his stock award grant in the form of PSUs, while forty percent (40%) of this award were in the form of RSUs, with a grant date fair value of $10.90.  The RSUs vest from the original grant date as to one-third (1/3) on the one-year anniversary and one-twelfth (1/12) each quarter thereafter, subject to continued service to the Company.   No PSUs were granted during the second quarter of fiscal 2018.

For the PSUs referenced in the preceding paragraph, they will be considered earned once the Company’s combined earnings per share equals or exceeds $0.32 for two consecutive quarters (the “FY18 Performance Threshold”).  Upon satisfying the FY18 Performance Threshold, the PSUs shall vest with respect to the same number of RSUs that have vested which were granted on the same date and thereafter, shall vest on the same schedule as the RSUs, subject to continued service to the Company.  If the FY18 Performance Threshold is not met by the third anniversary of the grant date the award is canceled.  In addition, the FY18 Performance Threshold shall be deemed satisfied upon the closing of a Change in Control (within the meaning of the Company’s 2013 Equity Incentive Plan) in the event the per share consideration received by the Company’s stockholders equals or exceeds $16.00 per share.

During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, none of the PSU grants referenced above achieved their FY18 Performance Threshold.

During the third quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company approved the grant of 100,000 stock awards with market-based vesting criteria to certain VPs with grant date fair values ranging from $10.61 to $12.19 determined by using the Monte-Carlo simulation model.

During the first quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company approved the grant of 1,505,120 stock awards to its VPs, including 680,000 stock awards to its Executive Officers, and 1,053,300 stock awards to other Company employees.  Fifty percent (50%) of the stock awards granted to the VPs were in the form of PSUs, with grant date fair values ranging from $3.02 to $3.09, and fifty percent (50%) of the stock awards granted were in the form of RSUs.   The RSUs vest from the original grant date as to one-third (1/3) on the one-year anniversary and one-twelfth (1/12) each quarter thereafter, subject to continued service to the Company.  No PSUs were granted during the second quarter of fiscal 2017.

The PSUs were considered earned once the Company’s stock price equaled or exceeded $5.00 per share for 30 consecutive trading days after January 1, 2017 (the “FY17 Performance Threshold”).  Once the FY17 Performance Threshold goal was attainted the PSUs began to vest on the same schedule as the RSUs that were granted at the same time, subject to continued service to the Company.

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During the quarter ended March 31, 2017, all of the PSU grants referenced above achieved their FY17 Performance Threshold and as such, began vesting and will be released on the schedule as noted, subject to continued service to the Company.

The fair value of each share purchase option under the Company’s 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option valuation model with the weighted average assumptions noted in the following table.  The expected term of the ESPP represents the term of the offering period of each option.  The risk-free rate is based upon the estimated life and on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.  Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility on the Company’s stock.

There were 1,151,759 and 1,114,707 shares issued under the ESPP during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  There were 2,419,689 and 2,218,306 shares issued under the ESPP during the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of shares granted under the ESPP during the following periods:

 

 

 

The weighted-average fair value of shares granted under the ESPP during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $4.00 and $1.34, respectively. The weighted-average fair value of shares granted under the ESPP during the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $3.26 and $1.24, respectively.

 

2018 Restructuring

In the third quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company announced and began executing a reduction-in-force (the “2018 Restructuring”) to re-align the Company’s resources as a result of the Company’s recent acquisitions of the Campus Fabric Business and the Data Center Business. The Company recorded $4.9 million related to employee severance and benefits expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

2017 Restructuring

The Company recorded restructuring charges, net of $7.7 million and $9.6 million for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2017, respectively.  Pursuant with the WLAN Business acquisition from Zebra, the Company assumed a facility lease located at and transferred its headquarters to 6480 Via del Oro, San Jose, California.  The Company consolidated its existing workforce from the Company’s previous headquarters location on Rio Robles Drive in San Jose, California, with employees assumed from Zebra at the Via del Oro site and exited the Rio Robles site on January 31, 2017.  Due to the Company’s cease use of the Rio Robles facility and abandonment of all leasehold improvements, it accelerated the amortization of the remaining leasehold improvements balance for this site over the shortened service period such that the leasehold improvements were fully amortized on the cease-use date.  The Company recorded accelerated amortization expense for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2017 of $0.9 million and $2.6 million respectively, and it is reflected in “Restructuring and related charges, net of reversals” in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.   

The Company entered into an agreement to sublease its Rio Robles California site during the third quarter of fiscal 2017.  The sublease is for the remaining duration of the Company’s lease. The sublease resulted in adjustments to the prior estimates for the amount of sublease payments, timing of sublease activities and real estate commissions associated with the sublease.  The net adjustments resulted in a charge of $1.5 million during the third quarter of fiscal 2017.   Previously, in the second quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company had modified its estimated future obligations for non-cancelable lease payments and related future sub-leasing income and recorded charges of $0.1 million.  The excess facilities payments will continue through fiscal year 2023, due to the length of the lease agreements.

In conjunction with the above noted actions, the Company announced a reduction-in-force during the quarter ended March 31, 2017 affecting 90 employees.  The Company recorded $5.3 million in severance and benefits charges during the period.  

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Restructuring liabilities consisted of obligations pertaining to the estimated future obligations for non-cancelable lease payments, as well as severance and benefits obligations. The restructuring liabilities are recorded in “Other accrued liabilities” and “Other long-term liabilities” in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Total restructuring and related liabilities consist of (in thousands):

 

Purchase Commitments

The Company currently has arrangements with contract manufacturers and suppliers for the manufacture of its products. Those arrangements allow the contract manufactures to procure long lead-time component inventory based upon a rolling production forecast provided by the Company. The Company is obligated to purchase long lead-time component inventory that its contract manufacturer procures in accordance with the Company’s forecast, unless the Company gives notice of order cancellation outside of applicable component lead-times. As of March 31, 2018, the Company had non-cancelable commitments to purchase $151.5 million of such inventory.  As of March 31, 2018 the Company had non-cancelable software and maintenance support commitments to purchase $17.5 million of software and support services.

Legal Proceedings

The Company may from time to time be party to litigation arising in the course of its business, including, without limitation, allegations relating to commercial transactions, business relationships or intellectual property rights. Such claims, even if not meritorious, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. Litigation in general, and intellectual property and securities litigation in particular, can be expensive and disruptive to normal business operations. Moreover, the results of legal proceedings are difficult to predict.

In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, the Company records accruals for certain of its outstanding legal proceedings, investigations or claims when it is probable that a liability will be incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company evaluates, at least on a quarterly basis, developments in legal proceedings, investigations or claims that could affect the amount of any accrual, as well as any developments that would result in a loss contingency to become both probable and reasonably estimable. When a loss contingency is not both probable and reasonably estimable, the Company does not record a loss accrual.  However, if the loss (or an additional loss in excess of any prior accrual) is at least a reasonable possibility and material, then the Company would disclose an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss, if such estimate can be made, or disclose that an estimate cannot be made. The assessment whether a loss is probable or a reasonable possibility, and whether the loss or a range of loss is estimable, involves a series of complex judgments about future events. Even if a loss is reasonably possible, the Company may not be able to estimate a range of possible loss, particularly where (i) the damages sought are substantial or indeterminate, (ii) the proceedings are in the early stages, or (iii) the matters involve novel or unsettled legal theories or a large number of parties. In such cases, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the ultimate resolution of such matters, including the amount of any possible loss, fine or penalty.  Accordingly, for current proceedings, except as noted below, the Company is currently unable to estimate any reasonably possible loss or range of possible loss.  However, an adverse resolution of one or more of such matters could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations in a particular quarter or fiscal year.

Brazilian Tax Assessment Matter

On May 28, 2007, the Public Treasury Department of the State of Sao Paolo, Brazil (the “Tax Authority”) assessed our Brazilian subsidiary, Enterasys Networks do Brasil Ltda. (“Enterasys Brasil”), based on an alleged underpayment of taxes.  The Tax Authority also charged interest and penalties with respect to the assessment (collectively, the “ICMS Tax Assessment”).  The Tax Authority denied Enterasys Brasil the use of certain presumed tax credits granted by the State of Espirito Santo, Brazil under the terms of the FUNDAP program for the period from February 2003 to December 2004.  The value of the disallowed presumed tax credits is BRL 3.4 million (approximately U.S. $1.0 million), excluding interest and penalties. All currency conversions in this Legal Proceedings section are as of March 31, 2018.

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Unable to resolve the matter at the administrative level, on October 1, 2014, Enterasys Brasil filed a lawsuit in the 11th Public Treasury Court of the Sao Paolo State Court of Justice (Judiciary District of Sao Paolo) to overturn or reduce the ICMS Tax Assessment. As part of this lawsuit, Enterasys Brasil requested a stay of execution, so that no tax foreclosure could be filed and no guarantee would be required until the court issued its final ruling.  On or about October 6, 2014, the court granted a preliminary injunction staying any execution on the assessment, but requiring that Enterasys Brasil deposit the assessed amount with the court.  Enterasys Brasil appealed this ruling and, on or about January 28, 2015, the appellate court ruled that no cash deposit (or guarantee) was required.  In a decision dated August 28, 2017, and published on October 3, 2017, the court validated the assessment and penalty imposed by the Tax Authority, but ruled that the Tax Authority was charging an unlawfully high interest rate on the tax assessment and penalty amounts, and ordered the interest rate reduced to the maximum Federal rate. The August 28, 2017 decision, were it to become final, would require Enterasys Brasil to pay a total of BRL 16.8 million (approximately U.S. $5.1 million), which includes penalties, court costs, attorneys’ fees, and accrued interest as of March 31, 2018.  The Company believes the ICMS Tax Assessment against Enterasys Brasil is without merit, and has appealed the lower court’s decision.  The appellate court ruled that no cash deposit (or guarantee) is required during the pendency of the appeal.

Based on the currently available information, the Company believes the ultimate outcome of the ICMS Tax Assessment litigation will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position or overall results of operations. However, due to the complexities and uncertainty surrounding the judicial process in Brazil and the nature of the claims asserted, there can be no assurance of a favorable outcome for Enterasys Brasil, which recorded an accrual of BRL 9.4 million (approximately U.S. $2.8 million) as of the date the Company acquired Enterasys Networks.

The Company made a demand on April 11, 2014 for a defense from, and indemnification by, the former equity holder of Enterasys Networks, Inc. (“Seller”) in connection with the ICMS Tax Assessment. Seller agreed to assume the defense of the ICMS Tax Assessment on May 20, 2014. In addition, through the settlement of an indemnification-related lawsuit with the Seller on June 18, 2015, Seller agreed to continue to defend the Company with respect to the ICMS Tax Assessment and to indemnify the Company for losses related thereto subject to certain conditions. These conditions include the offsetting of foreign income tax benefits realized by the Company in connection with the acquisition of Enterasys.  Based upon current projections of the foreign income tax benefits to be realized, and the potential liability in the event of an adverse final judgment in the ICMS Tax Assessment litigation, the Company does not presently anticipate that any amounts under the indemnification will be due from the Seller in connection with the ICMS Tax Assessment.

In re Extreme Networks, Inc. Securities Litigation

On October 23 and 29, 2015, punitive class action complaints alleging violations of securities laws were filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California against the Company and three of its former officers (Charles W. Berger, Kenneth B. Arola, and John T. Kurtzweil).  Subsequently, the cases were consolidated (In re Extreme Networks, Inc. Securities Litigation, No. 3:15-CY-04883-BLF).  Plaintiffs allege that defendants violated the securities laws by disseminating materially false and misleading statements and concealing material adverse facts regarding the Company’s financial condition, business operations and growth prospects. Plaintiffs seek unspecified damages on behalf of a purported class of investors who purchased the Company’s common stock from September 12, 2013 through April 9, 2015.  On June 28, 2016, the Court appointed a lead plaintiff.  On September 26, 2016, the lead plaintiff filed a consolidated complaint. On November 10, 2016, defendants filed a motion to dismiss, which the Court granted with leave to amend on April 27, 2017.  On June 2, 2017, the lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint, which, on July 10, 2017, defendants again moved to dismiss.  In a March 21, 2018 Order (the “March 2018 Order”), the Court granted in part and denied in part the defendants’ motion. The March 2018 Order narrowed the scope of the case, but allowed certain claims to proceed.  The Company believes plaintiffs’ claims are without merit, and intends to defend them vigorously.

On February 18, 2016, a shareholder derivative case was filed in the Superior Court of California, Santa Clara County (Shaffer v. Kispert et al., No. 16 CV 291726).  The complaint names current and former officers and directors as defendants, and seeks recovery on behalf of the Company based on substantially the same allegations as the securities class action litigation described above.  As a result of the March 2018 Order, the stipulated stay of the derivative litigation now has ended.

XR Communications, LLC d/b/a Vivato Technologies, LLC v. Extreme Networks, Inc.  

On April 19, 2017, XR Communications, LLC (“XR”) (d/b/a Vivato Technologies) filed a patent infringement lawsuit against the Company in the Central District of California (XR Communications, LLC, dba Vivato Technologies v. Extreme Networks, Inc., No. 2:17-cv-2953-AG).  The operative Second Amended Complaint asserts infringement of U.S. Patent Nos. 7,062,296, 7,729,728, and 6,611,231 based on the Company’s manufacture, use, sale, offer for sale, and/or importation into the United States of certain access points and routers supporting multi-user, multiple-input, multiple-output technology. XR seeks unspecified damages, on-going royalties, pre- and post-judgment interest, and attorneys’ fees (but no injunction).  On July 24, 2017, the Company filed its answer.  In an order dated April 10, 2018, the Court stayed the case pending a resolution by the Patent Trial and Appeal Board of inter partes review petitions filed by several defendants in other XR-related patent lawsuits challenging the validity of the asserted patents.  Given the stay, the Court took off calendar all previously scheduled events (including a Markman hearing and potential trial date), and

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scheduled a status conference on October 22, 2018.  The Company believes the claims are without merit, and intends to defend them vigorously.

DIFF Scale Operation Research, LLC v. Extreme Networks, Inc.

On March 15, 2018, DIFF Scale Operation Research, LLC (“DIFF”) filed a patent infringement lawsuit against the Company in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (DIFF Scale Operation Research, LLC v. Extreme Networks, Inc., No. 18-cv-2324-KBF).  The complaint alleges infringement of seven patents (four expired) generally directed to virtual connection networking, and accuses a variety of products, including: (1) SLX router and switch products, and NetIron and MLX products; (2) Extreme Management Center versions 7.0.9, 7.1.3, 8.0, and 8.1; (3) ExtremeSwitching and Summit Series switches; and (4) ERS 3000 Series, 4000 Series, and 5000 Series switches.  DIFF seeks unspecified and enhanced damages, pre- and post-judgment interest, attorneys’ fees and costs (but no injunction).  The Company believes the claims are without merit, and intends to defend them vigorously.

Be Labs, Inc. v. Extreme Networks, Inc.

On April 25, 2018, Be Labs, Inc. (“Be Labs”) filed a patent infringement lawsuit against the Company in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware (Be Labs, Inc. v. Extreme Networks, Inc., No. 1:18-cv-00626).  The complaint alleges direct and indirect infringement of two patents generally directed to a multimedia wireless distribution system for home or office use, and appears to accuse the Company’s 802.11ac- and 802.11n-compliant ExtremeWireless products.  Be Labs seeks damages, pre- and post-judgment interest, attorneys’ fees, costs, and a permanent injunction.  The Company believes the claims are without merit, and intends to defend them vigorously.

Orckit IP, LLC v. Extreme Networks, Inc., Extreme Networks Ireland Ltd., and Extreme Networks GmbH

On February 1, 2018, Orckit IP, LLC (“Orckit”) filed a patent infringement lawsuit against the Company and our Irish and German subsidiaries in the District Court in Dusseldorf, Germany.  The lawsuit alleges direct and indirect infringement of the German portion of European Patent EP 1 958 364 B1 based on the offer, distribution, use, possession and/or importation into Germany of certain network switches equipped with the ExtremeXOS operating system.  Orckit is seeking injunctive relief, an accounting, and an unspecified declaration of liability for damages and costs of the lawsuit.  On May 3, Extreme Networks GmbH filed a separate nullity action in the Federal Patent Court in Munich, seeking to invalidate the asserted patents, and on May 4, the defendants answered the complaint, denying any infringement and seeking a stay of the action pending the conclusion of the nullity action.  The Company believes the claims are without merit, and intends to defend them vigorously.

Indemnification Obligations

Subject to certain limitations, the Company may be obligated to indemnify its current and former directors, officers and employees. These obligations arise under the terms of its certificate of incorporation, its bylaws, applicable contracts, and applicable law. The obligation to indemnify, where applicable, generally means that the Company is required to pay or reimburse, and in certain circumstances the Company has paid or reimbursed, the individuals' reasonable legal expenses and possibly damages and other liabilities incurred in connection with certain legal matters. For example, the Company currently is paying or reimbursing legal expenses being incurred by certain current and former officers and directors in connection with the shareholder litigation described above.  The Company also procures Directors and Officers insurance to help cover its defense and/or indemnification costs, although its ability to recover such costs through insurance is uncertain.  While it is not possible to estimate the maximum potential amount that could be owed under these indemnification agreements due to the Company’s limited history with prior indemnification claims, indemnification (including defense) costs could, in the future, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded income tax provision of $1.7 million and $1.2 million, respectively.  For the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded income tax provision of $1.8 million and $3.3 million, respectively.

The income tax provisions for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, consisted primarily of taxes on the income of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries as well as tax expense associated with the establishment of a U.S. deferred tax liability for amortizable goodwill resulting from the acquisition of Enterasys Networks, Inc., the Zebra WLAN Business and the Campus Fabric Business. The income tax provisions for both fiscal years were calculated based on the actual results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, and therefore may not reflect the annual effective tax rate.

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The income tax provisions for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 consisted primarily of taxes on the income of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries as well as tax expense associated with the establishment of a U.S. deferred tax liability for amortizable goodwill resulting from the acquisitions referenced above. The income tax provision for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 is offset by a tax benefit of $2.5 million resulting from the reduction of the U.S. Federal tax rate from 35% to 21% applied to our deferred tax liability related to amortizable goodwill as required by the recently enacted U.S. tax legislation discussed below.

On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed and enacted into law H.R. 1, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”), which, except for certain provisions, is effective for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2018. As a fiscal year taxpayer, the Company will not be subject to the majority of the tax law provisions until fiscal year 2019; however, there are certain significant items of impact that will be recognized in fiscal year 2018. Because a change in tax law is accounted for in the period of enactment, the effects of the TCJA, a tax benefit of $2.5 million, have been reflected in the second quarter of fiscal 2018.

The TCJA’s primary change is a reduction in the U.S. Federal statutory corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, including a pro rata reduction from 35% to 28% for the Company in fiscal 2018.  As a result, the Company has recognized a tax benefit in the amount of $2.5 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2018 due to the revaluation of the Company's deferred tax liability related to amortizable goodwill to reflect the lower statutory rate.  Because the U.S. deferred tax assets are offset by a full valuation allowance, the reduction in deferred tax assets for the lower rate was fully offset by a corresponding reduction in valuation allowance resulting in no additional tax provision.

The TCJA moves the U.S. from a global taxation regime to a modified territorial regime.  Under the territorial regime, the company’s foreign earnings will generally not be subject to tax in the US.  As part of transitioning to this new regime, U.S. companies are required to pay tax on historical earnings generated offshore that have not been repatriated to the U.S. (“Transition Tax”).  The Company has estimated as of the second quarter of fiscal 2018, there will be no incremental tax provision relating to the Transition Tax given the Company’s ability to utilize existing tax attributes to offset the impact of the deemed repatriation.

The TCJA makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code, and in certain instances, lacks clarity and is subject to interpretation until additional U.S. Treasury guidance is issued.  On December 22, 2017, the SEC issued guidance under Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“SAB 118”), which allows registrants to record provisional amounts during a one year “measurement period” similar to that used when accounting for business combinations.  However, the measurement period is deemed to have ended earlier when the registrant has obtained, prepared and analyzed the information necessary to finalize its accounting.  During the measurement period, impacts of the law are expected to be recorded at the time a reasonable estimate for all or a portion of the effects can be made, and provisional amounts can be recognized and adjusted as information becomes available, prepared or analyzed. The SAB summarizes a three-step process to be applied at each reporting period to account for and qualitatively disclose: (1) the effects of the change in tax law for which accounting is complete; (2) provisional amounts (or adjustments to provisional amounts) for the effects of the tax law where accounting is not complete, but that a reasonable estimate has been determined; and (3) a reasonable estimate cannot yet be made and therefore taxes are reflected in accordance with law prior to the enactment of the TCJA.

Amounts recorded where accounting is complete in the nine months ended March 31, 2018 principally relate to the reduction in the U.S. federal tax rate to 21 percent, which resulted in the Company reporting an income tax benefit of $2.5 million to remeasure deferred tax liabilities associated with indefinitely lived intangible assets that will reverse at the new 21% rate. Absent this deferred tax liability, the Company is in a net deferred tax asset position that is offset by a full valuation allowance.  Though the impact of the rate change related to net deferred tax assets has a net tax effect of zero, the accounting to determine the gross change in the deferred tax position and the offsetting valuation is not yet complete.  In accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) 118, the estimated income tax impact associated with the Transition Tax of zero represents our best estimate based on interpretation of the U.S. legislation as we are still accumulating data to finalize the underlying calculation. In accordance with SAB 118, estimated income tax impact associated with the Transition Tax is considered provisional and will be finalized prior to the end of the measurement period. The ultimate impact may differ from these provisional amounts, due to, among other things, additional analysis, changes in interpretations and assumptions the Company has made, additional regulatory guidance that may be issued, and actions the Company may take as a result of the TCJA.

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With respect to provisions of the TCJA effective for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2018, the company anticipates several new provisions may potentially impact tax provisions in future periods including limitations on the deductibility of interest expense and certain executive compensation, a minimum tax on certain foreign earnings (i.e., global intangible low-taxed income or “GILTI”), as well as a base-erosion and anti-abuse tax (“BEAT”).  The GILTI provisions require the Company to include in its U.S. income tax return foreign subsidiary earnings in excess of an allowable return on the foreign subsidiary’s tangible assets. Based on initial assessment and interpretation of the new provision, the Company expects that it will be subject to incremental U.S. tax on GILTI income beginning in fiscal 2019. The Company may elect to account for GILTI tax as a component of tax expense in the period in which it is incurred or account for the GILTI tax in the measurement of deferred taxes. The Company is continuing to evaluate this particular provision and therefore has not yet elected a method but will do so once our analysis is complete. The BEAT provisions in the Tax Reform Act eliminate the deduction of certain base-erosion payments made to related foreign corporations, and impose a minimum tax if greater than regular tax.  There is a reasonable amount of uncertainty surrounding the interpretation of this new provision, however, based on initial assessment and a conservative interpretation of the new provision, the Company expects that it will be subject to the incremental U.S. tax on BEAT income beginning in fiscal 2019.

The Company has provided a full valuation allowance against all of its U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets as well as the deferred tax assets in Australia and Brazil. A valuation allowance is determined by assessing both negative and positive evidence to determine whether it is “more likely than not” that the deferred tax assets are recoverable; such assessment is required on a jurisdiction by jurisdiction basis.  The Company's inconsistent earnings in recent periods, including a cumulative loss over the last three years, coupled with its difficulty in forecasting future revenue trends as well as the cyclical nature of its business represent sufficient negative evidence to require a full valuation allowance against its U.S. federal and state net deferred tax assets as well as the above mentioned foreign jurisdictions.  This valuation allowance will be evaluated periodically and can be reversed partially or in whole if business results and the economic environment have sufficiently improved to support realization of some or all of the Company's deferred tax assets.

The acquisition of Enterasys in October 2013 included a U.S. parent company as well as its wholly-owned domestic and foreign subsidiaries. The Company elected to treat this stock acquisition as an asset purchase by filing the required election forms under IRC Sec 338(h)(10).  Additionally, the Company completed asset purchases of the Zebra WLAN Business, the Campus Fabric Business and the Brocade Data Center Business in October 2016, July 2017 and October 2017, respectively.  The Company has estimated the value of the intangible assets from these transactions and is amortizing the amounts over 15 years for tax purposes.  During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, the Company deducted $1.8 million and $5.5 million of tax amortization expense respectively, for each period related to capitalized goodwill resulting from these acquisitions. As of March 31, 2018, the Company recorded a deferred tax liability of $5.3 million related to this goodwill amortization which is not considered a future source of taxable income in evaluating the need for a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets.

The Company had $18.5 million of unrecognized tax benefits as of March 31, 2018.  The future impact of the unrecognized tax benefit of $18.5 million, if recognized, would result in adjustments to deferred tax assets and corresponding adjustments to the valuation allowance. The Company does not anticipate any events to occur during the next twelve months that would reduce the unrealized tax benefit as currently stated in the Company’s balance sheet.

The Company’s policy is to accrue interest and penalties related to the underpayment of income taxes as a component of tax expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

In general, the Company’s U.S. federal income tax returns are subject to examination by tax authorities for fiscal years 2001 forward due to net operating losses and the Company's state income tax returns are subject to examination for fiscal years 2000 forward due to net operating losses. The Company is currently under examination by the state of North Carolina for the fiscal years ended 2014, 2015 and 2016.

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net earnings by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive earnings per share is calculated by dividing net earnings by the weighted average number of common shares used in the basic earnings per share calculation plus the dilutive effect of shares subject to repurchase, options, warrants and unvested restricted stock units.

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The following table presents the calculation of net loss per share of basic and diluted (in thousands, except per share data):

 

The following securities were excluded from the computation of net loss per diluted share of common stock for the periods presented as their effect would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands):

 

The Company uses derivative financial instruments to manage exposures to foreign currency. The Company’s objective for holding derivatives is to use the most effective methods to minimize the impact of these exposures. The Company does not enter into derivatives for speculative or trading purposes. The fair value of the Company’s derivatives in a gain position are recorded in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” and derivatives in a loss position are recorded in “Other accrued liabilities” in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recorded in “Other income (expense), net” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company enters into foreign exchange forward contracts to mitigate the effect of gains and losses generated by foreign currency transactions related to certain operating expenses and re-measurement of certain assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. These derivatives do not qualify as hedges.

As of March 31, 2018, forward foreign currency contracts had a notional principal amount of $6.7 million and an immaterial unrealized gain. These contracts have maturities of less than 90 days. Changes in the fair value of these foreign exchange forward contracts are offset largely by re-measurement of the underlying assets and liabilities. As of March 31, 2017, the Company did not have any derivative instruments outstanding.

Foreign currency transactions gains and losses from operations was a loss of $0.3 million and a gain of $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Foreign currency transactions gains and losses from operations was a loss of $1.5 million and a gain of less than $0.1 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The Company operates in one segment, the development and marketing of network infrastructure equipment. The Company conducts business globally and is managed geographically. Revenue is attributed to a geographical area based on the location of its customers. The Company operates in three geographical areas: Americas, which includes the United States, Canada, Mexico, Central America and South America; EMEA, which includes Europe, Russia, Middle East and Africa; and APAC which includes Asia Pacific, South Asia, India, Australia and Japan.

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The Company attributes revenues to geographic regions and channels based on the customer's ship-to location as follows (in thousands): 

 

The Company’s long-lived assets are attributed to the geographic regions as follows (in thousands):

 

14.Subsequent Event

On May 1, 2018, the Company terminated the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated October 28, 2016, by and among the Company, as borrower, Silicon Valley Bank, as administrative agent, and the financial institutions that were a party thereto as lenders.

On May 1, 2018, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement (the “New Credit Agreement”), by and among the Company, as borrower, BMO Harris Bank N.A., as an issuing lender and swingline lender, Bank of Montreal, as administrative and collateral agent, and the financial institutions or entities that are a party thereto as lenders.  The New Credit Agreement provides for a $40 million five-year revolving credit facility (the “New Revolver”) and a $190 million five-year term loan (the “New Term Loan” and together with the New Revolver, the “New Senior Secured Credit Facilities”). On May 1, 2018, the Company borrowed $200 million under the New Senior Secured Credit Facilities in order to pay off the existing debt, as noted above and for general corporate purposes.

Borrowings under the New Senior Secured Credit Facilities will bear interest, at the Company’s election, as of May 1, 2018, at a rate per annum equal to LIBOR plus 1.50% to 2.75%, or the adjusted base rate plus 0.50% to 1.75%, based on the Company’s Consolidated Leverage Ratio. In addition, the Company is required to pay a commitment fee of between 0.25% and 0.40% quarterly (currently 0.35%) on the unused portion of the New Revolver, also based on the Company’s Consolidated Leverage Ratio. Principal installments are payable on the New Term Loan in varying percentages quarterly starting June 30, 2018 and to the extent not

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previously paid, all outstanding balances are to be paid at maturity. The New Senior Secured Credit Facilities are secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets.

Financial covenants under the New Credit Agreement require the Company to maintain a minimum consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.25:1.00 at the end of each fiscal quarter. In addition, the Company’s Consolidated Leverage Ratio shall not be greater than (i) 3.00:1.00 at the end of the fiscal quarters ending March 31, 2018 through September 30, 2019, (ii) 2.75:1.00 at the end of the fiscal quarters ending December 31, 2019 through March 31, 2021, and (iii) 2.50:1.00 at the end of the fiscal quarters ending June 30, 2021 and thereafter. The New Credit Agreement also includes covenants and restrictions that limit, among other things, the Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, create liens upon any of its property, merge, consolidate or sell all or substantially all of its assets.

The New Credit Agreement also includes customary events of default, including failure to pay principal, interest or fees when due, failure to comply with covenants, the material breach of any of representations and warranties, certain insolvency or receivership events affecting the Company and its subsidiaries, the occurrence of certain material judgments, the occurrence of certain ERISA events, the invalidity of the loan documents or a change in control of the Company. The amounts outstanding under the New Senior Secured Credit Facilities may be accelerated upon certain events of default.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q, including the following sections, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including in particular, our expectations regarding market demands, customer requirements and the general economic environment, future results of operations, and other statements that include words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue” and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. We caution investors that actual results may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of certain risk factors identified in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the third quarter of fiscal nine months ended March 31, 2017, our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017, and other filings we have made with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These risk factors, include, but are not limited to: fluctuations in demand for our products and services; a highly competitive business environment for network switching equipment; our effectiveness in controlling expenses; the possibility that we might experience delays in the development or introduction of new technology and products; customer response to our new technology and products; fluctuations in the global economy; risks related to pending or future litigation; a dependency on third parties for certain components and for the manufacturing of our products and our ability to receive the anticipated benefits of acquired businesses..

Business Overview

Extreme Networks, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “Extreme” and as “we”, “us” and “our”) is a leader in providing software-driven networking solutions for enterprise customers. Providing a combined end-to-end solution from the data center to the access point, Extreme designs, develops and manufactures wired and wireless network infrastructure equipment and develops the software for network management, policy, analytics, security and access controls. We strive to help our customers and partners Connect Beyond the Network™ by building world-class software and network infrastructure solutions that solve the wide range of problems faced by information technology (“IT”) departments.

Enterprise network administrators from the data center to the access layer need to respond to the rapid digital transformational trends of cloud, mobility, big data, social business and the ever-present need for network security.  Accelerators such as Internet of Things (“IoT”), artificial intelligence (“AI”), bring your own device (“BYOD”), machine learning, cognitive computing, and robotics add complexity to challenge the capabilities of traditional networks. Technology advances have a profound effect across the entire enterprise network by placing unprecedented demands on network administrators to enhance management capabilities, scalability, programmability, agility, and analytics of the enterprise networks they manage.

We believe that understanding the following key developments is helpful to an understanding of our operating results for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2018.

Industry Developments

The networking industry appears to be invigorated by a wave of technological change:

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We seek to differentiate ourselves in the market by delivering a value proposition based on a software-driven approach to network management, control and analytics.

Our key points of differentiation include:

Extreme sells products primarily through an ecosystem of channel partners which combine our Ethernet, wireless and management and software analytics products with their vertical-specific offerings to create IT solutions for end user customers.

Acquisitions  

Campus Fabric Business

We completed the acquisition of Avaya Inc’s. (“Avaya”) fabric-based secure networking solutions and network security solutions business (the “Campus Fabric Business”) on July 14, 2017 (“Campus Fabric Business Closing Date”) pursuant to the Campus Fabric Business Purchase Agreement dated March 7, 2017 between Avaya and Extreme Networks.  We acquired customers, employees, technology and other assets, as well as assumed contracts and other liabilities of the Campus Fabric Business, for purchase consideration of $79.8 million, including all adjustments.  See Note 2. Business Combination for additional information.

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The business combination was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting whereby the acquired assets and liabilities of the Campus Fabric Business are recorded at their respective fair values and added to those of ours including an amount for goodwill representing the difference between the acquisition consideration and the fair value of the identifiable net assets.  Results of operations of the Campus Fabric Business are included in our operations beginning with the Campus Fabric Business Closing Date.

During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, we recognized acquisition and integration costs of $4.4 million and $13.9 million, respectively, related to the Campus Fabric Business which is included in “Acquisition and integration costs, net of bargain purchase gain” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.     

Data Center Business

We completed our acquisition of the data center business (the “Data Center Business”) of Brocade Communication Systems, Inc.’s (“Brocade”) on October 27, 2017 (“Data Center Business Closing Date”) dated as of October 3, 2017.  Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Data Center Business Asset Purchase Agreement (“Data Center Business APA”), we acquired customers, employees, technology and other assets of the Data Center Business, as well as assumed certain contracts and other liabilities of the Data Center Business, for an upfront cash closing payment equal to $23.0 million, plus deferred payments of $20.0 million to be paid $1.0 million per quarter for 20 full quarters following the Data Center Business Closing Date, plus quarterly earn out payments equal to 50% of profits of the Data Center Business for the five-year period commencing at the end of our first full fiscal quarter following the Data Center Business Closing Date.  See Note 2. Business Combination for additional information.

The acquisition was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting whereby the acquired assets and liabilities of the Data Center Business are recorded at their respective fair values and added to those of ours including an amount for goodwill representing the difference between the acquisition consideration and the fair value of the identifiable net assets.  Results of operations of the Data Center Business are included in our operations beginning with the Data Center Business Closing Date.

During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, we recognized acquisition costs of $5.0 million and $38.8 million, respectively, including a $25.0 million consent fee paid to Broadcom Corporation (“Broadcom”), to terminate a previous asset purchase agreement entered into by the Company to purchase the Data Center Business from Broadcom, in anticipation of Broadcom’s acquisition of Brocade. The fee was paid to Broadcom to allow the Company to buy the Data Center Business directly from Brocade. Acquisitions costs are included in “Acquisition and integration costs, net of bargain purchase gain” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Key Financial Metrics

During the third quarter of fiscal 2018, we reflected the following results:

 Net Revenues

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The following table presents net product and service revenue for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):

Product revenue increased $92.2 million or 82.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the corresponding period of fiscal 2017. The increase in product revenues was attributable to growth related to the acquisitions of the Campus Fabric and the Data Center Businesses and to a lesser extent, organic growth of legacy revenues.

Product revenue increased $223.7 million or 70.0% for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the corresponding period of fiscal 2017. The increase in product revenues was attributable to growth related to the acquisitions of the WLAN, the Campus Fabric and the Data Center Businesses and to a lesser extent, organic growth of legacy revenues.

Service revenue increased $20.6 million, or 54.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the corresponding period of fiscal 2017. The increase in service revenue was due to the increased number of service contracts acquired as a result of the acquisitions of the Campus Fabric and the Data Center Businesses.

Service revenue increased $53.0 million or 48.7% for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the corresponding period of fiscal 2017. The increase in service revenue was due to the increased number of service contracts acquired as a result of the acquisitions of the WLAN, the Campus Fabric and the Data Center Businesses.

The following table presents the product and service, gross profit and the respective gross profit percentages for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):

Product gross profit increased $50.0 million or 84.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the corresponding period in fiscal 2017, primarily due to higher revenues attributed to the acquisitions of the Campus Fabric and Data Center Businesses and to lower production costs due to cost reduction efforts, partially offset by increases in amortization of developed technology intangibles of $3.7 million, warranty charges of $2.1 million and acquisition and integration related costs of $1.7 million.

Product gross profit increased $129.8 million or 81.0% for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the corresponding period of fiscal 2017, primarily due to higher revenues attributed to the acquisitions of the WLAN, the Campus Fabric and the Data Center Businesses and lower production costs due to cost reduction efforts. The increases in product gross profit were partially offset by increases in amortization of developed technology intangibles of $5.1 million, warranty charges of $4.8 million, royalty charges of $2.1 million and acquisition and integration related costs of $2.1 million including excess inventory charges related to the discontinuance of certain product lines due to the acquisitions of the Campus Fabric and the Data Center Businesses as opposed to the same charges incurred related to the acquisition of the WLAN Business in the corresponding period in fiscal 2017.

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Service gross profit increased $10.2 million and $26.2 million or 42.9% and 38.5% for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the corresponding period in fiscal 2017, primarily due to the acquisitions of the WLAN, Campus Fabric and Data Center Businesses as a result of a higher number of maintenance contracts.

Operating Expenses

The following table presents operating expenses for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel costs (which consists of compensation, benefits and stock-based compensation), consultant fees and prototype expenses related to the design, development, and testing of our products.

Research and development expenses increased by $26.2 million or 106.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the corresponding period of fiscal 2017.  The increase in research and development expenses was due to higher personnel costs of $19.7 million due to increased headcount related to the acquisitions of the Campus Fabric and Data Center Businesses, $3.4 million in increased facility and information technology costs, $2.8 million in increased supplies and equipment costs and $0.3 million in increased travel and other costs.

Research and development expenses increased by $64.1 million or 95.7% for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the corresponding period of fiscal 2017.  The increase in research and development expenses was due to higher personnel costs of $49.8 million due to increased headcount related to the acquisitions of the WLAN, Campus Fabric and Data Center Businesses, $8.7 million in increased facility and information technology costs, $4.6 million in increased supplies and equipment costs and $1.0 million in increased travel and other costs.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel costs (which consists of compensation, benefits and stock-based compensation), as well as trade shows and promotional expenses.

Sales and marketing expenses increased by $33.5 million or 86.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the corresponding period of fiscal 2017 primarily as a result of the acquisitions of the Campus Fabric and Data Center Businesses.  The increase consisted of higher personnel costs of $25.1 million, $4.0 million in increased travel, meeting and conference costs, $1.9 million in increased facility and information technology costs, $1.4 million in additional professional fees and $0.9 million in supplies and equipment costs.

Sales and marketing expenses increased by $76.8 million or 65.8% for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the corresponding period of fiscal 2017 primarily as a result of the acquisitions of the WLAN, Campus Fabric and Data Center Businesses.  The increase consisted of higher personnel costs of $55.9 million, $10.7 million in increased travel, meeting and conference costs, $5.3 million in increased facility and information technology costs, $3.6 million in additional professional fees and $1.3 million in supplies and equipment costs.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expense consists primarily of personnel costs (which consists of compensation, benefits and stock-based compensation), legal and professional service costs, travel and facilities and information technology costs.

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General and administrative expenses increased by $2.1 million or 21.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the corresponding period of fiscal 2017 primarily due to $2.3 million in higher personnel costs, $1.0 million in higher professional fees, $0.3 million in higher bad debts provision, partially offset by a change of $1.3 million in fair value of contingent consideration obligations and $0.2 million in reduced facility and information technology costs.

General and administrative expenses increased by $8.3 million or 30.3% for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the corresponding period of fiscal 2017 primarily due to $6.0 million in higher personnel costs, $2.2 million in higher professional fees and $1.4 million in higher bad debts provision, partially offset by a change of $1.3 million in fair value of contingent consideration obligations.

Acquisition and Integration Costs, Net of Bargain Purchase Gain

During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we recorded $9.3 million and $3.4 million, respectively, of acquisition and integration costs.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, we incurred $3.1 million of acquisition and $1.3 million of integration costs related to the acquisition of the Campus Fabric Business and $3.5 million of acquisition and $1.5 million of integration costs related to the acquisition of the Data Center Business.

Expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2017 consisted primarily of legal and accounting services associated with the acquisition of the WLAN Business.

During the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we recorded $47.7 million and $9.9 million, respectively, of acquisition and integration costs.

For the nine months ended March 31, 2018, we incurred $9.0 million of acquisition and $4.9 million of integration costs related to the acquisition of the Campus Fabric Business and $35.1 million of acquisition and $3.7 million of integration costs related to the acquisition of the Data Center Business. The Data Center Business acquisition costs includes a $25.0 million consent fee paid to Broadcom, to terminate a previous asset purchase agreement entered into by the Company to purchase the Data Center Business from Broadcom, in anticipation of Broadcom’s acquisition of Brocade. The fee was paid to Broadcom to allow the Company to buy the Data Center Business directly from Brocade. We also recorded a gain on bargain purchase of $5.0 million related to the acquisition of the Capital Financing business.

Expenses for the nine months ended March 31, 2017 consisted of acquisition and integration costs associated with the acquisition of the WLAN Business of $7.6 million, acquisition costs associated with the acquisition of the Campus Fabric Business of $1.3 million and acquisition costs associated with the acquisition of the Data Center Business of $1.0 million.

Restructuring and Related Charges, Net of Reversals

For the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, we recorded restructuring charges of $4.9 million related to a reduction in force.  The charges are comprised of employee severance and benefits expenses.

During the three months ended March 31, 2017, we incurred $7.7 million in restructuring and other charges.  The significant charges during the quarter were related to a reduction in force totaling $5.3 million.  Additionally, we entered into an agreement to sublease our Rio Robles site in San Jose, California during the third quarter of fiscal 2017. The sublease is for the remaining duration of the lease. The sublease resulted in adjustments to the prior estimates for the amount of sublease payments, timing of sublease activities and real estate commissions associated with the sublease.   The adjustments to sub-lease income to be received related to the future obligations for non-cancelable lease payments in the amount of $1.5 million and accelerated depreciation of leasehold improvements and fixed assets in the amount of $0.9 million.

During the nine months ended March 31, 2017, we incurred $9.6 million in restructuring and other charges.  The significant charges during the period was related to a reduction in force totaling $5.3 million.  Additionally, there were adjustments to estimated sub-lease income to be received related to the future obligations for non-cancelable lease payments in the amount of $1.7 million and accelerated depreciation of leasehold improvements and fixed assets in the amount of $2.6 million.

 

Amortization of Intangibles

During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we recorded $2.1 million and $1.2 million, respectively, of amortization expense as operating expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.  The increase was mainly due to additional amortization related to the acquired intangibles from the Campus Fabric and the Data Center Businesses, partially offset by the acquired intangibles from the Enterasys acquisition becoming fully amortized.

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During the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we recorded $6.5 million and $7.5 million, respectively of amortization expense as operating expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.  The reduction was due to the acquired intangibles from the Enterasys acquisition becoming fully amortized, partially offset by additional amortization related to the acquired intangibles from the WLAN, Campus Fabric and Data Center Businesses.

Interest Expense

During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we recorded $4.0 million and $1.2 million, respectively, in interest expense.  The increase in interest expense was primarily in connection with the increased balance of our Credit Facility due to the acquisitions of the Campus Fabric Business and the Data Center Business and accretion of interest expense of $1.4 million associated with the Data Center Business contingent consideration obligation.

During the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we recorded $8.8 million and $3.0 million, respectively, in interest expense.  The increase in interest expense was primarily in connection with the increased balance of our Credit Facility due to the acquisitions of the WLAN, the Campus Fabric and the Data Center Businesses and accretion of interest expense of $1.4 million associated with the Data Center Business contingent consideration obligation.

Other Income (Expense), Net

During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we recorded expense of $0.4 million and income of $0.3 million, respectively, in other income (expense), net. The change was primarily due to foreign exchange gains and losses from the revaluation of certain assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies into U.S. Dollars.

During the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we recorded income of 2.1 million and $0.6 million, respectively, in other income (expense), net. The income for fiscal 2018 period was primarily driven by a gain of $3.8 million due to the sale of non-marketable equity investment, partially offset by foreign exchange losses.  The income for fiscal 2017 period was primarily due to foreign exchange gains from the revaluation of certain assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies into U.S. Dollars.

Provision for Income Taxes

For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we recorded an income tax provision of $1.7 million and $1.2 million, respectively, which consisted primarily of taxes on the income of our foreign subsidiaries as well as tax expense associated with the establishment of a U.S. deferred tax liability for amortizable goodwill resulting from the acquisition of Enterasys, the WLAN Business and the Campus Fabric Business.  The income tax provisions for both fiscal years were calculated based on the actual results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, and therefore may not reflect the annual effective tax rate.

For the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we recorded an income tax provision of $1.8 million and $3.3 million, respectively, which consisted primarily of taxes on the income of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries as well as tax expense associated with the establishment of a U.S. deferred tax liability for amortizable goodwill resulting from the acquisitions referenced above.  The tax provision for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 is offset by a tax benefit resulting from the reduction of the U.S. Federal tax rate from 35% to 21% applied to our deferred tax liability related to amortizable goodwill as required by the recently enacted U.S. tax legislation discussed in Note 10 of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed and enacted into law H.R. 1, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”), which, except for certain provisions, is effective for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2018. As a fiscal year taxpayer, we will not be subject to the majority of the tax law provisions until fiscal year 2019; however, there are certain significant items of impact that will be recognized in fiscal year 2018. Because a change in tax law is accounted for in the period of enactment, the effects of the TCJA, a tax benefit of $2.5 million, have been reflected in the second quarter of fiscal 2018. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements includes a detailed discussion of the various provisions of the new U.S. tax legislation.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this report are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. In many instances, we could have reasonably used different accounting estimates, and in other instances changes in the accounting estimates are reasonably likely to occur from period to period. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from the estimates made by our management. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will be affected.

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As discussed in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2017, we consider the following accounting policies to be the most critical in understanding the judgments that are involved in preparing our consolidated financial statements:

The following critical accounting policies are the only change since the filing of our last Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Revenue Recognition

We account for revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which we adopted on July 1, 2017, using the full retrospective method.  The adoption of this ASC, which we opted to early adopt pursuant to the guidance, requires us, among other things to restate prior periods to conform to current presentation and the adoption of ASC 606 is considered an accounting change. Under ASC 606 revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services and is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for such goods or services.

We derive the majority of our revenue from sales of our networking equipment, with the remaining revenue generated from service fees relating to maintenance contracts, professional services, and training for our products. We sell our products and maintenance contracts to partners in two distribution channels, or tiers. The first tier consists of a limited number of independent distributors that stock our products and sell primarily to resellers.  The second tier of the distribution channel consists of a non-stocking distributors and value-added resellers that sell directly to end-users.  Products and services may be sold separately or in bundled packages.  

We consider customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master sales agreements, to be the contracts with a customer. For each contract, we consider the promise to transfer products, each of which are distinct, to be the identified performance obligations. In determining the transaction price we evaluate whether the price is subject to refund or adjustment to determine the net consideration to which we expect to be entitled.

For all of our sales and distribution channels, revenue is recognized when control of the product is transferred to the customer (i.e. when our performance obligation is satisfied), which typically occurs at shipment for product sales.  For product sales to our value-added resellers, non-stocking distributors and end-user customers, we generally do not grant return privileges, except for defective products during the warranty period.  Sales incentives and other programs that we may make available to these customers are considered to be a form of variable consideration and we maintain estimated accruals and allowances using the expected value method.  

Sales to stocking distributors are made under terms allowing certain price adjustments and limited rights of return (known as “stock rotation”) of the Company’s products held in their inventory. Revenue from sales to distributors is recognized upon the transfer of control to the distributor. Frequently, distributors need to sell at a price lower than the contractual distribution price in order to win business, and submits rebate requests for Company pre-approval prior to selling the product through at the discounted price. At the time the distributor invoices its customer or soon thereafter, the distributor submits a rebate claim to the Company to adjust the distributor’s cost from the contractual price to the pre-approved lower price. After the Company verifies that the claim was pre-approved, a credit memo is issued to the distributor for the rebate claim. In determining the transaction price, the Company considers these rebate adjustments to be variable consideration. Such price adjustments are estimated using the expected value method based on an analysis of actual claims at the distributor level over a period of time considered adequate to account for current pricing and business trends. Stock rotation rights grant the distributor the ability to return certain specified amounts of inventory. Stock rotation adjustments are an additional form of variable consideration and are also estimated using the expected value method based on historical return rates. There were no material changes in the current period to the estimated variable consideration for performance obligations which were satisfied or partially satisfied during previous periods. For additional information, see Note 3, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

Business Combinations

We apply the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. Under this method of accounting, all assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their respective fair values at the date of the completion of the transaction. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management’s judgment and often involves the use of significant estimates

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and assumptions, including assumptions with respect to future cash inflows and outflows, discount rates, intangibles and other asset lives, among other items. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (an exit price). Market participants are assumed to be buyers and sellers in the principal (most advantageous) market for the asset or liability. Additionally, fair value measurements for an asset assume the highest and best use of that asset by market participants. As a result, we may have been required to value the acquired assets at fair value measures that do not reflect its intended use of those assets. Use of different estimates and judgments could yield different results. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired is recognized as goodwill. If the fair value of net assets acquired exceeds the fair value of purchase price, a gain on bargain purchase is recognized in the statements of operations. Although we believe the assumptions and estimates we have made are reasonable and appropriate, they are based in part on historical experience and information that may be obtained from the management of the acquired company and are inherently uncertain. Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that may affect the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to our consolidated statements of operations.

New Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 4 of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for a full description of new accounting pronouncements, including the respective expected dates of adoption and effects on results of operations and financial condition.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following summarizes information regarding our cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and working capital (in thousands):

 

As of March 31, 2018, our principal sources of liquidity consisted of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $105.3 million, accounts receivable, net of $188.4 million and availability of borrowings from the five-year revolving credit facility (“Revolver”) of $48.8 million. Our principal uses of cash will purchase of finished goods inventory from our contract manufacturers, payroll, restructuring expenses and other operating expenses related to the development, marketing of our products, purchases of property and equipment and include repayments of debt and related interest. We believe that our $105.3 million of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities at March 31, 2018 and the availability of borrowings from the Revolver will be sufficient to fund our principal uses of cash for at least the next 12 months.

On July 14, 2017, in connection with the closing of the acquisition of the Campus Fabric Business, we entered into the Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (“Second Amendment”), which amends the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of October 28, 2016 (as amended, the “Credit Facility”), by and among us, as borrower, Silicon Valley Bank, as administrative agent and collateral agent, and Lenders. Among other things, the Second Amendment (i) increased the amount of the available borrowing under the Credit Facility from $140.5 million to $243.7 million, consisted of (a) the five-year term loan (“Term Loan”) facilities in a principal amount of up to $183.7 million and (b) the Revolver  in a principal amount of up to $60.0 million, (ii) extends the maturity date under the existing Term Loan and the termination date under the existing Revolver until July 2022, (iii) provides for an uncommitted additional incremental loan facility in a principal amount of up to $50.0 million (“Incremental Facility”), and (iv) joins certain additional banks, financial institutions and institutional lenders as Lenders pursuant to the terms of the Credit Facility.  On July 14, 2017, we borrowed $80.0 million under the Term Loan which was used to fund the purchase of Campus Fabric Business.  

On October 26, 2017, we entered into the Third Amendment to the Credit Facility (the “Third Amendment”).  Among other things, the Third Amendment (i) amends the negative covenant governing dispositions to increase the general dispositions basket for our fiscal year ending June 30, 2018, and (ii) amends certain definitions and provisions to update certain references to the Data Center Business APA.  On October 27, 2017, we borrowed $20.0 million on the Term Loan to partially fund the acquisition of the Data Center Business.

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Borrowings under the Term Loan bear interest, at our option, at a rate equal to either the LIBOR rate (subject to a 0.0% LIBOR floor), plus an applicable margin (currently 3.25% per annum) or the adjusted base rate, plus an applicable margin (currently 1.25% per annum).  Borrowings under the Revolver bear interest, at our option, at a rate equal to either the LIBOR rate, plus an applicable margin (currently 3.25% per annum) or the adjusted base rate, plus an applicable margin (currently 1.25% per annum based).  The Revolver has a commitment fee payable on the undrawn amount ranging from 0.375% to 0.50% per annum.

If not repaid earlier, the borrowings on the Revolver shall be repaid on the termination date. The Credit Facility is secured by substantially all of our assets and is jointly and severally guaranteed by us and certain of our subsidiaries.

The Credit Facility contains financial covenants that require us to maintain a minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio and a Consolidated Quick Ratio and a maximum Consolidated Leverage Ratio as well as several other financial and non-financial covenants and restrictions that limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness, create liens upon any of our property, merge, consolidate or sell all or substantially all of our assets, etc.  These covenants, are subject to certain exceptions.  At March 31, 2018, we were in compliance with the covenants of the Credit Facility and they are not expected to impact our liquidity or capital resources.

On May 1, 2018, we terminated the Credit Facility and entered into a Credit Agreement (the “New Credit Agreement”), by and among the Company, as borrower, BMO Harris Bank N.A., as an issuing lender and swingline lender, Bank of Montreal, as administrative and collateral agent, and the financial institutions or entities that are a party thereto as lenders.  The New Credit Agreement provides for a $40 million five-year revolving credit facility (the “New Revolver”) and a $190 million five-year term loan (the “New Term Loan” and together with the New Revolver, the “New Senior Secured Credit Facilities”). On May 1, 2018, we borrowed $200 million under the New Senior Secured Credit Facilities in order to pay off the existing debt, as noted above and for general corporate purposes.

See Note 14 (Subsequent Events) to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more information on the New Credit Agreement.

Key Components of Cash Flows and Liquidity

A summary of the sources and uses of cash and cash equivalents is as follows (in thousands):

Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Operating Activities

Cash flows used in operations in the nine months ended March 31, 2018 were $1.7 million, including net loss of $41.2 million and non-cash expenses of $46.2 million for items such as amortization of intangibles, stock-based compensation, depreciation, deferred income taxes, gain on bargain purchase and gain on sale of non-marketable equity investment as well as increases in accounts receivables, prepaid expenses and decreases in accrued compensation and benefits. This was partially offset by a decrease in inventories and increases in accounts payable, deferred revenue and other current and long-term liabilities.

Cash flows provided by operations in the nine months ended March 31, 2017 were $44.0 million including net loss of $14.9 million and non-cash expenses of $35.4 million for items such as amortization of intangibles, stock-based compensation expense and depreciation as well as decreases in accounts receivable, inventories, prepaid expenses and other assets and increases in accounts payable and other current and long-term liabilities.  This was partially offset by decreases in deferred revenue and accrued compensation and benefits.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

Cash flows used in investing activities in the nine months ended March 31, 2018 were $114.7 million which consisted of expenditures for acquisitions of $97.6 million consisting of $69.6 million for the acquisition of the Campus Fabric Business and $29.5 million for the acquisition of the Data Center Business, less receipt of $1.6 million as final settlement of a working capital adjustment related to the WLAN Business acquisition, purchases of property and equipment of $22.0 million and proceeds of $4.9 million related to the sale of non-marketable equity investment.

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Cash flows used in investing activities in the nine months ended March 31, 2017 were $69.2 million which consisted of expenditures of $51.1 million for the WLAN Business acquisition, $10.2 million in deposits in conjunction with the acquisition of the Campus Fabric Business and $7.8 million of purchases of property and equipment.

Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities

Cash flows provided by financing activities in the nine months ended March 31, 2018 were $89.2 million, including new borrowings of $100.0 million to fund our acquisitions of the Campus Fabric Business and the Data Center Business, $4.7 million proceeds from issuance of shares of our common stock under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) and the exercise of stock options, net of taxes paid on vested and released stock awards, partially offset by repayments of debt totaling $13.3 million and $1.5 million of loan fees incurred in connection with the Second Amendment of our Credit Facility.

Cash flows provided by financing activities in the nine months ended March 31, 2017 were $48.3 million which consisted of new borrowings of $48.3 million under our Credit Facility, $9.2 million proceeds from the issuance of shares of our common stock under our ESPP and the exercise of stock options, net of taxes paid on vested and released stock awards, offset by repayment of debt totaling $7.8 million and $1.3 million of loan fees incurred in connection with the Credit Facility.

Foreign Currency Effect on Cash

Foreign currency effect on cash increased in the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, primarily due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates between the U.S. Dollar and particularly the Brazilian Real, British Pound, Indian Rupee and the EURO.

Contractual Obligations

The following summarizes our contractual obligations as of March 31, 2018, and the effect such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in future periods (in thousands):

Non-cancelable inventory purchase commitments represent the purchase of long lead-time component inventory that our contract manufacturers procure in accordance with our forecast. Inventory purchase commitments were $151.5 million as of March 31, 2018. We expect to honor the inventory purchase commitments within the next 12 months.

Non-cancelable purchase commitments represent future payments for software and support used in our products.

Non-cancelable operating lease obligations represent base rents and operating expense obligations to landlords for facilities we occupy at various locations.

Deferred payments for the acquisition of the Data Center Business represent a $1.0 million per quarter for our next twenty full fiscal quarters following the acquisition date of October 27, 2017.

Contingent consideration for acquisitions of the Data Center Business and the Capital Financing Business is recorded at fair value and actual results could be different.

Other liabilities include our commitments towards debt related fees and specific arrangements other than inventory.

The amounts in the table above exclude immaterial income tax liabilities related to uncertain tax positions as we are unable to reasonably estimate the timing of settlement.

We did not have any material commitments for capital expenditures as of March 31, 2018.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of March 31, 2018.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest Rate Sensitivity

The following table presents the amounts of our cash equivalents that are subject to market risk by range of expected maturity and weighted-average interest rates as of March 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands).

The following tables present hypothetical changes in fair value of the financial instruments held at March 31, 2018, that are sensitive to changes in interest rates (in thousands):

Debt

At certain points in time we are exposed to the impact of interest rate fluctuations, primarily in the form of variable rate borrowings from our credit facility.

At certain points in time we are exposed to the impact of interest rate fluctuations, primarily in the form of variable rate borrowings from the Second Amendment to our Credit Facility.  Our debt and Credit Facilities, are fully described in the Note 3 of our Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our annual report on Form 10-K.  At March 31, 2018, we had $178.7 million of debt outstanding, all of which was from our Credit Facilities.  Through the third quarter of fiscal 2018, the average daily outstanding amount was $184.9 million with a high of $185.0 million and a low of $180.4 million. 

The following table presents hypothetical changes in interest expense for the quarter ended March 31, 2018, on outstanding credit facility borrowings as of March 31, 2018, that are sensitive to changes in interest rates (in thousands):

 

 

Exchange Rate Sensitivity

A majority of our sales and expenses are denominated in United States Dollars. While we conduct some sales transactions and incur certain operating expenses in foreign currencies and expect to continue to do so, we do not anticipate that foreign exchange gains or losses will be significant, in part because of our foreign exchange risk management process discussed below.

Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts

We record all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognized in earnings as Other expense, net. From time to time, we enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to mitigate the effect of gains and losses generated by the foreign currency forecast transactions related to certain operating expenses and re-measurement of certain assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. These derivatives do not qualify as hedges. Changes in the fair value of these foreign

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exchange forward contracts are offset largely by re-measurement of the underlying assets and liabilities. At March 31, 2018, we had $6.7 million notional of forward foreign currency contracts outstanding.

Foreign currency transaction gains and losses from operations was a loss of $0.3 million and gain of $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses from operations was a loss of $1.5 million and a gain of $0.0 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

 

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and procedures designed to reasonably assure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended, such as this Report, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and to reasonably assure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and the Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and CFO, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Report. Based on this evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a – 15(f) and 15(d) – 15(f) during the March 31, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We implemented internal controls to ensure we adequately evaluated our contracts and properly assessed the impact of the new accounting standards related to revenue recognition to facilitate its adoption on July 1, 2017. There were no significant changes to our internal control over financial reporting due to the adoption of this new standard.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Our management, including the CEO and CFO, does not expect that our disclosure controls or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Our controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that our control system’s objective will be met and our CEO and CFO have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective at the reasonable assurance level. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within Extreme Networks have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events. Projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of controls in future periods are subject to risks. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures. Notwithstanding these limitations, our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives. Our CEO and CFO have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are, in fact, effective at the “reasonable assurance” level.

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PART II. Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

For information regarding litigation matters required by this item, refer to Part I, Item 3, Legal Proceedings of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017, and Note 9 to our Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report which are incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The following is a list of risks and uncertainties which may have a material and adverse effect on our business, operations, industry, financial condition, results of operations or future financial performance. While we believe we have identified and discussed below the key risk factors affecting our business, there may be additional risks and uncertainties that are not presently known or that are not currently believed to be significant that may adversely affect our business, results of operations, industry, financial position and financial performance in the future

We may not realize anticipated benefits of past or future acquisitions and strategic investments, and the integration of acquired companies or technologies may negatively impact our business and financial results or dilute the ownership interests of our stockholders.

As part of our business strategy, we review acquisition and strategic investment prospects that we believe would complement our current product offerings, augment our market coverage or enhance our technical capabilities, or otherwise offer growth opportunities. In the event of any future acquisitions, we could:

These actions could have a material adverse effect on our operating results or the price of our common stock.

For example, on October 28, 2016, we completed the acquisition of the WLAN Business from Zebra Technologies Corporation and amended the Credit Facility with our lenders to finance the acquisition.  As of March 31, 2018, we had $178.7 million of indebtedness outstanding.

On July 14, 2017, we completed the acquisition of the Campus Fabric Business for a purchase price of $100.0 million subject to certain adjustments set forth in the Campus Fabric Business Purchase Agreement.

On October 27, 2017, the Company completed its acquisition of the Data Center Business. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Data Center Business Asset Purchase Agreement (“Data Center Business APA”), the Company acquired customers, employees, technology and other assets of the Data Center Business, as well as assumed certain contracts and other liabilities of the Data Center Business, for an upfront cash closing payment equal to $23.0 million, plus a deferred payment equal to $20.0 million to be paid $1 million per quarter for 20 quarters following the Closing, plus quarterly earn out payments equal to 50% of profits of the Data Center Business, with certain deductions per the terms of the Data Center Business APA, for the five-year period commencing at the end of our first full fiscal quarter following the Data Center Business Closing Date.  

There can be no assurance that we will achieve the revenues, growth prospects and synergies expected from any acquisition or that we will achieve such revenue, growth prospects and synergies in the anticipated time period and our failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Moreover, even if we do obtain benefits in the form of increased sales and earnings, these benefits may be recognized much later than the time when the expenses associated with an acquisition are incurred. This is particularly relevant in cases where it would be necessary to integrate new types of technology into our existing portfolio and new types of products may be targeted for potential customers with which we do not have pre-existing relationships.

Our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of our acquisitions and investment activities, including the WLAN Business, Campus Fabric Business and Data Center Business, also entail numerous risks, including, but not limited to:

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In addition, we may not be able to successfully integrate any businesses, products, technologies, or personnel that we might acquire in the future, and our failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our credit facilities impose financial and operating restrictions on us.

Our debt instruments, including our credit facility, impose, and the terms of any future debt may impose, operating and other restrictions on us. These restrictions could affect, and in many respects limit or prohibit, among other items, our ability to:

The agreements governing our credit facility also require us to achieve and maintain compliance with specified financial ratios. A breach of any of these restrictive covenants or the inability to comply with the required financial ratios could result in a default under our debt instruments. If any such default occurs, the lenders under our credit agreement may elect to declare all outstanding borrowings, together with accrued interest and other fees, to be immediately due and payable. The lenders under our credit agreement also have the right in these circumstances to terminate any commitments they have to provide further borrowings. If we are unable to repay outstanding borrowings when due, the lenders under our credit agreement will have the right to proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure the debt. If the debt under our credit agreement were to be accelerated, we cannot give assurance that this collateral would be sufficient to repay our debt.

If we fail to meet our payment or other obligations under our credit facility the lenders under such credit facility could foreclose on, and acquire control of, substantially all of our assets.

Our credit facility is jointly and severally guaranteed by us and certain of our subsidiaries. Borrowings under our credit facility are secured by liens on substantially all of our assets, including the capital stock of certain of our subsidiaries, and the assets of our subsidiaries that are loan party guarantors. If we are unable to repay outstanding borrowings when due, the lenders under our credit agreement will have the right to proceed against this pledged capital stock and take control of substantially all of our assets.

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To successfully manage our business or achieve our goals, we must attract, retain, train, motivate, develop and promote key employees, and failure to do so can harm us.

Our success depends to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of our key management, engineering, sales and marketing, service and operations personnel, many of whom would be difficult to replace. We do not have employment contracts with these individuals that mandate that they render services for any specific term, nor do we carry life insurance on any of our key personnel. We have experienced and may in the future experience significant turnover in our executive personnel.  Changes in our management and key employees could affect our financial results, and a recent reduction in force, may impede our ability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel.  We believe our future success will also depend in large part upon our ability to attract and retain highly skilled managerial, engineering, sales and marketing, service, finance and operations personnel.  The market for these personnel is competitive, and we have had difficulty in hiring employees, particularly engineers, in the time-frame we desire.

A number of our employees are foreign nationals who rely on visas and entry permits in order to legally work in the United States and other countries.  In recent years, the United States has increased the level of scrutiny in granting H-1(B), L-1 and other business visas.  In addition, the current U.S. administration has indicated that immigration reform is a priority. Compliance with United States immigration and labor laws could require us to incur additional unexpected labor costs and expenses or could restrain our ability to retain skilled professionals.  Any of these restrictions could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial conditions.

We cannot assure you we will be profitable in the future, and our financial results may fluctuate significantly from period to period.

We have reported losses in each of our four most recent fiscal years. In addition, in years when we reported profits, we were not profitable in each quarter during those years. We anticipate continuing to incur significant sales and marketing, product development and general and administrative expenses. Any delay in generating or recognizing revenue could result in a loss for a quarter or full year. Even if we are profitable, our operating results may fall below our expectations and those of our investors, which could cause the price of our stock to fall.

We may experience challenges or delays in generating or recognizing revenue for a number of reasons and our revenue and operating results have varied significantly in the past and may vary significantly in the future due to a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the following:

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Due to the foregoing and other factors, many of which are described herein, period-to-period comparisons of our operating results should not be relied upon as an indicator of our future performance.

The global economic environment has and may continue to negatively impact our business and operating results.

The challenges and uncertainty currently affecting global economic conditions may negatively impact our business and operating results in the following ways:

If global economic conditions do not show continued improvement, we believe we could experience material adverse impacts to our business and operating results.

We depend upon international sales for a significant portion of our revenue which imposes a number of risks on our business.

International sales constitute a significant portion of our net revenues. Our ability to grow will depend in part on the expansion of international sales. Our international sales primarily depend on the success of our resellers and distributors. The failure of these resellers and distributors to sell our products internationally would limit our ability to sustain and grow our revenue. There are a number of risks arising from our international business, including:

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Any or all of these factors could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Substantially all of our international sales are United States dollar-denominated. The continued strength and future increases in the value of the United States dollar relative to foreign currencies could make our products less competitive in international markets. In the future, we may elect to invoice some of our international customers in local currency, which would expose us to fluctuations in exchange rates between the United States dollar and the particular local currency. If we do so, we may decide to engage in hedging transactions to minimize the risk of such fluctuations.

We have entered into foreign exchange forward contracts to offset the impact of payment of operating expenses in local currencies to some of our operating foreign subsidiaries. However, if we are not successful in managing these foreign currency transactions, we could incur losses from these activities.

Local laws and customs in many countries differ significantly from, or conflict with, those in the United States or in other countries in which we operate. In many foreign countries, it is common for others to engage in business practices that are prohibited by our internal policies and procedures or U.S. regulations applicable to us. Although we have implemented policies, procedures and training designed to ensure compliance with these U.S. and foreign laws and policies, there can be no complete assurance that any individual employee, contractor, channel partner, or agents will not violate our policies and procedures. Violations of laws or key control policies by our employees, contractors, channel partners, or agents could result in termination of our relationship, financial reporting problems, fines, and/or penalties for us, or prohibition on the importation or exportation of our products, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We expect the average selling price of our products to decrease, which is likely to reduce gross margin and/or revenue.

The network equipment industry has traditionally experienced an erosion of average selling prices due to a number of factors, including competitive pricing pressures, promotional pricing and technological progress. We anticipate the average selling prices of our products will decrease in the future in response to competitive pricing pressures, excess inventories, increased sales discounts and new product introductions by us or our competitors. We may experience decreases in future operating results due to the erosion of our average selling prices. To maintain our gross margin, we must develop and introduce on a timely basis new products and product enhancements and continually reduce our product costs. Our failure to do so would likely cause our revenue and gross margin to decline.

We purchase several key components for products from single or limited sources and could lose sales if these suppliers fail to meet our needs.

We currently purchase several key components used in the manufacturing of our products from single or limited sources and are dependent upon supply from these sources to meet our needs. Certain components such as tantalum capacitors, SRAM, DRAM, and printed circuit boards, have been in the past, and may in the future be, in short supply. We have encountered, and are likely in the future to encounter, shortages and delays in obtaining these or other components, and this could have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet customer orders. Our principal sole-source components include:

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Our principal limited-source components include:

We use our forecast of expected demand to determine our material requirements. Lead times for materials and components we order vary significantly, and depend on factors such as the specific supplier, contract terms and demand for a component at a given time. If forecasts exceed orders, we may have excess and/or obsolete inventory, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. If orders exceed forecasts, we may have inadequate supplies of certain materials and components, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet customer delivery requirements and to recognize revenue.

Our top ten suppliers accounted for a significant portion of our purchases during the quarter. Given the significant concentration of our supply chain, particularly with certain sole or limited source providers, any significant interruption by any of the key suppliers or a termination of a relationship could temporarily disrupt our operations.  Additionally, our operations are materially dependent upon the continued market acceptance and quality of these manufacturers’ products and their ability to continue to manufacture products that are competitive and that comply with laws relating to environmental and efficiency standards. Our inability to obtain products from one or more of these suppliers or a decline in market acceptance of these suppliers’ products could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Other than pursuant to an agreement with a key component supplier which includes pricing based on a minimum volume commitment, generally we do not have agreements fixing long-term prices or minimum volume requirements from suppliers. From time to time we have experienced shortages and allocations of certain components, resulting in delays in filling orders. Qualifying new suppliers to compensate for such shortages may be time-consuming and costly and may increase the likelihood of errors in design or production. In addition, during the development of our products, we have experienced delays in the prototyping of our chipsets, which in turn has led to delays in product introductions. Similar delays may occur in the future. Furthermore, the performance of the components from our suppliers as incorporated in our products may not meet the quality requirements of our customers.

Intense competition in the market for networking equipment could prevent us from increasing revenue and attaining profitability.

The market for network switching solutions is intensely competitive and dominated primarily by Cisco Systems Inc., Dell Inc., Hewlett Packard Enterprise Company, Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., Arista Networks, Inc. and Juniper Networks, Inc. Most of our competitors have longer operating histories, greater name recognition, larger customer bases, broader product lines and substantially greater financial, technical, sales, marketing and other resources. As a result, these competitors are able to devote greater resources to the development, promotion, sale and support of their products. In addition, they have larger distribution channels, stronger brand names, access to more customers, a larger installed customer base and a greater ability to make attractive offers to channel partners and customers than we do. Some of our customers may question whether we have the financial resources to complete their projects and future service commitments.

For example, we have encountered, and expect to continue to encounter in the future, many potential customers who are confident in and committed to the product offerings of our principal competitors. Accordingly, these potential customers may not consider or evaluate our products. When such potential customers have considered or evaluated our products, we have in the past lost, and expect in the future to lose, sales to some of these customers as large competitors have offered significant price discounts to secure these sales.

The pricing policies of our competitors impact the overall demand for our products and services. Some of our competitors are capable of operating at significant losses for extended periods of time, increasing pricing pressure on our products and services. If we do not maintain competitive pricing, the demand for our products and services, as well as our market share, may decline. From time to time, we may lower the prices of our products and services in response to competitive pressure. When this happens, if we are unable to reduce our component costs or improve operating efficiencies, our revenue and gross margins will be adversely affected.

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We may not fully realize the anticipated positive impacts to future financial results from our restructuring efforts.

We have undertaken restructuring efforts in the past to streamline operations and reduce operating expenses. Our ability to achieve the anticipated cost savings and other benefits from our restructuring efforts within expected time frames is subject to many estimates and assumptions and may vary materially based on factors such as market conditions and the effect of our restructuring efforts on our work force. These estimates and assumptions are subject to significant economic, competitive and other uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control. We cannot assure that we will fully realize the anticipated positive impacts to future financial results from our current or future restructuring efforts. If our estimates and assumptions are incorrect or if other unforeseen events occur, we may not achieve the cost savings expected from such restructurings, and our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Industry consolidation may lead to stronger competition and may harm our operating results.

There has been a trend toward industry consolidation in our markets for several years. We expect this trend to continue as companies attempt to strengthen or hold their market positions in an evolving industry and as companies are acquired or are unable to continue operations. For example, some of our current and potential competitors for enterprise data center business have made acquisitions or announced new strategic alliances, designed to position them with the ability to provide end-to-end technology solutions for the enterprise data center. Companies that are strategic alliance partners in some areas of our business may acquire or form alliances with our competitors, thereby reducing their business with us. We believe industry consolidation may result in stronger competitors that are better able to compete as sole-source vendors for customers. This could lead to more variability in our operating results and could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. Furthermore, particularly in the service provider market, rapid consolidation will lead to fewer customers, with the effect that loss of a major customer could have a material impact on results not anticipated in a customer marketplace composed of more numerous participants.

We intend to invest in engineering, sales, services, marketing and manufacturing on a long term basis, and delays or inability to attain the expected benefits may result in unfavorable operating results.

While we intend to focus on managing our costs and expenses, over the long term, we also intend to invest in personnel and other resources related to our engineering, sales, services, marketing and manufacturing functions as we focus on our foundational priorities, such as leadership in our core products and solutions and architectures for business transformation. We are likely to recognize the costs associated with these investments earlier than some of the anticipated benefits and the return on these investments may be lower, or may develop more slowly, than we expect. If we do not achieve the benefits anticipated from these investments, or if the achievement of these benefits is delayed, our operating results may be adversely affected.

Our success is dependent on our ability to continually introduce new products and features that achieve broad market acceptance.

The network equipment market is characterized by rapid technological progress, frequent new product introductions, changes in customer requirements and evolving industry standards. If we do not regularly introduce new products in this dynamic environment, our product lines will become obsolete. These new products must be compatible and inter-operate with products and architectures offered by other vendors. We have and may in the future experience delays in product development and releases, and such delays have and could in the future adversely affect our ability to compete and our operating results.

When we announce new products or product enhancements that have the potential to replace or shorten the life cycle of our existing products, customers may defer or cancel orders for our existing products; in addition, ending sales of existing products may cause customers to cancel or defer order for our existing products.  These actions could have a material adverse effect on our operating results by unexpectedly decreasing sales, increasing inventory levels of older products and exposing us to greater risk of product obsolescence.

Even if we introduce new switching products, alternative technologies could achieve widespread market acceptance and displace the Ethernet technology on which we have based our product architecture. For example, developments in routers and routing software could significantly reduce demand for our products. As a result, we may not be able to achieve widespread market acceptance of our current or future products.

If we do not successfully anticipate technological shifts, market needs and opportunities, and develop products, product enhancements and business strategies that meet those technological shifts, needs and opportunities, or if those products are not made available or strategies are not executed in a timely manner or do not gain market acceptance, we may not be able to compete effectively and our ability to generate revenues will suffer.

The markets for our products are constantly evolving and characterized by rapid technological change, frequent product introductions, changes in customer requirements, and continuous pricing pressures. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to

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anticipate future technological shifts, market needs and opportunities or be able to develop new products, product enhancements and business strategies to meet such technological shifts, needs or opportunities in a timely manner or at all. For example, the move from traditional network infrastructures towards SDN has been receiving considerable attention. In our view, it will take several years to see the full impact of SDN, and we believe the successful products and solutions in this market will combine hardware and software elements together.  If we fail to anticipate market requirements or opportunities or fail to develop and introduce new products, product enhancements or business strategies to meet those requirements or opportunities in a timely manner, it could cause us to lose customers, and such failure could substantially decrease or delay market acceptance and sales of our present and future products and services, which would significantly harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Even if we are able to anticipate, develop and commercially introduce new products and enhancements, we cannot assure that new products or enhancements will achieve widespread market acceptance.

Our revenues may decline as a result of changes in public funding of educational institutions.

A portion of our revenues comes from sales to both public and private K-12 educational institutions. Public schools receive funding from local tax revenue, and from state and federal governments through a variety of programs, many of which seek to assist schools located in underprivileged or rural areas. The funding for a portion of our sales to educational institutions comes from a federal funding program known as the E-Rate program. E-Rate is a program of the Federal Communications Commission that subsidizes the purchase of approved telecommunications, Internet access, and internal connection costs for eligible public educational institutions.  The E-Rate program, its eligibility criteria, the timing and specific amount of federal funding actually available and which Wi-Fi infrastructure and product sectors will benefit, are uncertain and subject to final federal program approval and funding appropriation continues to be under review by the Federal Communications Commission, and we cannot assure that this program or its equivalent will continue, and as a result, our business may be harmed. In addition, since the inception of the E-Rate program funding has decreased causing a reduction in demand for our products. Furthermore, if state or local funding of public education is significantly reduced because of legislative or policy changes or by reductions in tax revenues due to changing economic conditions, our sales to educational institutions may be negatively impacted by these changed conditions.  Any reduction in spending on information technology systems by educational institutions would likely materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.  This is a specific example of the many factors which add additional uncertainty to our future revenue from our education end-customers.

The cloud networking market is still in its early stages and is rapidly evolving. If this market does not evolve as we anticipate or our target end customers do not adopt our cloud networking solutions, we may not be able to compete effectively, and our ability to generate revenue will suffer.

The cloud networking market is still in its early stages. The market demand for cloud networking solutions has increased in recent years as end customers have deployed larger networks and have increased the use of virtualization and cloud computing. Our success may be impacted by our ability to provide successful cloud networking solutions that address the needs of our channel partners and end customers more effectively and economically than those of other competitors or existing technologies.  If the cloud networking solutions market does not develop in the way we anticipate, if our solutions do not offer significant benefits compared to competing legacy network switching products or if end customers do not recognize the benefits that our solutions provide, then our potential for growth in this cloud market could be adversely affected.

Claims of infringement by others may increase and the resolution of such claims may adversely affect our operating results.

Our industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and frequent claims and related litigation regarding patents, copyrights (including rights to “open source” software) and other intellectual property rights. As the Company has grown it has, and may continue to, experience greater revenues and increased public visibility, which may cause competitors, customers, and governmental authorities to be more likely to initiate litigation against us. Because of the existence of a large number of patents in the networking field, the secrecy of some pending patents and the issuance of new patents at a rapid pace, it is not possible to determine in advance if a product or component might infringe the patent rights of others. Because of the potential for courts awarding substantial damages, the lack of predictability of such awards and the high legal costs associated with the defense of such patent infringement matters that would be expended to prove lack of infringement, it is not uncommon for companies in our industry to settle even potentially unmeritorious claims for very substantial amounts. Furthermore, the entities with whom we have or could have disputes or discussions include entities with extensive patent portfolios and substantial financial assets. These entities are actively engaged in programs to generate substantial revenue from their patent portfolios and are seeking or may seek significant payments or royalties from us and others in our industry.

Litigation resulting from claims that we are infringing the proprietary rights of others has resulted and could in the future result in substantial costs and a diversion of resources, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We previously received notices from entities alleging that we were infringing their patents and have been party to patent litigation in the past.

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Without regard to the merits of these or any other claims, an adverse court order or a settlement could require us, among other actions, to:

In addition, our products include so-called “open source” software. Open source software is typically licensed for use at no initial charge, but imposes on the user of the open source software certain requirements to license to others both the open source software as well as modifications to the open source software under certain circumstances. Our use of open source software subjects us to certain additional risks for the following reasons:

We believe even if we do not infringe the rights of others, we will incur significant expenses in the future due to defense of legal claims, disputes or licensing negotiations, though the amounts cannot be determined. These expenses may be material or otherwise adversely affect our operating results.

Our operating results may be negatively affected by defending or pursuing claims or lawsuits.

We have in the past, currently are and will likely in the future pursue or be subject to claims or lawsuits in the normal course of our business. In addition to the risks related to the intellectual property lawsuits described above, we are currently parties to other litigation as described in Note 9 to our Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. Regardless of the result, litigation can be expensive, lengthy and disruptive to normal business operations. Moreover, the results of complex legal proceedings are difficult to predict. An unfavorable resolution of a lawsuit in which we are a defendant could result in a court order against us or payments to other parties that would have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. Even if we are successful in prosecuting claims and lawsuits, we may not recover damages sufficient to cover our expenses incurred to manage, investigate and pursue the litigation. In addition, subject to certain limitations, we may be obligated to indemnify our current and former customers, suppliers, directors, officers and employees in certain lawsuits. We may not have adequate insurance coverage to cover all of our litigation costs and liabilities.

If we fail to protect our intellectual property, our business could suffer.

We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws and restrictions on disclosure to protect our intellectual property rights. However, we cannot ensure that the actions we have taken will adequately protect our intellectual property rights or that other parties will not independently develop similar or competing products that do not infringe on our patents. We generally enter into confidentiality, invention assignment or license agreements with our employees, consultants and other third parties with whom we do business, and control access to and distribution of our intellectual property and other proprietary information. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise misappropriate or use our products or technology, which would adversely affect our business.

When our products contain undetected errors, we may incur significant unexpected expenses and could lose sales.

Network products frequently contain undetected errors when new products or new versions or updates of existing products are released to the marketplace. In the past, we have experienced such errors in connection with new products and product updates. We have experienced component problems in prior years that caused us to incur higher than expected warranty, service costs and expenses, and other related operating expenses. In the future, we expect that, from time to time, such errors or component failures will be found in new or existing products after the commencement of commercial shipments. These problems may have a material adverse effect on our business by causing us to incur significant warranty, repair and replacement costs, diverting the attention of our

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engineering personnel from new product development efforts, delaying the recognition of revenue and causing significant customer relations problems. Further, if products are not accepted by customers due to such defects, and such returns exceed the amount we accrued for defective returns based on our historical experience, our operating results would be adversely affected.

Our products must successfully inter-operate with products from other vendors. As a result, when problems occur in a network, it may be difficult to identify the sources of these problems. The occurrence of system errors, whether or not caused by our products, could result in the delay or loss of market acceptance of our products and any necessary revisions may cause us to incur significant expenses. The occurrence of any such problems would likely have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our dependence on a few manufacturers for our manufacturing requirements could harm our operating results.

We primarily rely on our manufacturing partners: Alpha Networks; Senao Networks; Benchmark Electronics; Foxconn, Delta Networks and LiteOn and select other partners to manufacture our products. We have experienced delays in product shipments from some of our manufacturing partners in the past, which in turn delayed product shipments to our customers. These or similar problems may arise in the future, such as delivery of products of inferior quality, delivery of insufficient quantity of products, or the interruption or discontinuance of operations of a manufacturer, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. In addition, any natural disaster or business interruption to our manufacturing partners could significantly disrupt our business. While we maintain strong relationships with our manufacturing partners, our agreements with these manufacturers are generally of limited duration and pricing, quality and volume commitments are negotiated on a recurring basis. The failure to maintain continuing agreements with our manufacturing partners could adversely affect our business. We intend to introduce new products and product enhancements, which will require that we rapidly achieve volume production by coordinating our efforts with those of our suppliers and contract manufacturers.

As part of our cost-reduction efforts, we will need to realize lower per unit product costs from our manufacturing partners by means of volume efficiencies and the utilization of manufacturing sites in lower-cost geographies. However, we cannot be certain when or if such price reductions will occur. The failure to obtain such price reductions would adversely affect our operating results.

We must continue to develop and increase the productivity of our indirect distribution channels to increase net revenues and improve our operating results.

Our distribution strategy focuses primarily on developing and increasing the productivity of our indirect distribution channels. If we fail to develop and cultivate relationships with significant channel partners, or if these channel partners are not successful in their sales efforts, sales of our products may decrease and our operating results could suffer. Many of our channel partners also sell products from other vendors that compete with our products. Our channel partners may not continue to market or sell our products effectively or to devote the resources necessary to provide us with effective sales, marketing and technical support. We may not be able to successfully manage our sales channels or enter into additional reseller and/or distribution agreements. Our failure to do any of these could limit our ability to grow or sustain revenue.

Our operating results for any given period have and will continue to depend to a significant extent on large orders from a relatively small number of channel partners and other customers. However, we do not have binding purchase commitments from any of them. A substantial reduction or delay in sales of our products to a significant reseller, distributor or other customer could harm our business, operating results and financial condition because our expense levels are based on our expectations as to future revenue and to a large extent are fixed in the short term. Under specified conditions, some third-party distributors are allowed to return products to us and unexpected returns could adversely affect our results.

The sales cycle for our products is long and we may incur substantial non-recoverable expenses or devote significant resources to sales that do not occur when anticipated.

The purchase of our products represent a significant strategic decision by a customer regarding its communications infrastructure. The decision by customers to purchase our products is often based on the results of a variety of internal procedures associated with the evaluation, testing, implementation and acceptance of new technologies. Accordingly, the product evaluation process frequently results in a lengthy sales cycle, typically ranging from three months to longer than a year, and as a result, our ability to sell products is subject to a number of significant risks, including risks that:

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Failure to successfully expand our sales and support teams or educate them in regard to technologies and our product families may harm our operating results.

The sale of our products and services requires a concerted effort that is frequently targeted at several levels within a prospective customer's organization. We may not be able to increase net revenues unless we expand our sales and support teams in order to address all of the customer requirements necessary to sell our products.

We cannot assure that we will be able to successfully integrate employees into our company or to educate and train current and future employees in regard to rapidly evolving technologies and our product families. A failure to do so may hurt our revenue growth and operating results.

Failure of our products to comply with evolving industry standards and complex government regulations may adversely impact our business.

If we do not comply with existing or evolving industry standards and government regulations, we may not be able to sell our products where these standards or regulations apply. The network equipment industry in which we compete is characterized by rapid changes in technology and customers’ requirements and evolving industry standards. As a result, our success depends on:

In the past, we have introduced new products that were not compatible with certain technological standards, and in the future, we may not be able to effectively address the compatibility and interoperability issues that arise as a result of technological changes and evolving industry standards.

Our products must also comply with various U.S. federal government regulations and standards defined by agencies such as the Federal Communications Commission, standards established by governmental authorities in various foreign countries and recommendations of the International Telecommunication Union. In some circumstances, we must obtain regulatory approvals or certificates of compliance before we can offer or distribute our products in certain jurisdictions or to certain customers. Complying with new regulations or obtaining certifications can be costly and disruptive to our business.

If we do not comply with existing or evolving industry standards or government regulations, we will not be able to sell our products where these standards or regulations apply, which may prevent us from sustaining our net revenues or achieving profitability.

If we do not adequately manage and evolve our financial reporting and managerial systems and processes, our ability to manage and grow our business may be harmed.

Our ability to successfully implement our business plan and comply with regulations requires an effective planning and management process. We need to continue improving our existing, and implement new, operational and financial systems, procedures and controls. We need to ensure that any businesses acquired, including the WLAN Business and Campus Fabric Business, are appropriately integrated in our financial systems. Any delay in the implementation of, or disruption in the integration of acquired businesses, or delay and disruption in the transition to, new or enhanced systems, procedures or controls, could harm our ability to record and report financial and management information on a timely and accurate basis, or to forecast future results.

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Recent U.S. tax legislation may materially adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Recently enacted U.S. tax legislation has significantly changed the U.S. federal income taxation of U.S. corporations, including by reducing the U.S. corporate income tax rate, limiting interest deductions, permitting immediate expensing of certain capital expenditures, adopting elements of a territorial tax system, imposing a one-time transition tax (or “repatriation tax”) on all undistributed earnings and profits of certain U.S.-owned foreign corporations, revising the rules governing net operating losses and the rules governing foreign tax credits, and introducing new anti-base erosion provisions. Many of these changes are effective immediately, without any transition periods or grandfathering for existing transactions. The legislation is unclear in many respects and could be subject to potential amendments and technical corrections, as well as interpretations and implementing regulations by the Treasury and Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), any of which could lessen or increase certain adverse impacts of the legislation. In addition, it is unclear how these U.S. federal income tax changes will affect state and local taxation, which often uses federal taxable income as a starting point for computing state and local tax liabilities.

While our analysis and interpretation of this legislation is preliminary and ongoing, based on our current evaluation, we do not expect the reduction of the U.S. corporate income tax rate will have a materially adverse impact to our earnings given our U.S. valuation allowance.  We also do not currently believe the one-time transition tax will have a materially adverse impact given our ability to utilize existing tax attributes.  An estimate of the impact was recorded in the second quarter of the fiscal year ending June 30, 2018, the period in which the tax legislation was enacted, however, these amounts may be subject to further adjustment in subsequent periods throughout fiscal 2018 in accordance with recent interpretive guidance issued by the SEC as well as future regulatory guidance.  We believe the limitation on interest deductions, the expanded limitation on executive compensation deductions and the anti-base erosion provisions in the legislation may negatively impact our cash flows going forward.  There may be other material adverse effects resulting from the legislation that we have not yet identified.

Changes in the effective tax rate including from the release of the valuation allowance recorded against our net U.S. deferred tax assets, or adverse outcomes resulting from examination of our income or other tax returns or change in ownership, could adversely affect our results.

Our future effective tax rates may be volatile or adversely affected by changes in our business or U.S. or foreign tax laws, including: the partial or full release of the valuation allowance recorded against our net U.S. deferred tax assets; expiration of or lapses in the research and development tax credit laws; transfer pricing adjustments; tax effects of stock-based compensation; or costs related to restructuring. In addition, we are subject to the examination of our income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities. Although we regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes, there is no assurance that such determinations by us are in fact adequate. Changes in our effective tax rates or amounts assessed upon examination of our tax returns may have a material, adverse impact on our cash flows and our financial condition.

Our future effective tax rate in particular could be adversely affected by a change in ownership pursuant to U.S. Internal Revenue Code Section 382. If a change in ownership occurs, it may limit our ability to utilize our net operating losses to offset our U.S. taxable income. If U.S. taxable income is greater than the change in ownership limitation, we will pay a higher rate of tax with respect to the amount of taxable income that exceeds the limitation. This could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. On April 26, 2012, we adopted an Amended and Restated Rights Agreement to help protect our assets (the “Rights Agreement”). In general, this does not allow a stockholder to acquire more than 4.95% of our outstanding common stock without a waiver from our board of directors, who must take into account the relevant tax analysis relating to potential limitation of our net operating losses. Our Rights Agreement is effective through May 31, 2018.

Provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law and our adoption of a stockholder rights plan may delay or prevent an acquisition of Extreme, which could decrease the value of our Common Stock.

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and Delaware law contain provisions that could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us without the consent of our Board of Directors. Delaware law also imposes some restrictions on mergers and other business combinations between us and any holder of 15% or more of our outstanding common stock. In addition, our Board of Directors has the right to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval, which could be used to dilute the stock ownership of a potential hostile acquirer. Although we believe these provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and Delaware law will provide for an opportunity to receive a higher bid by requiring potential acquirers to negotiate with our Board of Directors, these provisions apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some of our stockholders.

Our Rights Agreement provides that if a single stockholder (or group) acquires more than 4.95% of our outstanding common stock without a waiver from our Board of Directors, each holder of one share of our common stock (other than the stockholder or group who acquired in excess of 4.95% of our common stock) may purchase a fractional share of our preferred stock that would result in substantial dilution to the triggering stockholder or group. Accordingly, although this plan is designed to prevent any limitation on

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the utilization of our net operating losses by avoiding issues raised under Section 382 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, the Rights Agreement could also serve as a deterrent to stockholders wishing to effect a change of control.

Compliance with laws, rules and regulations relating to corporate governance and public disclosure may result in additional expenses.

Federal securities laws, rules and regulations, as well as NASDAQ Stock Market rules and regulations, require companies to maintain extensive corporate governance measures, impose comprehensive reporting and disclosure requirements, set strict independence and financial expertise standards for audit and other committee members and impose civil and criminal penalties for companies and their Chief Executive Officers, Chief Financial Officers and directors for securities law violations. These laws, rules and regulations and the interpretation of these requirements are evolving, and we are making investments to evaluate current practices and to continue to achieve compliance, which investments may have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition.

We are required to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting on an annual basis and publicly disclose any material weaknesses in our controls.  Any adverse results from such evaluation could result in a loss of investor confidence in our financial reports and significant expense to remediate, and ultimately could have an adverse effect on our stock price.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires our management to assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and to disclose if such controls were unable to provide assurance that a material error would be prevented or detected in a timely manner. We have an ongoing program to review the design of our internal controls framework in keeping with changes in business needs, implement necessary changes to our controls design and test the system and process controls necessary to comply with these requirements. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our Company will have been detected.

If we or our independent registered public accounting firm identifies material weaknesses in our internal controls, the disclosure of that fact, even if quickly remedied, may cause investors to lose confidence in our financial statements and its stock price may decline. Remediation of a material weakness could require us to incur significant expenses and, if we fail to remedy any material weakness, our ability to report our financial results on a timely and accurate basis may be adversely affected, our access to the capital markets may be restricted, our stock price may decline, and we may be subject to sanctions or investigation by regulatory authorities, including the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission or the NASDAQ Stock Market LLC. We may also be required to restate our financial statements from prior periods. Execution of restatements create a significant strain on our internal resources and could cause delays in our filing of quarterly or annual financial results, increase our costs and cause management distraction. Restatements may also significantly affect our stock price in an adverse manner.

Our headquarters and some significant supporting businesses are located in Northern California and other areas subject to natural disasters that could disrupt our operations and harm our business.

Our corporate headquarters are located in Silicon Valley in Northern California. Historically, this region as well as our R&D centers in North Carolina and New Hampshire have been vulnerable to natural disasters and other risks, such as earthquakes, fires, floods and tropical storms, which at times have disrupted the local economy and posed physical risks to our property. We have contract manufacturers located in Taiwan where similar natural disasters and other risks may disrupt the local economy and pose physical risks to our property and the property of our contract manufacturer.

In addition, the continued threat of terrorism and heightened security and military action in response to this threat, or any future acts of terrorism, may cause further disruptions to the economies of the United States and other countries. If such disruptions result in delays or cancellations of customer orders for our products, our business and operating results will suffer.

We currently do not have redundant, multiple site capacity in the event of a natural disaster, terrorist act or other catastrophic event. In the event of such an occurrence, our business would suffer.

Our stock price has been volatile in the past and our stock price may significantly fluctuate in the future.

In the past, our common stock price has fluctuated significantly. This could continue as we or our competitors announce new products, our results or those of our customers or competition fluctuate, conditions in the networking or semiconductor industry change, or when investors, change their sentiment toward stocks in the networking technology sector.

In addition, fluctuations in our stock price and our price-to-earnings multiple may make our stock attractive to momentum, hedge or day-trading investors who often shift funds into and out of stock rapidly, exacerbating price fluctuations in either direction, particularly when viewed on a quarterly basis.  These fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price or liquidity of our common stock. Some companies, including us, that have had volatile market prices for their securities have had securities class action lawsuits

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filed against them. If a suit were filed against us, regardless of its merits or outcome, it could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources.  

We rely on the availability of third-party licenses.

Some of our products are designed to include software or other intellectual property, including open source software, licensed from third parties. It may be necessary in the future to seek or renew licenses relating to various aspects of these products. There can be no assurance that the necessary licenses would be available on acceptable terms, if at all. The inability to obtain certain licenses or other rights or to obtain such licenses or rights on favorable terms, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. Moreover, the inclusion in our products of software or other intellectual property licensed from third parties on a nonexclusive basis could limit our ability to protect our proprietary rights in our products.  Further, the failure to comply with the terms of any license, including free open source software, may result in our inability to continue to use such license. Our inability to maintain or re-license any third-party licenses required in our products or our inability to obtain third-party licenses necessary to develop new products and product enhancements, could require us, if possible, to develop substitute technology or obtain substitute technology of lower quality or performance standards or at a greater cost, any of which could delay or prevent product shipment and harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

System security risks, data protection breaches, and cyber-attacks could compromise our proprietary information, disrupt our internal operations and harm public perception of our products, which could adversely affect our business.

In the ordinary course of business, we store sensitive data, including intellectual property, our proprietary business information and that of our customers, suppliers and business partners on our networks. In addition, we store sensitive data through cloud-based services that may be hosted by third parties and in data center infrastructure maintained by third parties. The secure maintenance of this information is critical to our operations and business strategy. Increasingly, companies, including us, are subject to a wide variety of attacks on their networks on an ongoing basis. Despite our security measures, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to penetration or attacks by computer programmers and hackers, or breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions. Any such breach could compromise our networks, creating system disruptions or slowdowns and exploiting security vulnerabilities of our products, and the information stored on our networks could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen, which could subject us to liability to our customers, suppliers, business partners and others, and cause us reputational and financial harm. In addition, sophisticated hardware and operating system software and applications that we produce or procure from third parties may contain defects in design or manufacture, including “bugs” and other problems that could unexpectedly interfere with the operation of our networks. This can be true even for “legacy” products that have been determined to have reached an end of life engineering status but will continue to operate for a limited amount of time.

If an actual or perceived breach of network security occurs in our network or in the network of a customer of our networking products, regardless of whether the breach is attributable to our products, the market perception of the effectiveness of our products could be harmed. In addition, the economic costs to us to eliminate or alleviate cyber or other security problems, bugs, viruses, worms, malicious software systems and security vulnerabilities could be significant and may be difficult to anticipate or measure. Because the techniques used by computer programmers and hackers, many of whom are highly sophisticated and well-funded, to access or sabotage networks change frequently and generally are not recognized until after they are used, we may be unable to anticipate or immediately detect these techniques. This could impede our sales, manufacturing, distribution or other critical functions, which could adversely affect our business.

Market conditions and changes in the industry could lead to discontinuation of our products or businesses resulting in asset impairments.

In response to changes in industry and market conditions, we may be required to strategically realign our resources and consider restructuring, disposing of, or otherwise exiting businesses. Any decision to limit investment in or dispose of or otherwise exit businesses may result in the recording of special charges, such as inventory and technology-related write-offs, workforce reduction costs, charges relating to consolidation of excess facilities, or claims from third parties who were resellers or users of discontinued products. Our estimates with respect to the useful life or ultimate recoverability of our carrying basis of assets, including purchased intangible assets, could change as a result of such assessments and decisions. Although in certain instances, our supply agreements allow us the option to cancel, reschedule, and adjust our requirements based on our business needs prior to firm orders being placed, our loss contingencies may include liabilities for contracts that we cannot cancel with contract manufacturers and suppliers. Further, our estimates relating to the liabilities for excess facilities are affected by changes in real estate market conditions.

If our products do not effectively inter-operate with our customers’ networks and result in cancellations and delays of installations, our business could be harmed.

Our products are designed to interface with our customers’ existing networks, each of which have different specifications and utilize multiple protocol standards and products from other vendors. Many of our customers’ networks contain multiple generations of

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products that have been added over time as these networks have grown and evolved. Our products must inter-operate with many or all of the products within these networks as well as future products in order to meet our customers’ requirements. If we find errors in the existing software or defects in the hardware used in our customers’ networks, we may need to modify our software networking solutions to fix or overcome these errors so that our products will inter-operate and scale with the existing software and hardware, which could be costly and could negatively affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, if our products do not inter-operate with those of our customers’ networks, demand for our products could be adversely affected or orders for our products could be canceled. This could hurt our operating results, damage our reputation, and seriously harm our business and prospects.

The results of the United Kingdom’s referendum on withdrawal from the European Union may have a negative effect on global economic conditions, financial markets and our business.

In June 2016, a majority of voters in the United Kingdom elected to withdraw from the European Union in a national referendum.  The terms of the withdrawal are subject to a negotiation period that could last at least two years after the government of the United Kingdom formally initiated the withdrawal process in March 2017.  Nevertheless, the referendum has created significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union, including with respect to the laws and regulations that will apply as the United Kingdom determines which European Union laws to replace or replicate in the event of a withdrawal.  The referendum has also given rise to calls for the governments of other European Union member states to consider withdrawal.  These developments, or the perception that any of them could occur, have had and may continue to have a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets, and may significantly reduce global market liquidity and restrict the ability of key market participants to operate in certain financial markets.  Any of these factors could depress economic activity and restrict our access to capital, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and reduce the price of our securities.

While the full effects of the referendum will not be known for some time, the referendum and beginnings of the British exit from the European Union could cause disruptions to, and create uncertainty surrounding, our business with customers in the United Kingdom. One of the effects of the referendum to date includes currency exchange rate fluctuations that have or may in the future result in the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar against the U.K. Pound Sterling. A weaker U.K. Pound Sterling means that revenues earned in U.K. Pounds Sterling translate to lower reported U.S. Dollar revenues. A weaker U.K. Pound Sterling also means that expenses incurred in U.K. Pound Sterling translate to lower reported U.S. Dollar expenses. In addition, any future increases in the value of the U.S. Dollar relative to the U.K. Pounds Sterling could make the sale of our products less competitive in the United Kingdom. 

Regulations related to conflict minerals may cause us to incur additional expenses and could limit the supply and increase the costs of certain metals used in the manufacturing of our products.

As a public company, we are subject to requirements under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, or the Dodd-Frank Act, and the regulations adopted by the SEC as a result of the Dodd-Frank Act, that require us to perform certain reasonable country of origin inquiry and diligence exercises, and disclose and report on our diligence process and efforts to ascertain whether or not our products may contain “conflict minerals” mined from the Democratic Republic of the Congo or adjoining countries.  These requirements could adversely affect the sourcing, availability and pricing of the materials used in the manufacture of components used in our products. In addition, we continue to incur additional costs to comply with these disclosure requirements, including costs related to conducting ongoing diligence procedures and, if applicable, potential changes to products, processes or sources of supply as a consequence of such activities. We may encounter challenges to satisfy customers who require that all of the components of our products are certified as “conflict free.” If we cannot satisfy these customers, they may choose a competitor’s products.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds – Not applicable

 

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities - Not applicable

 

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure - Not Applicable

 

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Item 5. Other Information – Not Applicable

 

Item 6. Exhibits

 

 

 

* Furnished herewith. Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 are being furnished and shall not be deemed to be “filed” for purposes of section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall such exhibits be deemed to be incorporated by reference in any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as otherwise specifically stated in such filing.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

May 10, 2018

 

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